作物保护优秀论文6.docx
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作物保护优秀论文6.docx
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作物保护优秀论文6
IdentificationandscreeningtheresistancegermplasmstowheatFusariumheadblight
ResistantstrainderivedfromAgropyronintermedium(Host)P.Beauv.
Abstract:
Fusariumheadblight(FHBorscab),causedbyFusariumgraminearum,isaworldwideseriousdiseaseinwheat.ResistantcultivarscouldreducedamagefromFHB.ChinesewheatcultivarSumai3anditsderivativesrepresentthegreatestdegreeofresistancetoFHBknown.Inthestudy,kernelsofSumai3,ChineseSpring,SY95-7andother5strains(88lines)fromF6ofhybridsofYU25andMY11wereusedforresistancetestindoor.Theresultsshowedthat23linesofthesematerialsandstrain699displayedhighresistancetoFHBcrudetoxin.Therefore,thesematerialsshouldperformhighresistancetoFHBinfield,whathavealreadybeentestedbysingle-floretinoculation.TheywouldbeusefulinwheatresistancebreedingtoFHB.
Keywords:
Fusariumheadblight,resistance,FHBToxin,In-doorevaluation,newresistantresource
小麦赤霉病抗性种质资源筛选的鉴定
----来自中间偃麦草的抗性品种
摘要:
禾谷镰刀菌导致的小麦赤霉病是一种世界范围内的严重小麦病害。
培养抗性植株可以降低赤霉病带来的损害。
已知的具赤霉病抗性小麦品种中,中国小麦抗性品种苏麦3号以及其衍生品种表现出最高水平的抗性。
本研究通过对苏麦3号,中国春,SY95-7以及由YU25与MY11杂交后代第F6代种子(共5个株系88个单株)的室内鉴定,筛选出23个抗性较强的单株。
其中,综合各单株,抗性最强的为699株系。
因此,经过筛选得到的种子应在田间表现出一定水平的抗性。
这已经单花滴注法得到验证。
这些材料将在小麦赤霉病抗性育种中发挥重要作用。
关键词:
小麦赤霉病;抗性;禾谷镰刀菌素;室内鉴定;新抗源
1.Introduction
Fusariumheadblight(FHBorscab),causedbyFusariumgraminearum(Gibberellazeae),isawidespreaddiseaseincereals.Itisrecognizedasoneofthemostdestructivediseasesofwheatandbarleybecauseitcancausevastlossesofgrainyieldandquality[1-2].FHBcanalsocauseindirectlossbecausethefunguscontaminatesgrainwithpotentmycotoxins,especiallydeoxynivalenol(DON).DONcontaminationhasraisedseriousfoodsafetyconcerns.ThemaximumacceptableDONlevelsforhumanconsumptioninwheatgrainhavebeensetfrom0.5to2ppmintheUnitedStates,Canada,andsomeEuropeancountries.Grainwithalowlevelofthistoxinmaycommandalowerpriceorberejectedentirelyincommerce[3].
Althoughfungicideandculturalmethodscanreducethedamagetosomeextent,theeffectsarestillinadequate.Concerningabouttheeconomicandenvironmentaleffects,hostplantresistanceisconsideredtobethebestchoice.
ChinesewheatcultivarSumai3anditsderivativesrepresentthegreatestdegreeofresistancetoFHBknown[3].However,themod-resistancetohighresistanceofthesestrainsisstillnotenough.Researchersofwheatbreedingarestilllookingfornewresourcesthatimmunetothedisease.Meanwhile,mostoftheidentifiedsourceshaveageneticbackgroundwithinferioragronomicperformance,suchaslowyieldingpotential,tallplantheightandweaklodgingresistance.Hence,itisnecessarytofindoutnovelgermplasmlinesthatpossiblyhasstrongerresistancetoFHB.
