高二英语练习题模块质量测评5 1.docx
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高二英语练习题模块质量测评5 1.docx
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高二英语练习题模块质量测评51
模块质量测评五(Module5)
(时间:
90分钟 满分:
120分)
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节:
(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
AnewstudyshowsthatfatpeopleintheUnitedStatessufferdirecteconomicandsocialeffectsbecauseoftheirsize.Thefindingsarefroman8-yearstudyofabout100000people.Thepeoplestudiedwerebetweentheagesof16and25whentheresearchbegan.
Theresearcherswhocarriedoutthestudysaytheyconsiderthepeoplefatiftheyareinthetopof5%ofthemeasurementinwhichweightisconnectedwithheight.Forexample,fatwomeninthestudywereabout160centimeterstallandweighedabout90kilograms.Fatmeninthestudywereabout175centimeterstallandweighed100kilograms.Theresearcherssaythatmorethan1000000Americansarethatbig.Theresearchersfoundthatfatyoungwomenweremorelikelytolosesocialandeconomicpowereveniftheywerefromwealthyfamilies.Thefatwomenalsowere20%lesslikelytogetmarriedandtheyearnedanaverageofabout$6700ayearlessthanotherwomen.Thestudyshowedlesssevereeffectonfatmen.Theyearnedanaverageofabout$3000ayearlessthanothermen.Fatmenalsowere11%lesslikelytogetmarried.
1.FromthispassageweknowfatpeopleinAmericawere______.
A.admired B.respected
C.unhealthyD.unpopular
2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTmentionedinthispassage?
A.Thereasonwhyfatpeoplesuffered.
B.Thecausethatcausedpeopletobefat.
C.Thestandardoffatpeople.
D.Thenumberoffatpeople.
3.Theunderlinedword“severe”means______.
A.economicB.social
C.seriousD.favorable
4.Fatpeoplewereinferiorto(比……差)otherpeoplein______.
A.brain,humanrightsandpayment
B.income,marriageandpoliticalrights
C.brain,educationandmarriage
D.marriage,gettingjobsandincome
答案与解析:
1.解析:
推理判断题。
根据第一段首句“一项新的研究表明在美国肥胖者因他们的体型受直接的经济和社会影响之苦。
”可判断肥胖者在美国是不受欢迎的。
unpopular不受欢迎的。
admired=respected受尊敬的;unhealthy不健康的。
答案:
D
2.解析:
推理判断题。
本文主要讲了在美国有很多肥胖者,肥胖者的人数、肥胖的标准以及为何肥胖者会受经济、社会的影响之苦。
文章没有提到造成肥胖者肥胖的原因。
答案:
B
3.解析:
词义猜测题。
从上下文看,美国的肥胖男士所受经济影响不太严重,他们的年均收入大约比正常男士少3000美元。
severe相当于serious,严重的。
其他几项不合语境。
答案:
C
4.解析:
细节理解题。
本文主要讲了肥胖者在婚姻、找工作及收入方面与正常人的差别。
没有提及在智力、人权和教育等方面的问题。
答案:
D
B
Fromthemomentthatananimalisborn,ithastomakedecisions.Ithastodecidewhichofthethingsarounditareforeating,andwhicharetobeavoided;whentoattackandwhentorunaway.Theanimalis,infact,playingaverydangerousgamewithitsenvironment,agameinwhichitmustmakedecisions—amatteroflifeordeath.
Animals'abilitytoactreasonablyisbelievedtocomepartlyfromwhatwemaycall“genetic(遗传性的)learning”,whichisdifferentfromtheindividual(个体的)learningthatananimaldoesinthecourseofitsownlifetime.Geneticlearningislearningbyaspecies—animalsofthesamekindasawhole,anditisachievedbyselectionofthosemembersofeachgenerationthathappentoactintherightway.However,theroleofgeneticlearningdependsuponhowsimilarthefutureenvironmentistothepast.Themoreimportantindividualexperienceislikelytobe,thelessimportantisgeneticlearningasameansofgettingovertheproblemsofthesurvivalgame.Becausemostanimalsliveineverchangingenvironmentsfromonegenerationtothenext,itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeeddependwhollyupongeneticlearning.
Inthegreatmajorityofanimals,theirparticularwaysofactinginanewenvironmentareacompound(复合体)ofindividualexperienceaddedtotheactionpatternsanimalsarebornwith.Thatiswhyanimalscansurvive.
5.Theanimal'slifewillcometoanend______.
A.iftheanimalmakesawrongdecision
B.iftheanimalplaysadangerousgame
C.whentheanimalattacksitsenemy
D.whentheanimalrunstooslowly
6.Veryfewspeciesdependentirelyongeneticlearningbecause______.
A.eachgenerationhasitsownwayoflearning
B.theirenvironmentschangeallthetime
C.theycanactreasonablyontheirown
D.ittakestheirwholelifetolearn
7.Whentheenvironmentdoesn'tchangemuch,______.
A.animalscan'tactinarightway
B.geneticlearningislessimportantforanimals
C.individuallearningplaysalessimportantrole
D.animalscannotgetoverproblemsontheirown
8.Animals'livingongenerationaftergenerationdependson______.
