宾语从句讲解和习题.docx
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宾语从句讲解和习题.docx
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宾语从句讲解和习题
【名师精讲】
一.宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或
形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用,无实在意义,可省。
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如:
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
二.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如:
Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
三.宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
如:
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:
Heaskedwhattimeitwas.
Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.
HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
例如:
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
【中考范例】
1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.(2004年北京市中考试题)
A.wheredoessheliveB.WhereshelivesC.wheredidsheliveD.whereshelived
【解析】答案:
D。
该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。
宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。
2.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?
(2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)
A.whendidhecomehomeB.wherehewouldplayfootball
C.ifhehadseenthefilmD.whyhedidn’twatchthegame
【解析】答案:
D。
该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。
主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
一.单项填空
1.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?
A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which
2.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.
A.whichisthewaytothemuseumB.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping
C.whatisthewaytothemuseumD.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping
3.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
4.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.
A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshome
C.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome
5.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?
A.howdoeshemendB.howhemends
C.howhemendedD.howdidhemend
6.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?
---Usuallyitcomesby4:
00.
A.howB.whereC.whenD.what
7.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?
---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.
A.howwecangettothepostofficeB.howcanwegettothepostoffice
C.howgettothepostofficeD.howcouldwegettothepostoffice
8.---CanIhelpyou?
---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?
A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwill
C.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit
9.Hewantedtoknow___________.
A.whetherhespeaksatthemeetingB.whenthemeetingwouldstart
C.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeetingD.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld
10.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?
---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.
A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisit
C.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit
11.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang?
A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhat
C.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat
12.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
13.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:
00tomorrow.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether
14.---Couldyoutellme____________?
---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.
A.whatdoeshesayatthemeetingB.whatdidhesayatthemeeting
C.whathesaysatthemeetingD.whathesaidatthemeeting
15.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?
---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.
A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing
C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing
16.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.
A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaursB.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn
C.whattheywilldowiththecomputersD.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted
17.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.
A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhadC.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad
18.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
二.根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子
1.李明说他对玩电脑游戏感兴趣。
LiMingsays______________interestedinplayingcomputergames.
2.我认为玛丽不回来了。
Idon’tthinkMary____________.
3.山姆给我说他准备去上海。
Samtoldmethathe______________forShanghai.
4.请你告诉我去钟楼怎麽走吗?
Couldyoutellme_______IcangettotheBellTower?
5.父亲说他买了一台新电脑。
Fathersaidthathe________________anewcomputer..
6.Doyouknow___________?
(谁正在唱歌)
7.Doyouknow___________?
(她正在和谁谈话)
8.Doyouknow___________?
(昨天发生了什么事)
1.在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可做介词的宾语。
eg,Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)
HeaskshimhowlongMikehasbeendown.(动词宾语)
MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)
2.宾语从句的引导词有三类:
(1) 以that引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导句形式的宾语从句,that可以省略。
eg,Theradiosays(that)thecloudswillliftlateron.
Shetoldme(that)shewouldliketogowithus.
(2) 以连接代词which,what,who等或连接副词how,where,why等引导的宾语从句,从句是陈述语序
eg,Couldyoutellmewhat'sthematterwithu?
Iwanttoknowhowsoonitwillbegin.
(3) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句,主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句,从句同样是陈述语序eg,Iwonderif/whetheruhavetoldthenewtoLiLei.
3.宾语从句的时态
(1) 当主句为一般现在时态、现在进行时态、或一般将来时态时,从句可用所需要的任何时态。
eg,Iwanttoknowwhattimehegotupthismorning.
Youaretellingmethatyouwon'tstopuntiltomorrow?
(2) 当主句为一般过去时态时,从句要用于过去有关的时态。
eg,TheyaskedwhatJeanwasdoingnow.
Lindasaidthatthetrainhadleft.
(3) 当从句表述的是客观真理或自然现象时,宾语从句要使用一般现在时。
eg,Lisaaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.
