宾语从句讲义.docx
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宾语从句讲义.docx
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宾语从句讲义
宾语从句
1、宾语从句的定义
什么是宾语从句?
宾语从句在主句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语,有些形容词也可以接宾语从句。
动宾:
Idon'tknowwhereheis.
介宾:
Wearetalkingaboutwhereheis.
双宾:
Tellmewhereheis.
形容词宾语:
I'mafraidthatheiswrong.
二、宾语从句三要素(只能是陈述句,疑问句)
引导词(连接词)
语序
时态
三、宾语从句的引导词及用法
引导词:
由从属连词that引导的宾语从句
由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句
由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what引导的宾语从句
由连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句
1.由that引导的宾语从句
that本身无意义,只起连接作用,在口语或者非正式文体中常省略,引导的是陈述句。
如:
e.g.
Ihear(that)he'llbebackinamonth.
HesaidthatKatewasgoodatswimming.
Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
2.whether/if引导宾语从句,意为“是否”,说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。
常用在ask,wonder,can(could)youtellme等后。
一般可以互换。
e.g.
Idon'tknowwhether/ifhewouldcome.
Heaskedmewhether/ifIlikedwatchingTV.
Iwanttoknowif(whether)hewillgototheparkwithus.
Iwonderwhetheritisgoingtorainornot.
Couldyoutellmewhether(if)MrLiliveshere?
注意:
if和whether引导宾语从句时一般可以互换,但是在下列情况下只能用whether不能用if:
(1)引导表语从句或者同位语从句
e.g.
Thequestioniswhetherthebookisworthreading.
注意:
要区分if意为“如果”,"是否"的情况
(2)在句首引导主语从句
e.g.
whetheryougoornotmattersalot.
(3)whether后可紧接不定式todo或ornot,if则不能。
e.g.
Ijustwonderwhetheritisgoodforusornot.
Theyaskedmewhethertogoskating.
Idon’tknowwhetherhe’sfreeornot.
MaryaskedwhetherIwasdoingmyhomeworkornot.
Tellmewhetheryou’dliketogoshoppingortidytheroom.
(4)在介词之后只能用whether不能用if。
e.g.
Itdependsonwhethershehasenoughmoney.
I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.
Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.
3、wh-及how系列引导宾语从句
即连接代词what,who,which,whom,whose
和连接副词when,where,why,how
以及
howmany,howmuch,howold,howfar,howlong,howoften,howsoon等。
连接代词和连接副词引导宾语从句时,要在句子中充当成分,具有一定的意义,不能省略。
e.g.
Idon'tknowwhoheis.
Idon'tknowwhysomanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.
Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.
Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?
Heaskedwhosebikewasthebestintheclass.
Doyouknowwhenwe'llhaveameeting?
练习
1.---Couldyoutellme________theschoolis?
---Walkalongthisstreet,andthenturnleftatthefirstcrossing.Itisjustoppositethepostoffice.
A.howbig B.what C.where D.how
2.Thisdependson_________theweatherisfine.
A.whichB.whetherC.ifD.That
3.Couldyoutellme youwerelateforthemeetingthismorning?
A.where B.why C.when
4.Canyoutellme ____ youwereborn,Betty?
A.who B.what C.whenD.that
5.Hesaid_________therewasgoingtobeameetingthatevening.
A.whatB.ifC.thatD.how
6.Idon'tknow________theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
7.Ihardlyunderstand._________hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.Who
8.Idon’tknow_________ornot?
A.WhetherheisathomeB.Ifheisathome
C.ThatheisathomeD.Whetherisathome
9.Idon’tknow_________hewillcometomorrow.________hecomes,I’lltellyou.
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;That D.if;If
3、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的基本结构为:
连接词+陈述语序,即:
连接词+主+谓
凡是助动词,情态动词,be动词在从句主语前面都要调到主语后面,若是助动词dodoesdid,要把它们去掉。
(1)陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句
“Youareagoodstudent,Tom”,hesays.
HesaysTomisagoodstudent.
Ibelievethattheywillcomesoon.
