宾语从句讲解和练习.docx
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宾语从句讲解和练习.docx
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宾语从句讲解和练习
宾语从句
一、宾语从句的连接词
1、 连词that,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略。
e.g.Heknew(that)heshouldworkhard.
2、 连词if、whether,它们起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,作“是否”解,在口语中多用if。
e.g.Tomdon’tknowif/whetherhisgrandpalikedthepresent.
HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.
一般情况下,if和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:
①在不定式前:
Whethertogothereornothasn’tbeendecided.
②在介词前:
Itdependson(依靠)whetheritisgoingtorain.
③与ornot连用:
Theyaretalkingaboutwhethertogothereornot.
3、 连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when,where,why,how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义。
e.g.Theteacheraskedthenewstudentswhichclasshewasin.
Iwonderwherehegotsomuchmoney.
【注意】
1、由连接代、副词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化。
e.g.Idon’tknowhowIshoulddowiththepresents.èIdon’tknowhowtodowiththepresents.
2、要注意区分判断由if、when引导的从句类型。
二、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序,即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
特别强调:
它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序,而不是疑问句的倒装结构。
Canyoutellmewho(m)dowehavetosee?
(╳)
Canyoutellmewho(m)wehavetosee?
(√)
Theteacheraskedthestudentswhattheyweredoing.(思考:
what在从句中的成分)
陈述句变为宾语从句时,要注意人称和时态的变化,语序不变。
e.g.Shesaid,“Iwillleaveamessageonthedesk.”àShesaidshewouldleaveamessageonthedesk.
一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。
e.g.“Wherearethetickets?
”Iaskedhim.àIaskedhimwheretheticketsare.
三.宾语从句的时态
1、主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.
她说她从周一至周五上班。
(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。
(从句是一般将来时)
2、主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
例句:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。
(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。
(从句是过去将来时)
3、当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
例句:
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.
她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播得快。
注意:
当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时,要把从句的否定转移到主句上。
I don't think he is going to help you with your English.
我认为他不会帮你学英语的。
这句话不可以翻译成:
I think he isn't going to help you with your English.
如果宾语从句有它的补语时,宾语从句用it代替,从句后置。
其句型为:
主语+谓语 + it +补语+宾语从句。
I think it necessary that we learn English grammar.
四.宾语从句的that在下列情况下一般不省略
1.宾语从句前有插入语。
如:
Wehope,onthecontrary,thathewillstayathomewithus.恰恰相反,我们希望他和我们呆在家里。
2.有间接宾语时。
如:
HetoldmethathewasleavingforJapan.他告诉我他要去日本。
3.that在与之并列的另一个宾语从句之后。
如:
Hesaid(that)thebookwasveryinterestingandthat(不省略)allthechildrenliketoreadit.他说那本书很有趣,所有小孩都喜欢读。
4.在“it(形式宾语)+补语”之后时。
如:
Ithinkitnecessarythatheshouldstayhere.我们认为他有必要留在这里。
5.that从句单独回答问题时。
如:
—Whatdidhehear?
他听说了什么事?
—ThatKatehadpassedtheexam.(他听说)凯特考试及格了。
6.在except等介词后。
如:
Hehasnospecialfaultexceptthathesmokestoomuch.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。
7.位于句首时。
如:
Thatourteamwillwin,Ibelieve.我相信我们队会赢。
8.在较为正式或不常用的动词(如reply,object)后。
如:
Herepliedthathedisagreed.他回答说他不同意。
为我们学习英语语法是必要的。
宾语从句的专项练习
一、选择最恰当的答案。
()1.WhatdidMikesay?
Hesaid________.
A.ifyouarefreethenextweekB.whatcolourwasit
C.theweatherisfineD.summercomesafterspring
()2.Tomaskedmyfriend________.
A.wherewashefromB.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon
C.whendidhecomebackD.nottobesoangry
()3.Letmetellyou________.
A.howmuchisthecarB.howmuchdoesthecarcost
C.howmuchdidIpayforthecarD.howmuchIspentonthecar
()4.Peterknew________.