A.theirnaturalactionpatternwiththeirownexperience
B.thelessonstheyhavelearntduringtheirlifetime
C.theirexperienceinparticularenvironments
D.theknowledgepassedonbytheirparents
答案与解析:
5.解析:
细节理解题。
根据第一段最后一句“...mustmakedecisions—amatteroflifeordeath.”可知如果选择错了就会死掉。
答案:
A
6.解析:
细节理解题。
根据“...animalsliveineverchangingenvironments...itisnotsurprisingtofindthatveryfewspeciesindeedwhollyupongeneticlearning.”这句可知每一代都生活在一直变化的环境中,所以很少生物完全依赖遗传性的学习。
答案:
B
7.解析:
推理判断题。
因为遗传性学习的作用依赖于环境变化程度,所以环境变化小,那遗传性学习作用就大。
答案:
C
8.解析:
推理判断题。
根据最后一段“...areacompoundofindividualexperienceaddedtotheactionpatternsanimalsarebornwith.Thatiswhyanimalscansurvive.”可知物种的生存依赖于本能和生存经验。
答案:
A
C
Inmanycountriesthestandardoflivingenjoyedbytheirpeoplehadincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears.Sadly,noteveryoneinthesecountriesissofortunateandmanypeopleinrichcountriesarehomeless.
Thereasonsforhomelessnessarevarious,butpoverty(贫穷)isundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses.Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsonolongerhavea_roof_over_their_heads.Often,thefactthatunemployedpeoplegethelpfromthegovernmentpreventsthisfromhappening,butnotalways.
Somehomelesspeoplearementallyillandhavenoonetolookafterthem.Someareyoungpeoplewho,foronereasonoranother,havelefthomeandhavenowheretolive.Manyofthemhavehadaseriousdisagreementwiththeirparentsandhavelefthome,choosingtogotoacityandliveonthestreets.Sometimestheyhavetakensuchactionbecausetheyhavebeenunabletogetonwithastep-parent.
Manyhomelesspeoplegetintothehabitofbeggingtogetenoughmoneytostayalive,butmanyofthegeneralpublicrefusetogiveanythingtobeggars.Oftentheyaremovedonbythepolice,beingaccused(指控),whetherrightlyorwrongly,offorcefulbegging.Therearemanywhodisrespecthomelesspeople.
Somecynics(愤世嫉俗的人)declarethathomelesspeoplechoosetolivethelifewhichtheylead.Butwhowouldwillinglychoosetoliveinashopdoorway,underabridgeorinacardboardbox?
9.Accordingtothetext,whatcausessomepeopletobehomeless?
A.Lackofmoney.
B.Theincreasedstandardofliving.
C.Nogovernmenthelp.
D.Agreementwiththeirparents.
10.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat______.
A.thehomelessarewillingtoliveunderabridgeorinacardboardbox
B.youwillnotfindhomelesspeopleincountrieswithahighstandardofliving
C.thementallyillliveonthestreetsbecausetheywantthecompanyofotherhomelesspeople
D.theunemployedwhoreceivehelpmaystillbeamongthehomeless
11.InParagraph2,“aroofovertheirheads”mostprobablymeans______.
A.acapB.acar
C.ahomeD.acovering
12.Theauthorthinksthatthehomelesspeopleare______.
A.pitifulB.troublesome
C.respectableD.admirable
答案与解析:
9.解析:
由文章第二段的...butpovertyisundoubtedlyoneofthemaincauses可知A项为正确答案。
答案:
A
10.解析:
推断题。
从文中第二段最后一句可推知。
答案:
D
11.解析:
猜测词义题。
由第二段第二句至第三句可得出答案。
答案:
C
12.解析:
考查分析作者的态度、观点。
文章介绍了导致人们homeless的几个原因,最后一段反问句的出现,都体现出作者对homelesspeople的同情。
答案:
A
D
(2013·河北唐山高二检测)
Cloningisaverycontroversialtopicsinceitaffectsmoralquestionsabouthumanbeingsandotherlivingthingsalike.InFebruary1997,scientistsannouncedthebirthofthefirstclonedsheep,whichopenedupfuturepossibilitiesforcloning.Scientistshaveclonedbothplantsandanimalssuccessfully.Thenextstepistocloneanactualhumanbeing.Beforetheexperimentscouldbeginonthis,governmentsintroducedbansoncloning,arguingitwasnotmorallycorrect.Cloninghasitsdisadvantagesbutitsadvantagesseemtobegreater.
Ifhumancloningexperimentswereallowed,scientistsmightfindawaytocloneabodyorganwhichwasexactlythesameasanindividual'sbodyorgan.Thiswouldbebeneficialtoapersonwhohadlostabodyorgan.Scientistscouldcloneaparticularorganforthatindividual,whichwouldworkbetterthanatransplant.
Cloningwouldcertainlyincreasethepossibilitiesofcuringdisease,suchascancerandotherdiseasesthatwereconsideredincurable.Also,cloningcouldbeusedtoincreasethepopulationofendangeredspeciesofanimals.Itwouldthushelpkeepanaturalbalanceontheearth.
Somepeoplewouldsuggestthatcloningisunnaturalandnotethicallycorrect.Infact,thewholeofmodernmedicineisbasedonunnaturalness,socloningwouldbejustanotherpartofthat.Besides,astheclonesofhumanbeingswillhaveallthecharacteristicsofanormalhumanbeing,theywillbehavelikeanyotherhumanbeingswouldbehave,oppositetowhatmanypeoplethink.
Inconclusion,itiscertainthatcloningwillplayanimportantpartinourlives.Therefore,thesocietyandthegovernmentshouldacceptthisfactandpermitthescientiststocarryoutmoreresearchtogetridofanyrisksconnectedwithcloning.
13.Whatmakeshumancloningimpossibletocarryout?
A.Scientistsdon'thaveenoughexperienceinthisfield.
B.Itistooexpensivetodosuchexperiments.
C.Thereistoomuchpressurefromsociety.
D.Cloninghumansisharderthancloningotheranimals.
14.Whatbenefitdoescloningbringtoendangeredanimals?
A.Itcouldsavethemfromdyingout.
B.Itcouldmakethemstronger.
C.Itcouldmakethembetteradapttotheenvironment.
D.Itcouldmakethemfightbetteragainsttheirenemies.
15.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Cloninganimals
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