英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案.docx
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英语高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案
【英语】高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Twoyounggiant-pandatwinsbornintheUnitedStateshavereturnedhometoChina,butarestragglingtoadapttothelanguageandfood.
The3-year-oldsisters,MeiLunandMeiHuan,wensthefirstsurvivingpandatwinstobebornintheUnitedStates,andwerereturnedtoChinafromZooAtlantaonNov.5.ButthepairstillunderstandEnglishbelterthanChinese,andpreferAmericanbiscuitstoChinesebread.
Azoo-keepersaidthathismainconcernisthatthepairaresoaddictedtoAmericanbiscuitsthateverythingtheyeat—frombamboostoapples—hastobemixedwithbiscuits.Theyevenwanttosnackon(零食)biscuitswhendrinkingwater.
Thezoo-keeperistryingtoweanthemofftheirbiscuithabit,graduallyreplacingtheAmericanfoodwithChinesebread.MeiHuanisadapting,butMeiLundoesn'twanttotouchtheunfamiliarbread.
MeiLunisthelivelierofthetwo,oftenjumpingontotheroofandhangingupsidedownfromarail,butherslightlyyoungersisterMeiHuaniscalmer,preferringtositstill,observehernewenvironmentandoccasionallysnackonbamboo.
Alanguagebarrierisalsoreported.Whilethepairrespondtotheirownnames,andunderstandsomeEnglishphrasessuchas“comehere,”theydon'tunderstandtheSichuandialectofChinese.
ThenewscausedsomelaughteronChinesesocialmedia,withsomeuserscommentingthatthepandaswouldsoongetusedtoSichuan'sfamouslyspicycuisine.
(1)Basedonthepassage,whichstatementdoyouthinkisright?
A. ThepandatwinscanfitinwellinSichuan.
B. ThepandatwinsareonlyfondofSichuanfoodanddishes.
C. Thepandatwinshavebeenusedtothenewenvironmentveryquickly.
D. It'shardforthepandatwinstogetusedtothenewenvironmentsoon.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“weanthemoff”inthefourthparagraphmean?
A. helpthemgetridof.
B. helpthemform.
C. helpthemstrengthen.
D. helpthemkeep.
(3)Fromthepassagewelearnthatofthetwosisters .
A. MeiHuanmainlyeatsbamboo
B. MeiLunislivingamoreactivelife
C. MeiHuanisnotsmarterthanMeiLun
D. MeiLunisasquietasheryoungersister
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了在美国出生的两只双胞胎大熊猫回国了,但是却不适应国内的饮食和语言,令饲养员很担心。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“butarestrugglingtoadapttothelanguageandfood”可知,这对双胞胎熊猫回国后适应语言和食物都很费力、困难,尤其是后面的2,3,4段更细节地描述了适应这个新环境的困难。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“graduallyreplacingtheAmericanfoodwithChinesebread”逐渐地用中国面包(馒头)代替美国食物,故前一句“Thezoo-keeperistryingtoweanthemofftheirbiscuithabit”的意思肯定是饲养员正试图让他们戒掉吃美国饼干的习惯,故此处的weanthemoff就可以断定为“去除”的意思,选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第三段中的“MeiLunisthelivelierofthetwo,oftenjumpingontotheroofandhangingupsidedownfromarail,butherslightlyyoungersisterMeiHuaniscalmer,preferringtositstill”可知,美轮更充满活力一点,喜欢上蹿下跳地玩耍,美奂则更安静点,喜欢静坐,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生在捕捉细节信息同时,需根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行推理,归纳,选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
DelhihasbeenthecentreofasuccessionofmightyempiresandpowerfulkingdomsinIndia.Numerousruinsscatteredthroughouttheterritoryofferaconstantreminderofthearea'shistory,whichmakesthecityalwaysbeafascinatingplacefortourists.
Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemoving,thecityhasexpandedseveraltimesinsize.ThatiswhyitiscalledNewDelhi.NewDelhi,acitywithapopulationofover20millionpeople,hasitsnewestproblem:
neverbeforehasthiscitymetwiththeworstairproblem.
AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.
Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.
NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.FireworksandfirecrackerstocelebratetheHindufestivalofDiwalithenarrives,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.
Thecity'sairqualityindex,whichmeasuresamixofdangerouspollutants,registeredanaveragescoreof494Sunday.Thatisthehighest24-houraveragesinceNov.6,2016,whenithit497,accordingtodatameasuredbytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.
(1)WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.DiwaliisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinIndia.
B.Thegovernmentdidlittletoprotectitscitizensagainsttheseriouspollution.
C.SuchaseriousairpollutioninNewDelhiappearsonaregularbasis.
D.Theindexoftherecentairpollutionisnottheworstinthehistory.
(2)Whomaynotcomplainabouttheseriousairpollution?
A.Theparentswhosechildrenhavetostayathome.
