VOA.docx
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VOA.docx
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PopeFrancisismakingfinalpreparationsforhisvisittotheUnitedStates.Duringthetrip,thePopewillofficiallyrecognizean18thcenturyreligiousworkerasasaint.
JuniperoSerraservedasaCatholicmissionarypriestmorethan200yearsagoinwhatwasthencalledSpanishCalifornia.NoteveryoneagreesthatFatherSerrashouldberecognizedforhiswork.AmonghisbiggestcriticsareNativeAmericans.
OnSeptember23rdinWashingtonDC.,PopeFranciswillcompleteayears-longprocessandrecognizeJuniperoSerraasasaint.FatherSerrahelpedcreatetheSpanishcolonialsystemofCaliforniamissions.
SpainhadclaimedmostofCaliforniainthe16thcentury.ButtherewerenoSpanishsettlementsintheterritoryfornearly200years.In1768,Spain’sKing,CharlestheThird,decidedthebestwaytokeeptheSpanishclaimtoCaliforniawastobuildsettlementsthere.HeorderedthecreationofaseriesofsmallfarmingcommunitiesalongthePacificOceancoast.Buttherewasnooneonthecoasttobeginthework.
FatherSerra:
SainttoSome,UnworthytoOthers
KingCharlesandhisadvisorsdecidedthatthefarmingsettlementswouldbeginwithRomanCatholicchurchescalledmissions.ThemissionswereplaceswhereCatholicclergymentaughttheChristianreligiontopeoplewhowantedtojointhechurch.
ThekingdecidedCatholicpriestswouldbuildthemissionsandsettlementswiththehelpofNativeAmericans.TheclergymenwouldteachthenativepeopleChristianity,theSpanishlanguageandhowtofarm.
AreligiousgroupwithintheCatholicChurchcalledtheFranciscanswouldbuildthesettlements.TheFranciscanschoseayoungpriestnamedJuniperoSerratobeginthework.ManyhistorianssaytheSpanishgovernmentandtheCatholicChurchcouldnothavechosenabetterpersonthanFatherSerra.HehadalwayswantedtotellothersaboutChristianity.
In1749,hesailedtoMexicotobeginhislifeasamissionary.HespentseveralyearsstudyingthelanguagesandcustomsofMexico’snativepeople.
In1768,FatherSerrawasgiventhejobofbuildingthefirstoftheCaliforniamissionsnearthepresentdaycityofSanDiego.Butbeforethesettlementwascompleted,FatherSerradecidedtomoveit.HedidnotlikethewaySpanishsoldiersmistreatedtheNativeAmericans.Hewantedtokeepthemseparate.SohemovedthemissiontoanareathatisstillcalledMissionValley.
ManypeoplehavecriticizedthemissionsystemofsettlementsbecauseitchangedthewayoflifefortheNativeAmericansinCalifornia.CriticssaymanyNativeAmericanswereforcedtoworkatthemissions.TheysaymanywereforcedtobecomeChristians.AndmanywerebadlytreatedbySpanishsoldiersanddiedbecauseofmistreatmentordisease.
AndrewGalvanisanAmericanIndianandtheheadoftheMissionDoloresmuseuminSanFrancisco.Mr.Galvanadmitsthatthemissionsystemwasnotperfect.ButhesayshehasrespectedtheworkofFatherSerrasincethe1970s.
“Ihaveworkedalongwiththefriars(priests)sincethattimepromotingFatherSerra’scause.”
VincentMedinaalsoworksatMissionDoloresmuseum.ButhesaysFatherSerrashouldnotberecognizedasaholyman.
“It’sdocumentedthathewantedtheIndianlanguagessuppressed.It’sdocumentedthathesentforwhipsforIndianpeopletobewhipped.”
Mr.MedinasaystheSpanishbroughtdiseasetothenativepeoplesanddestroyedtheirculture.
FatherSerraworkedattheCarmelMissionontheCaliforniacoast,amongotherplaces.Heisburiedthere.HeisrememberedthereasastrongdefenderofthenativeCaliforniansagainsttheSpanishforces.
RubenMendozaisanarcheologistatCaliforniaStateUniversity,MontereyBay.HehasbeenstudyingFatherSerra’slifefor20years.Hewasonceacriticoftheclergyman,buthehascometorespecthim.
“Andbeingof,of,ofNativeAmericanancestrymyself--YaquiIndian--Idon’tgiveapasstocolonialism.Ontheotherhand,whenyoulookatthelifeofSerraveryspecifically,youwillseethathewasnotonlyamanofhistime,buthewasamanwellaheadofhistimeinthathewasanadvocatefornativepeoples.”
TheFernandenoTataviamBandofMissionIndiansismadeupoftribesthatlivedneartheCaliforniacoast.LikemanyotherNativeAmericans,theysayFatherSerraharmednativepeoples.Butsomeofthetribe’sCatholicmembershavedefendedhim.RudyOrtega,Jr.isthechairmanofthetribe.HesayshebelievesthedecisiontomakeFatherSerraasaintwillhurttheRomanCatholicChurch.
“MorepeoplearegonnaunderstandwhatFatherSerradid.Ithinkmoreevidenceisgonnacomethrough.TheindigenouspeopleofCalifornia,alltheMissionIndiansofCalifornia,aregonnareadmoreaboutit,they’regonnastudyharder,they’regonnafindmoreresearchandthey’regonnalearnandthey’regonnaexposemoreofthetruth.”