(2)一般疑问句变为由if/weather引导的宾语从句
Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?
”
Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.
HeaskedmewhetherIwasateacher.
(3)特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句
Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?
”
HeaskedwhereIlived.
Theywantedtoknowwhattheycandoforus.
“Howcanwegettothepostoffice?
”heasked.
Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepostoffice.
CanyoutellmehowIcangetgothestation?
Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?
练习题
1.SheaskedmeifIknew__________.
A.whosepenisit B.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitis D.whosepenwasit
2.MissLiwantstoknow_________ nextweek.
A.whenmyuncleleaves B.whenwillmyuncleleave
C.wheremyunclewillstay D.wheredoesmyunclestay
3.Couldyoutellme________withthemoney?
A.howtodo B.whatshouldIdo
C.howIshoulddo D.whatIshoulddo
4.Couldyoutellme________theradiowithouthelp?
A.howdidhemend B.whatdidhemend
C.howhemended D.whathemended
5.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
6.Couldyoutellme________?
A.wheredoyouliveB.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein
7.Whocantellme______?
A.whatisTom'sfatherB.wheredoesTomlive
C.howoldTomisD.whenwillTomcome
8.---Canyoumakesure_______thebooks?
---Sorry,Idon'tknow.
A.howhadJackputawayB.whereJackhasputaway
C.whendidJackputawayD.whywouldJackputaway
9.---Whatareyoutalkingabout?
---Wearediscussing_________.
A.whenwillwegoB.wherewillwego
C.whowillgowithusD.howwillwego
宾语从句特殊情况:
what,which,who做主语时,语序:
连接词(主)+谓语
1.---Whatareyoutalkingabout?
---Wearediscussing____.
A.whenwillwegoB.wherewillwego
C.whowillgowithusD.howwillwego
2.---Tellme______.
---Well,it'slike....
A.whatiswrongwithitB.whatisit
C.whatthematteriswithitD.whatisitlike
3.Thesmallchildrendon’tknow______.
A.whatistheirstockingsin B.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsin D.whatintheirstockings
4、宾语从句的时态
1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句的谓语动词可以用所需要的任何一种时态。
e.g.
Idon'tknowwhetherthewatchwasmadeinshanghai.
HehastoldmethathewillleaveforNewYorktomorrow.
2.如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,那么宾语从句的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态。
但是当宾语从句阐述的内容为客观真理或科学事实时,从句的谓语动词仍然要用一般现在时。
Heaskedtheboysiftheywantedthefriedchicken.
(宾语从句动作和主句动作紧接发生,从句用一般过去时)
Unclesaidthathewaswritinganewnovel.
(宾语从句动作和主句动作同时发生,从句用过去进行时)
Theteacheraskedthelittleboyifhehadfinishedhishomework.
(宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之前,从句用过去完成时)
Jackdidn'tknowtherewouldbeameetingtwodayslater.
(宾语从句动作发生在主句动作之后,从句用过去将来时)
Theteachersaidthemoonmovesaroundthesun.
Ourteachertoldusthattheearthisround.
(宾语从句的内容为科学事实,从句要用一般现在时)
练一练
1.Heaskedhisfather________.
A.whereithappens B.wheredidithappen
C.howithappened D.howdidithappen
2.Iwanttoknowhowlong.
A.hashebeenbackB.hashecomeback
C.hehasbeenbackD.hehascomeback
3.Doyouknow?
A.whatthenewsareB.whatisthenews
C.whatthenewsisD.whatarethenews
4.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidhegetB.whyhegets
C.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot
5.Couldyoutellme___?
语序和时态
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
6.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebe
C.hewillbeD.ifhewillcome
7.Pleasetellme______lastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkB.wheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksD.whereyoursisterworked
8.SheaskedmeifIknew________.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
综合练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1.DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
2.“Doesthegirlneedanyhelp?
”heaskedme.
3.Whendoesthetrainleave?
Iwanttoknow.
4.DidPetercomehereyesterday?
LiLeiwantstoknow.
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