A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebookB.whytheboyhadsomanyquestions
C.therewere12monthsinayearD.whentheywillleaveforParis
()5.Couldyoutellme________?
A.wheredoyoulive B.whoyouarewaitingfor
C.whowereyouwaitingfor D.whereyoulivein
()6.Ican'tunderstand________theboyalone.
A.whysheleft B.whydidsheleave
C.whyshehadleft D.whyhadsheleft
()7.Shetoldmethesun________intheeast.
A.rise B.rose C.rises D.hadrisen
()8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
A.whydidhegetB.whyhegetsC.whydoeshegetD.whyhegot
()9.Themanagercameuptosee________.
A.whatwasthematter B.whatthematterwas
C.whatthematteris D.what'sthematter
()10.Heaskedhisfather________.
A.whereithappensB.wheredidithappen
C.howithappened D.howdidithappen
()11.Noonetellsus________,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedo
C.howtodoit D.whattodoit
()12.Couldyoupleaseteachme________thecomputer.
A.howcheck B.tocheck C.howtocheck D.tohowchecking
()13.Theydon'tknow________theirparentsare.
A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which
()14.─Wheredoyouthink________he________theTVset?
─Sorry,I'venoidea.
A./,bought B.has,bought C.did,buy D.didbought
()15.Ourhomeworkhaschangedalot.Whocantell______itwouldbelikein______fiveyears.
A.how,another B.what,more C.how,other D.what,another
()16.─Couldyoutellme________?
─Yes.He________totheUSA.
A.whereishe/hasbeen B.whereheis/hasgone
C.whereisheD.wherehegone
()17.─Mikewantstoknowif________apicnictomorrow.
─Yes.Butifit________,we'llvisitthemuseuminstead.
A.youhave/willrain B.youwillhave/willrain
C.youwillhave/rains D.willyouhave/rains
()18.Ireallydon'tknowifshe________itwhenshe________.
A.finds/arrives B.finds/willarrive
C.willfind/willarriveD.willfind/arrives
()19.MissLiusaid________shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster’sdesk.
A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what
()20.Heaskedme________.
A.whowillkickthefirstgoalintheWorldCup
B.whenwastheAPECmeetingheld
C.whenChinabecameamemberoftheWTO
D.wherethe2008Olympicswillbeheld
()21.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper________WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.
A.thatB.howC.whatD.if
()22.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourteachersaidB.whatdidyourteachersay
C.yourteachersaidwhatD.whathasyourteachersaid
()23.Idon’tknow________.
A.whichroomIcanliveB.whichroomcanIlive
C.whichroomIcanliveinD.whichroomcanIlivein
()24.--Doyouknowwhenhe______back?
--Sorry,Idon’t.Whenhe_______back,I’lltellyou.
A.comes;comesB.comes;willcome
C.willcome;comesD.willcome;willcome
()25Thegirlsaskedifthey________somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
()26.Marysaidthatshe________toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
()27Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey________aPEclasstoday.
A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are
()28.Canyoutellme________youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
()29.Idon'tknow________theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
()30.Doyouknow________theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatB.whenCwhyDhow
二、用合适的连接词填空。
1.Jimtoldme________hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)
2.Doyouknow________elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?
(who,whom)
3.Shesaid________itwouldn'tmattermuch.(that,if)
4.Healwaysthinks________hecandobetter.(how,who)
5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)
6.Theydon'tknow________togoorwait.(if,whether)
7.Wearetalkingabout________we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)
8.Iwasreallysurprisedat________Isaw.(where,what)
9.Idon'tknow________somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how,why)
10.Doyouknow________youarestudyingfor?
(why,what)
Keys:
一、1-5:
DDDBB6-10:
ACDBC11-15:
CCBAD16-20:
BCDAC21-25:
DACCA26-30:
DCCBA
二、1.why2.who3.that4.how5.howsoon6.whether7.whether8.what9.why10.what
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