B.Thepilotswhoseplaneshavebeendivertedordelayed.
C.Themanufacturerswhoproduceantipollutionmasks.
D.Theofficialswhohavetoworkoutoftheiroffices.
(3)Whichofthefollowingphrasescanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph5?
A.Sentout.
B.Sentup.
C.Sentin.
D.Senton.
(4)Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe .
A.ProblemsCausedbytheDevelopmentofNewDelhi
B.DangerousPollutionEnvelopsNewDelhi
C.AntipollutionMasksAreinGreatNeedinNewDelhi
D.FarmersintheNeighboringStatesaretoBlameforBurningCropStubble
【答案】
(1)B
(2)C
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动,城市规模的扩大,印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。
虽然政府发誓解决污染问题,但由于污染严重,整个新德里处于危险的污染中,人们必须戴防污口罩,冬天天气寒冷污染物成雾霾,成为世界是污染最严重的城市。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第三段“AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.”印度首都的空气污染飙升至多年来最严重的水平,笼罩着这座城市的浓雾已成为年度公共卫生紧急事件,尽管政府誓言要解决这个问题;第五段“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdust...,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.”新德里每年都会被污染吞没,随着天气变冷,汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飘动的灰尘,以及邻国农作物秸秆燃烧产生的烟雾,都会形成浓雾。
庆祝印度排灯节的烟花爆竹随后到达,使德里现在成为世界上污染最严重的城市;以及第四段中的“Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”在学校、学院、医院和市场上分发了数以百万计的防污口罩。
可知,政府尽管发誓解决这种污染,但情况不仅没有改变,反而更加严重,使得人们必须佩戴防毒口罩。
由此可判断出政府几乎没有保护其公民免受严重污染。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段“Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”周末期间,由于能见度低,数百架航班被迫改道、延误和取消,学校和办公室周一关闭,官员们紧急采取措施,试图扭转不断恶化的空气质量。
学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。
由此可知,由于污染严重,学校、大学、医院和市场分发了数百万个防污染口罩。
所以生产防污染口罩的厂家要加大生产,是不会抱怨的,故选C。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第五段中的“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.”本句是说新德里每年都笼罩在污染中。
因为天气变冷,从汽车和以煤为基础的发电厂“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的雾霾。
根据常识可知,汽车和用煤发电的发电厂会“排放或释放”污染物的。
由此可判断“emitted”是排放的意思。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文叙述了随着城市的发展和越来越多的人口流动,城市规模的扩大,印度的新德里成为世界上污染最严重的城市。
虽然政府发誓解决污染问题,但周末的能见度低,数百架航班在周末改道、延误和取消,学校和办公室周一关闭,人们必须戴防污口罩,可知,新德里被严重的污染所笼罩。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是环保类阅读,考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Imagineacatthatdoesnotneedsomeonetocleanupafteritkeepsanolderpersoncompanyandhelpsthemremembertotaketheirmedicine.ThatistheshareddreamofthetoymakerHasbroandscientistsatBrownUniversityinProvidence,RhodeIsland.Theresearchersreceiveda$3-million-dollarawardfromtheNationalScienceFoundationforaspecialproject.Theywanttofindwaystoaddartificialintelligence,orA.I.,toHasbro's“JoyforAll”robotic
Thecathasalreadybeenforsalefortwoyears.Thoughpricedover1000dollars,itsoldquitewell.Itwasmeanttoactasa“companion”forolderpeople.Nowtheprojectisaimedatdevelopingadditionalabilitiesforthecat.ResearchersatBrown'sHumanity-CenteredRoboticsInitiativeareworkingtodecidewhichactivitiesolderadultsmayneedthemost.Theyhopetomakethecatperformasmallnumberofactivitiesverywell.Suchactivitiesincludefindinglostobjectsandremindingthepersontotakemedicineorvisittheirdoctor.Theyalsowanttokeepthecostdowntojustafewhundreddollars.
ItisanideathathasappealedtoJeanneElliott.Her93-year-oldmotherMaryDerrliveswithherinSouthKingstown.Derrhasdementia(痴呆).TheJoyforAllcatthatElliottboughtthisyearhasbecomeatruecompanionforDerr.ThecatstayswithDerrandkeepshercalmwhileElliottisatwork.Elliottsaidaroboticcatthathelpshermothertoremembertotakehermedicineandbecarefulwhenshewalkswouldbegreater.
Theresearchersaretryingtolearnhowtheimprovedcatswillcompletehelpfulactivitiesandhowtheywillcommunicate.Theysaythattheydonotwantatalkingcat,however.Insteadtheyaretryingtodesignacatthatcanmoveitsheadinaspecialwaytosuccessfullycommunicateitsmessage.Intheend,theyhopetocreateanexchangebetweenthehumanandthecatinwhichthehumanfeelsthecatneedsthem.Bydoingso,theresearchershopethey
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