TheresistancetoFHBinwheatiscontrolledbyseveralmajorgenesandmanyminorgenes[4].Thehistoryofmodernbreedinghasprovedthattheutilizationofonlyafewresourceswouldleadtoariskofnarrowgeneticbackgroundinbreedingprogrammes.Potenthostplantresistanceislikelytodependonassemblyoffavorablegenesfromdifferentsourcesofresistance.TobroadgeneticbasisofFHBresistance,besidesthecombinationofdifferentFHB-resistantgenesinwheat,manyresearchersstartedtobuildscabresistancefromotherspeciesinwheatinsteadofstifflydiscoverimmunestrainsofwheat.Consideringthatcurrentcultivarsofcommonwheatcontainslittleornogenesthatcanexpressresistancetoscab,whilesomewildrelativesofwheatarehighlyresistant[5].SomeofthesewildrelativessuchasLeymusracemosusLam.[6]arealreadydiscoveredandhavebeencrossedwithwheattotransfertheFHBresistanceintocommonwheatstrains.ThiswasfirstlydiscoveredbyMujeeb-KazifromInternationalMaizeandWheatImprovementCenterinMexicoandthenwidelystudiedbywheatbreeders[7],RoegneriakamojiOhwi,RoegneriaciliarisTrin[8].Althoughtheseimprovementsarenotyetreadyforgeneralcultivationbyfarmers[5],itcallsmoreattentiononbuildingresistanceinwheatbreeding.
Elytrigiaintermedia(Host)Nevski,asakindofwildrelativesofwheat,hasbeenwidelyusedinwheatbreedingasaresourceofitshighresistancetosomediseasesofwheatsuchasPowderyMildewDiseaseandstriperust.ItshighresistancetoFHBisrarelyreportedintheresearchofwheatbreeding.
ToidentifyifacandidateofFHBresistantresourcewillperformresistancewhencrossedwithcommonwheatstrains,twokindsofidentificationmethodsareemployedfrequently.Oneisindooridentification.SuchasembryoandinvitrocoleoptileinhibitionwithtoxintreatmentfromFHB[9].Theotheroneisoutdoortrialsuchassinglefloretandspikeinoculation[10].ItiswidelyusedtodeterminetheresistancetoFHBofwheatstrainswithtreatingseedswithscabpathogencrudetoxin(Gibberellazeae(Schw.)Petchcrudetoxin)toseetheeffectonthegrowthofradicleandacrospires[8][11].Throughthescreeningbyindoorevaluationusingthemethodabove,thisarticletendtofindoutanotherFHBresisitantgeneticsourcederivedfromElytrigiaintermedia(Host)Nevski.
2.MaterialsandMethods
2.1Plantmaterials
KernelsofSumai3(scab-resistantwheatmaterial),SY95-7,ChineseSpring(commonwheatmaterials)wereusedasknownsamplesforcompare.AllothermaterialswereoriginallyderivedfromhybridsofYU25andMY11,F_(4:
5)progenyofwhichhasbeenscreenedusingsingle-floretinoculation,wasdevelopedandassayedatSichuanAgriculturalUniversity.Thetestkernelswithstrainnumber696,699,658and693areF6ofthesehybridsthatperformedhighresistancetoFHBduringsigle-floretinoculationassaysinfield.Thetestkernelswithstrainnumber661areF6thatperformedhighlysusceptibletoFHBandbadagronomicperformance.
2.2EvaluationofFHBresistance
2.2.1Gibberellazeae(Schw.)Petchcrudetoxinextraction
ExtractionoftoxinsfromgrainwascarriedoutaccordingtoChenetal(1990)[12].Dry240gdiseasedgrainsofwheatscabat80oCinoven.Pulverizethedriedmaterialanddissolvethepowderin1300ml40%methanol.Putthesolutionatnormaltemperaturefor24hoursforstillclarification.Getthesupernate500mlanddistilitto150mlat65~75oC.Extracttheliquorforthreetimeswith300ml100%ethylacetateeachtime.Distiltheextractat77.2~78.5oCtogetridofethylacetate.Dissolvetherestoftheextractcompletelyin100%acetone.
