商务英语名词解释.docx
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商务英语名词解释.docx
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商务英语名词解释
商务英语阅读名词解释
Chapter1
1.globalcompany:
acompanythatintegratesitsinternationalbizactivities.
2.Stable:
theentirerangeofproductsacompanyhasorproduces
3.Jointventure:
apartnershipthatisformedbytwoormorepartiescooperatinginsomespecialbizactivities.
4.Merger&acquisition:
combiningoftwoormoreentitiesthroughthedirectacquisitionbythenetassetsoftheother.
5.Consumermarket:
anorganizedgroupofbuyersandsellersofaparticularproductthatareaffectedbyitsdemandandsupply.
6.Distributionchannel:
alltheorganizationsandpeopleinvolvedinthephysicalmovementofgoodsandservicesfromproducertoconsumer.
7.Listedcompany:
acompanywhoseshareshavebeenquotedbytheStockExchange.
8.Marketingsavvy:
understandingandknowledgeofhowgoodsandservicesaremarketed.
9.Industrialcomplex(工业生产基地):
amanufacturingareathatconsistsofmanydifferentfactoriesturningoutdifferentproducts.
10.brandrecognition:
aproductorproductsthathasorhavebeenrecognizedandappreciatedbylocalconsumers.
11.specialtyshop:
anoutletthatdealsinorsellsaparticularlineofproducts.
12.householdname:
abrand,person,company,etc.thatisknowntoallorverypopularinaplace.
13.loss-maker:
abizthatcontinuallymakesnoprofit.
14.homecountry:
thecountryonwhichamultinationalcorporation’sHQsisbased.
15.quota:
arestrictiononthequantityofimportsofaparticularproductthatacountryimpose.
16.organizationalculture:
thecommonvalues,behaviorpatterns,institutions,andsoonamongemployeesofacorporation.
17.marketeconomy:
aneconomyinwhichthemarketisusedtodetermineresourceallocation,prices,andinvestments.
Chapter2
1.neweconomy:
adifferentformofeconomythatismainlysupportedbyITsectorandcharacterizedbyknowledge-basedeconomyinsteadofmanufacturing.
2.laborforce:
allofthepeopleinacountryorinaregionthatareemployedorarelikelytobeemployedinthefuture.
3.bubbleeconomy:
aneconomythatprimarilydependsonbanking,financialmarketandothertransientoperation.
4.venturecapital:
fundsthatareinvestedinnewplantsorhi-techstartupsopentolargeriskofloss.
5.bizcycle:
Aperiodoftimethatabizgoesthroughconsistsoffourstages---boom繁荣,recession衰退,depression萧条,recover复苏.
6.stockmarket:
astockexchangethatdealsinstocksandshares.
7.deregulation:
theendingoftheexistingsystemofregulations,especiallybythegovernment.
8.publicoffering:
anonexclusiveissuetothegeneralpubliceitherbondsorstockbyafirminordertoraisefunds.
9.bottleneck:
difficultiesorthingsthataremorelikelyhindernormalproductionorpreventsmootheconomicdevelopment.
10.informationtech信息技术:
alldevicesandknowledgethatarerequiredtomanageanykindofdata.
11.Treasurybill短期国债:
Ashort-termobligationoftheU.S.Treasury,havingamaturityperiodofoneyearorlessandsoldatadiscountfromfacevalue.短期国库券:
美国财政部发行的一种短期债券,一年或少于一年到期,以票面价值打折的形式出售.
Treasurybond:
长期国债T-bondshavematurity’sgreaterthan10years.
T-note:
中期国债hasmaturityrangingfrom2to5years.
12.bizplan:
futureactionstobetakenbyacompany,concerningproducts,production,market,investment,etc.
13.capitalstock:
Thetotalamountofstockauthorizedforissuedbyacorporation,includingcommonandpreferredstock.股本(总额):
由一个公司授权发行的股票的总数额,包括普通股和优先股.
14.productlifecycle:
atheorystatingthatcertainkindsofproductsgothroughacycleconsistingoffourstages,namely,introduction,growth,maturityanddecline.
15.junkbonds:
aninterest-bearingcertificateofdebtthatpromisestogiveahighyieldbutisissuedbyacompanywithlowcreditrating低信用等级.
16.Seedmoney=seedcapital启动资金:
theinitialequitycapitalusedtostartanewventureorbiz.
Chapter3
1.liquidity:
availablecashorthecapacitytoobtainitondemand.
2.exchangerate:
theamountofonecurrencythatcanbeboughtwithanother.
3.multinationalcompany:
averylargeorganizationthatownscompaniesinmorethanonecountryinordertoobtainlow-costrawmaterialsandmakeefficientuseofalocalworkforce.
4.benchmark:
astandardbywhichsomethingcanbemeasuredorjudged.
5.pricingpolicy:
aplanorstatementofpricessetbyanorganizationforitsproductsandservices.
6.moneymarket:
theinstitutionsandpracticesthroughwithshort-termfundsarechanneledtoborrowersandentrepreneurs.
7.capitalmarket:
aplacewheredealsaremaderelatingtolongterminvestmentneededbybusinessesandpublicauthorities.
8.collateral:
propertyoranitemofvalueacceptableassecurityforaloanorotherobligation.
担保物:
被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产
9.counterparty:
atermusedtoidentifythe“other”partyinatwo-partytransaction.
