最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目 5.docx
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最新高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目 5.docx
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最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目5
最新高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobecomeshort-sightedinlatelife,astudyhasshown.
Asmanyasaquarterofallcasesofshort-sightednessarecausedbytoogreatanexposuretosunlightinthefirstweeksoflife,sayeyeexperts.
Theyareadvisingallparentstoputsunglassesontheirbabiesduringthefirstweeks.
Scientistshadalreadyestablishedthatover-exposuretosunlightcausedshortsightednessinanimals.
Researcherswhocomparedthemonthsinwhichbabieswerebornwithwhethertheyneededglasseslateronsaytheprinciplealsoappliestohumans.
Astudyofalmost300,000youngadults-thelargestofitskind-showedthatthoseborninJuneandJulyhada25percentgreaterchanceofbecomingseverelyshort-sightedthanthoseborninDecemberorJanuary.
ResearchleaderProfessorMichaelBelkin,ofTelAvivUniversity,saiditwasbecauseprolongedillumination(光照)causestheeyeballtolengthen-causingshort-sightedness.
Hencethemorelightanewbornisexposedto,themoretheeyeballlengthensandtheworsetheshort-sightednesswillbe.
Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.
Inyoungbabiesnotenoughmelatoninisreleasedasprotection,meaningtheyaremorevulnerabletosunburnandchangestoeyeballshape.
SightexpertProfessorDanielO'Leary,ofAngliaRuskinUniversityinCambridge,said"Atthemomentwedon'tknowtheprecisecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight,buttheevidenceseemstoprovethatitisoneofthereasonsforpeoplebecomingshortsighted."
(1)Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobeshortsighted____________.
A. becausethesummersunistoostrongforbabies
B. becausebabiesborninsummerhavelengthenedeyeballs
C. iftheyareexposedtoomuchsunlightinthefirstweeksaftertheyarebornD
ifparentsdon'tknowaproperwaytoprotecttheirbabies'eyes
(2)Melatoninisakindofmaterialto___________.
A. preventtheeyesfrombecomingnear-sighted
B. protecttheskinfromharmfulsunrays
C. makeourbodystrong D. protectbabies'eyesfromsummersun
(3)FromwhatProfessorDanielO'Learysayswecanconcludethat___________.
A. thereisnoevidencethatshortsightednessisrelatedtoexposuretosunlight
B. whetherlightexposureaffectssightstillneedstobefurtherproved
C. hebelievesthatlightexposurecancauseshortsightedness
D. hetriestogivethecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight
(4)Theunderlinedword"vulnerable"inthepassageprobablymeans__________.
A. easytobeharmed
B. resistant
C. protective
D. changeable
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼,眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段和第二段可知,眼科专家称:
在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼,因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据倒数第三段中的“Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin(褪黑激素),apigment(色素)whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.“可知,褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段可知,剑桥大学的 视学专家DanielO'Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。
故选C。
(4)考查词义猜测。
在婴幼儿时期,没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护,婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤,并且改变眼球的形状。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
ThirteenvehicleslineduplastMarchtoraceacrosstheMojaveDesert,seekingamillioninprizemoney.Towin,theyhadtofinishthe142-mileraceinlessthan10hours.Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart-drivers.
DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.Onehaditsbrakelockupinthestartingarea.Anotherbeganbythrowingitselfontoawall.Anothergottiedupbybushesneartheroadafter1.9miles.
Oneturnedupsidedown.Onetookoffinentirelythewrongdirectionandhadtobedisabledbyremotecontrol.Onewentalittlemorethanamileandrushedintoafence;anothermanagedtogoforsixmilesbutstuckonarock.The"winner,"iftherewasany,reached7.8milesbeforeitranintoalong,narrowhole,andthefrontwheelscaughtonfire.
"Yougetalotofrespectfornaturalabilitiesofthelivingthings,"saysReinholdBehringer,whohelpeddesigntwoofthecar-sizevehiclesforacompanycalledSci-Autonics."Evenants(蚂蚁)candoallthesetaskseffortlessly.It'sveryhardforustoputtheseabilitiesintoourmachines."
Theroboticvehicles,thoughwithnecessarymodernequipmentsuchasadvancedcomputersandGPSguidance,hadtroublefiguringoutfastenoughtheblocksaheadthatatwo-year-oldhumanrecognizesimmediately.Sure,thatveryyoungchild,whohasjustonlylearnedtowalk,maynotthinktowipeapplejuiceoffherface,butshealreadyknowsthatwhenthere'sacookieinthekitchenshehastoclimbupthetable,andthatwhenshegetstothecookieitwilltastegood.Sheismoreadvanced,evenmonthsold,thananymachinehumanshavedesigned.
(1)Watchersdoubtedifanyofthevehiclescouldfinishtheracebecause_____.
A. theydidnothaveanyhumanguidance
B. theroadwasnotfamiliartothedrivers
C. thedistancewastoolongforthevehicles
D. theprizemoneywasunattractivetothedrivers
(2)DARPAorganizedtheraceinorderto_____.
A. raisemoneyforproducingmoreroboticvehicles
B. pushthedevelopmentofvehicleindustry
C. trainmorepeopletodriveinthedesert
D. improvethevehiclesforfuturewars
(3)Fromthepassageweknow"roboticvehicles"areakindofmachinesthat_____.
A. candoeffortlesslywhatevertaskslivingthingcan
B. cantakepartinaraceacross142mileswithatimelimit
C. canshowofftheirabilitytoturnthemselvesupsidedown
D. canmovefromplacetoplacewithoutbeingdrivenbyhumanbeings
(4)Inthelastparagraph,thewriterimpliesthatthereisalongwaytogo______.
A. foraroboticvehicletofinisha142-mileracewithoutanydifficulties
B. foralittlechildwhohasjustlearnedtowalktoreachthecookieonthetable
C. foraroboticvehicletodealwithasimpleproblemthatalittlechildcansolve
D. foralittlechildtounderstandtheimportanceofwipingapplejuiceoffitsface
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了DARPA组织一次汽车越野比赛,目的是想改进未来战场上的机器人汽车,并介绍了这些机器汽车的优点和缺点。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Teamsandwatchersknewtheremightbenowinneratall,becausethesevehiclesweremissingakeypart-drivers.”车队和观众都知道可能根本没有赢家,因为这些车缺少了一个关键的部分司机。
可知,这些汽车都没有驾驶员。
故选A。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“DARPA,theDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency,organizedtheraceaspartofapushtodeveloproboticvehiclesforfuturebattlefields.”美国国防部高级研究计划局(DARPA)组织了这次比赛,作为推动未来战场机器人车辆发展的一部分。
可以推测,DARPA组织这次比赛是军事目的是想改进未来战争用车,故选D。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“ButtheGrandChallenge,asitwascalled,justprovedhowdifficultitistogetacartospeedacrossanunfamiliardesertwithouthumanguidance.”但这项被称为“大挑战”的项目恰恰证明了,在没有人类引导的情况下,让一辆汽车快速穿越一片陌生的沙漠是多么困难。
可以推断出“roboticvehicles”是一种不要人操作的汽车,故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“sheismoreadvanced...thananymachine...”可知机器远不如人的智力。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇介绍类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:
Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?
Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?
Avoidingtemptation(诱惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.
Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?
Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.
Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.
Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.
Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhea
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