PopeFrancishasapologizedforthewaymembersofthechurchtreatedNativeAmericans.Buthesayssomeinthechurchworkedtohelpthem.
I’mChristopherJones-Cruise.
MikeO’SullivanreportedthisstoryfromCalifornia.ChristopherJones-CruiseadaptedhisreportforLearningEnglish.GeorgeGrowwastheeditor.
PopeFrancistoMakeHistoricTriptoUS
时间:
2015-09-1306:
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13次
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HisvisitinSeptemberwillbeanotherfirstforthepopularpope.
EventhoughFrancisisthe“firstAmericanpope,”bornandraisedinSouthAmerica,hehasnotyetbeentothisAmerica—theUnitedStatesofAmerica.
Largenumbersofpeopleareexpectedtocomeseethepopeinthethreecitieshewillvisit:
Washington,DC,NewYork,andPhiladelphia.CrowdsinWashingtonareexpectedtobesolargethatfederalgovernmentworkershavebeenencouragedtoworkfromhomewhenFrancisishere.Intotal,thepope’stripwilllastfromSeptember22-27.
PopeFrancistoMakeHistoricTriptoUS
Masses,meetingsandspeeches
PopeFrancisisknowntospeakpubliclyaboutmanycontroversialissues.ButinaninterviewwithVOA,theArchbishopofWashingtonsaysthepopeprobablywillnotdiscusspoliticswhileheishere.CardinalDonaldWuerlcallsthetripa“pastoralvisit.”
“Heiscomingasaspiritualleader,asashepherdofsouls.AndsoIthinkthatwhateverwehearfromhimhastobeheardandseenthroughthatlens–thathehascomenottotalkpolitics,nottotalkpublicpolicy,buttotalkaboutthevaluesthatcomeoutoftheGospelmessage.”
ThousandsofpeopleareexpectedontheSouthLawnoftheWhiteHouseforthepope’sarrivalonSeptember23.TheywillhelpPresidentBarackObamagreetFrancis.
TheWhiteHouseinvitedacross-sectionofpeoplerepresentingAmericanreligiouslifetoattend.TheyincludeleadersofChristianevangelicalgroups,agayCatholicblogger,andaRomanCatholicnunwholeadsbustoursforsocialjustice.
FrancisandMr.ObamawilltalkprivatelyaftertheSouthLawnreception.AWhiteHousespokespersonsaysthepresidenthopestodiscusstheenvironment,immigrantsandrefugees,andreligiousfreedom.
PopeFrancishasaddressedthesetopicsbefore.LastMay,Francis’encyclicalonclimatechangecalledforwealthynationstoovercomeglobalwarming.Andhehasdrawnattentiontotheplightofmigrants.
Aswithothertripshehastaken,thePopewillmovebetweenthepowerfulandthepoor.AfterhisspeechtoCongress–thefirstbyanypontiff–thepopewillvisitahomelessshelter.
AlsowhileinWashington,hewillsayanoutdoorMassinSpanish.Andhewillcanonizethe18th-centurySpanishmissionaryJuniperoSerra,whofoundedaseriesofmissionsinCalifornia.
InPhiladelphiaPopeFranciswillspeakatIndependenceHall,wheretheDeclarationofIndependencewasapproved.Thenhewillvisitaprison.
AndinNewYorkCity,PopeFranciswilladdresstheUnitedNationsGeneralAssemblyandvisittheSeptember11memorial.
CardinalWuerlsaysthepopewilltalkaboutbuildingagoodandjustsociety.
“Iwouldexpectthatwearegoingtohearfromhimacalltoworktogethertoaddresstheneedsofourbrothersandsistersespeciallythe,lessfortunate.”
Rockstarstatus
Everywherethepopegoes,peopleareexpectedtolinetheroads,hopingtoseehim.Socialmediaplatformsaregettingreadyforalargeincreaseinactivity.Wirelesscarriersarebringinginportablecelltowers.
InPhiladelphia,antennasarebeingaddedtostreetlights.AclosingMassthereisexpectedtodrawmorethan1millionpeople.
PopeFrancis’“rockstar”imageisconfirmedbyTwitter.Hisaccountsareinninelanguages,includingArabic,andnowhehas22.7millionfollowers.ThatismorethansingersMileyCyrusorNickiMinajhave.
Changeagent
Manyofhisfollowersaretalkingaboutthepope’srecentstatements.Hesayswomencanbeforgiveniftheyhaveanabortion.Healsowantstospeedtheannulmentprocess,sopeoplewhowanttoendamarriagemightbeabletodosoandremarryinthechurch.
AustenIverreighwroteabiographyofFranciscalled“TheGreatReformer:
FrancisandtheMakingofaRadicalPope.”HecallsFrancisachangeagent.But,theauthorsaysthepopeisnottryingtochangefundamentalchurchteachings.
“WhatIkeepsayingislook,he’safaithfulsonofthechurch,heisnotaboutchangingchurchdoctrineorteachings,he’saverystrongdefenderofcoreCatholicteachings.”
Mr.Iverreighsaysthepopewantsto“putthelovingmercyofGodfrontandcenter.”
IntheUnitedStates,attendanceinCatholicchurcheshasbeendeclining.ThePewResearchCenterestimatesthatfouroutof10AmericanadultswhowerebornCatholicnolongeridentifythemselvesasCatholic.
TheU.S.RomanCatholicChurchisalsostillsufferingfromthewoundsofasexscandal.Atleast300membersoftheCatholicclergyhavebeenconvictedofsexualassault,accordingtoBishopAccountabili
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