10.stockexchange:
amarketwherestocksandsharesareboughtandsoldunderfixedrules,butatpricesdeterminedbysupply&demand.
11.retail:
thesaleofgoodsorcommoditiesinsmallquantitiesdirectlytoconsumers.
12.cheque:
aprintedform,usedinsteadofmoney,tomakepaymentfromone’sbankaccount.
13.economicintegration:
theintegrationofcommercial&financialactivitiesamongcountriesthroughtheabolishment/cancellationofeconomicdiscrimination.
Chapter4
1.Dow-JonesIndustrialAverage:
anindexofthesharepricesquotedontheNewYorkStockExchangeforagroupof30leadingindustrialcompanies.
2.Bluechip:
astockthatsellsathighpricebecauseofpublicconfidenceinitslongrecordofsteadyearnings.
3.Nasdaq:
nationalassociationofsecuritiesdealersautomatedquotations
4.socialsecurity社会保障:
agovernmentprogramthatprovideseconomicassistancetopersonsfacedwithunemployment,disability,oragedness,financedbyassessment(税额)ofemployersandemployees.
5.taxdeduction:
anexpense费用thatataxpayerisallowedtodeductfromtaxableincome.
6.reinsurance:
thepurchaseofinsurancebyaninsurancecompanyfromanotherinsurance(reinsurer)toprovideitprotectionagainstlargelossesoncasesithasalreadyinsured.
7.policy:
保单theprintedlegaldocumentstatingthetermsofinsurancecontractthatisissuedtothepolicyholder投保人bycompany.
8.publicrelations:
PR,theactivityofkeepinggoodrelationshipsbetweenanorganizationandthepeopleoutsideit.
9.depression:
aperiodofdrasticdeclineinanationalorinternationaleconomy,characterizedbydecreasingbizactivity,fallingprices,andunemployment.萧条,不景气:
国家(或国际)经济不景气的一段时期,其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业
10.media:
ameansofmasscommunication,suchasnewspapers,magazines,radio,ortelevision.
11.recession:
Anextendeddeclineingeneralbusinessactivity,typicallythreeconsecutivequartersoffallingrealgrossnationalproduct.衰退:
经济活动普遍而持续地衰败,尤指三个连续季度的社会总产品净值的下降
Chapter5
1.Sanction:
thepenaltyfornoncompliancespecifiedinalawordecree.
2.Tradedeficit:
importsminusexportsofgoodsandservices.
3.Balanceoftrade贸易支付差额thevalueofcountry’sexportsminusthevalueofitsimports.
4.Downturn:
atendencydownward,especiallyinbizoreconomicactivity.
5.Speculation投机:
engagementsinriskybiztransactionsonthechancesofquickorconsiderableprofit.
6.Valueaddedtax:
anindirecttaximposedonconsumptionthatisreflectiveoftheincrementalincreasesonthevalueofgoodsthroughthechainofproduction,fromtherawmaterialphasetofinalconsumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税,它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。
7.Fairtrade:
tradethatconformstoafair-tradeagreement.
8.Subsidy补贴:
apaymentorcontributionpaidforthemanufacture,production,orexportofagoodorproduct.
9.Rebate减税,折扣adeductionfromanamounttobepaidorareturnofpartofanamountgiveninpayment.
10.taxexemption免税thefreedomforhavingtopaytax.
11.FDI外国直接投资thefundscommittedtoaforeignenterprise.Aninvestorwhobuys10percentormoreofthecontrollingsharesofaforeignenterprisemakesadirectinvestment.Theinvestormaygainpartialortotalcontroloftheenterprise.
12.FastTrack,alsoknownas“TradePromotionAuthority”快车道贸易促进权。
ItisabillthatgivesthePresidentauthoritytonegotiatetradepactswithothercountrieswithouttheamendmentofpactsfromCongresswhocanonlyvoteitforyesorno.
Chapter6
1.thefringe:
thosemembersofagrouporpoliticalpartyholdingextremeviews.
2.freetrade:
tradebetweennationswithoutprotectivecustomstariff.
3.mercantilist:
onwhobelievesinthepractice,methods,orspiritofcommercialism.
4.theanti-tradeleft:
theleftistswhoareagainstfreetrade.
5.quota:
agovt-imposedrestrictiononquantityorsometimeontotalvalueofimportsofgoodsandservices.
6.tariff:
dutiesoradutyimposedbyagovtonimportedorexportedgoods.
7.ideologicalgulf思想鸿沟:
alackofunderstandingbetweenpeoplewhohavedifferentviewsondifferentdoctrinesorbeliefs.
8.globalization:
theincreasingworldwideintegrationofmarketsforgoods,servicesandcapitalthatattractedspecialattentioninthelate1990s.
9.anti-dumpingduty:
tariffleviedondumpedimports.
10.tradeliberalization:
reductionoftariffsandremovalorrelaxationofnationaltradebarrier.
11.tradebarrier:
anybarrierthatmayimpedetheimportofgoods,suchasquota,testingorcertification执照授予.
12.importsubstitution:
进口替代astrategywhichemphasizesthereplacementofimportswithdomesticallymadegoods,ratherthantheproductionofgoodsforexport,toencouragethedevelopmentofdomesticindustry.
13.Diversion&appeasement转移与姑息apolicydivertingattentionawayfromopeningthedomesticmarketbyfocusingonexportsandforeignpolicygoals,andappeasingprotectionistsathomewithfai
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