2.2.2Kernelstreatmentwiththetoxin
AccordingtoXuetal.(1990)[8],thetoxininhibitthegrowthofbothembryobudsandembryorootsingeneralconditions.TakethekernelsofSumai3,SY95-7,ChineseSpring45grainseach,30forcontrolwhile15forthetreatment.Takethekernelsofour88lines(of5strains)15grainseach,10forcontrolwhile5forthetreatment.Puteachsetofmaterialsin176cleananddry100mmpetridisheswhichhavedoublepiecesoffilterpaperatthebottomsseparatelyandmarkeverypetridishwithseednameandnumber.Putequalwaterineachpetridish.Putthematerialsinnormaltemperatureandilluminationconditiontillmostofthekernelsaregerminated.
Putequalsolutionoftoxinand100%acetoneintreatmentandcontrolpetridishes,respectively.Putthematerialsinnormaltemperatureandilluminationconditiontillmostofthegerminatedkernelshaveobservableradiclesandacrospirebuds.
2.2.3DatacollectionandStatisticalanalysis
Mesureandrecordthelengthofcut-offedacrospirebudsandthreeofthelongestradiclesofeachgrainafter2days-growths.Doindependent-samplesTtestusingsoftwareStatisticalPackagefortheSocialSciences(SPSS13.0forWindows).
InhibitoryRate(IR)(%)=[A(CK)-A(TS)]/A(CK)×100%.
3.Results
Ingeneral,therearesomeobviousdifferencesofgrowthstatesbetweenkernelsthatontoxinconditionandcontrolones.Also,varyinglevelsofinfluenceexistundertoxintreatmentamongdifferentstrains.Inaddition,toxintreatedradiclesappearedabnormalascurlyinsteadofstraightwhichisperformedbycontrolradicles.(Figure1)
Fig.1Itiscoupleofsampleswith(A)andwithout(B)Gibberellazeae(Schw.)Petchcrudetoxintreatment.InpetridishA,embryorootsperformcurlyandshort.AndtheembryobudsinthispetridisharemuchshorterthanthoseinpetridishB.Atthesametime,theembryorootsinpetridishBarelongandstraightthatconsumingmorewaterthatthoseinpetridishA.
3.1Lengthofradiclesandacrospirebuds.
FHBtoxintreatmentusuallyinhibitsthegrowthofbothembryorootsandbuds[8].Thiskindofinhibitioncanbeeasilydiscoveredbyobservinglengthandgrowthshapesofradiclesandembryobudsontoxincondition.
AccordingtoTable1,line699-22,699-17,699-4,699-9;696-10,696-1,696-18,696-5,696-7,696-9,696-11;693-22,693-3,693-4,693-16,693-24;658-13,658-19,658-3,658-1,658-11,658-24;661-5.showedespecialhighresistancetothetoxin.
Table1AllstrainsoftheDepartmentofwheatseedradicleandplumuledealwithblankcontroldataresults
StrainsEmbryoRootsEmbryoBuds(cm)IR(%)
Longest(cm)Middle(cm)Shortest(cm)
±s
s2
±s
s2
±s
s2
±s
s2LongestMiddleShortest
Sumai#33.82±1.422.013.37±1.381.912.46±1.271.602.91±1.211.46-14.37-23.44-28.80
CK3.34±1.702.902.58±1.391.931.91±1.071.152.29±1.201.43IR(EmbryoBuds)-27.07
C.S.*3.70±1.031.062.93±0.980.962.39±0.920.852.12±0.930.8628.2927.3036.60
CK5.16±1.371.874.03±1.191.413.77±1.151.312.88±1.261.6026.39
SY95-73.01±1.111.222.20±1.081.171.50±0.900.801.68±0.720.5133.2642.4157.51
CK4.51±1.622.633.82±1.131.283.53±1.381.902.44±0.910.8331.15
699-102.85±0.640.412.20±0.140.02
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