Pollysaidnonewsisagoodnews
注意:
一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外。
1. 当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether不用if
eg,Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwe'llgoonthepinic.
2. 引导词与动词不定式或not连用时,只用whether.
eg,Pleaseletmeknowwhattodonext.Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?
例题解析,举一反三
1. Theteacheraskedthestudents________.
A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn
C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted
解析:
宾语从句中从句应保持陈述语序,答案B首先删去,主句一般过去式,从句要用于过去有关的时态,删去答案C和D,答案A中的if意为如果.应选A
2. Couldyoutellme_______?
A. whatthematteriswithyou B.whatwasthematterwithyou
C.hat'sthematterwithyou D.what'sthewrongwithyou.
解析:
what是从句主语,what'sthematterwithyou本身就是陈述语序,因此删掉A;主句可看作是委婉的请求,是一般过去式,可删去答案B;wrong前不加the,因此此题选C.
3.Heaskedme_______Icouldsingthesong"MyHeartwillGoOn."
A.if B.weather C.what D.that
解析:
此句应选含疑问意思的关系代词,故删去D;weather意为天气,根据句意应选A.
4.Ourteachertoldusthatthemoon_________roundtheearth.
A.went B.turned C.go D.turns
解析:
从句是一个客观真理,因此从句的时态不受主句影响。
应选D
5.Itmakesnodifference__________.
A. whetherwillyoucometomorrow.B. Whetherornotwillbepasstheexam
C. IfhewillcometothemeetingornotD. Whetherhewillcometothemeetingornot
解析:
答案A和B从句不是陈述语序先删掉,if不能与not连用。
因此此题选D
6.Theydon'tknow_______theirparentsare.
A.that B.what C.why D.which
解析:
what表示职业,因此选B.
7.Iamsure_______yousaidistrue.
A.what B.that C.which D.who
解析:
根据句意应用what,做said的内容,你所说的话。
应选A.
8.Theoldmantoldus_______and________.
A.todowhat,todohow B.whattodoit,howtodoit
C.whattodo,howtodoit D.whattodo,howtodo
解析:
疑问词what即连接不定式,又做do的宾语;而在how引导的不定式短语中,how表示方式,do为及物动词,因此需接宾语才正确。
应选C
练习与巩固:
1.---DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup________nextweek?
---NextFriday.Whenit ________,Iwillringyou.
A.begins,begins B.begins,willbegin C.willbegin,willbegin D.willbegin,begins
2.---Todayortomorrow?
---Whatareyoutalkingabout?
---Wearetalkingabout_______togiveatalkonWTO.
A.how B.where C.when D.what
3.Iwonder_________.
A.wheredoeshelive B.whereheliveC.heliveswhere D.wherehelives
4.---Areyou sureyouhaveto?
It'sbeenverylate.
---Idon'tknow_____Icandoitifnotnow.
A.where B.why C.when D.how
5.---Wouldyoupleasetellme_________?
---InasmallvillagenearNiingbo.
A.wherewasyourmotherborn B.whereyourmotherwasborn
C.whenwasyourmotherborn D.whenyourmotherwasborn
6.Thephotographwillshowyou________.
A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike B.whatourvillagelookslike
C.howdoesourvillagelooklike D.howourvillagelookslike
7.---Canyouguessifthey_______toplaybasketballwithus?
---Ithinkthey'llcomeifthey_________free.
A.willcome,willbe B.willcome,are C.come,are D.come,willbe
8.---Wheredoeshecomefrom?
---Pardon?
---Iaskedwhere_________.
A.didhecomefrom B.hecamefrom C.hecomesfrom D.doeshecomefrom
9.Shewondered__________.
A.howmuchhecostthecomputer B.howmuchhepaidforthecomputer
C.howmuchthecomputerwillcosthim D.howmuchdidhespendonthecomputer
10.---Doyouknow________?
---I'mnotsure.Maybeheisa businessman.
A. whoheis B.whoishe C.whathedoes D.whatdoeshedo
一,引导词
A,由that引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等动词后。
连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例:
Itoldhimthathewaswrong.
l在
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