使役动词的用法及练习.docx
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使役动词的用法及练习.docx
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使役动词的用法及练习
使役动词的用法及练习
英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是make,have,let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者.(注:
英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.)
1使役动词have,let,make(常用于复合结构)
1.1have的用法
1).have+宾语+省to不定式:
表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will,would连用,不用于被动结构.
Therichladyhadthesingereatwithhisservants.
Iwillhavehimcomeandhelpyou.
2).have+宾语+现在分词:
表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事.
Thetwocheatshadthelightsburningallnightlong.
Hehaduswaitingforhimthreehoursyesterday.
IhavethemalltalkingtoeachotherinEnglish.我鼓励他们用英语交谈.
3).have+宾语+过去分词:
表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.
TomsaidhehadhadhisTVsetrepaired.
Tomhadhiswalletstolenonthebusyesterday.
“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1)的区别所在.试比较:
Haveyouwashedyourclothes?
你洗了衣服了吗?
(自己洗)
Haveyouhadyourclotheswashed?
你叫人洗了衣服了吗?
(别人洗)
4).have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补
Pleasehaveyourticketsready.
TheEmperorhadnothingon.
IamsureI
’llhavehimintheargument.
1.2let的用法
1).let+宾语+省to不定式:
表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.
Letthemstayintheclassroomanddotheirexercisesthemselves.
LetABbeequaltoCD.假设AB等于CD.
2).let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补
Letmeinandletthemout.
Wholetyouintothebuilding?
3.make的用法
1).make+宾语+省to不定式:
表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补.
Theteachermadethenaughtyboystandthereforanhour.
Thenaughtyboywasmadetostandthereforanhour.
2).make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.
Heraisedhisvoicetomakehimselfheard.
CanyoueasilymakeyourselfunderstoodinEnglish?
Theywillmakeanimportantplanknowntothepublicsoon.
3).make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句.
Thenewsmadeherhappy.
Hemadeitclearthatheobjectedtotheproposal.
2“半使役动词”amaze,astonish等
“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作为形容词使用.但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高,业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点,易混易错点,而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受.半使役动词之所以得名,一则它们的意义都有“使某人感到……”,再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词let,have,make等区别开来.
2.4常见的半使役动词
amaze(使某人感到惊呀),astonish(使某人感到惊奇),
bore(使某人感到厌倦),complicate(使某人感到复杂),
confuse(使某人感到迷惑),disappoint(使某人感到失望),
delight(使某人感到高兴),discourage(使某人感到气馁),
distinguish(使某人感到显著),excite(使某人感到兴奋),
encourage(使某人感到鼓舞),exhaust(使某人感到疲倦),
frighten(使某人感到恐惧),interest(使某人感到有趣),
inspire(使某人感到刺激),move(使某人感到激动),
please(使某人感到高兴),puzzle(使某人感到不解),
satisfy(使某人感到满意),surprise(使某人感到惊异),
shock(使某人感到震惊),strike(使某人感到震动),
tire(使某人感到疲惫),upset(使某人感到迷惑不解),等等.
2.2半使役动词的主动式用法:
something+Vt.+somebody
如:
Whatsurprisedhimmostwasherbravery.HisbravedeedsmovedChina.
Theexamresultsatisfiedhisparents.Theboy
’sbehaviorupseteverybodyaround.
2.3半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成
如:
interest----interesting,interested;astonish----astonishing,astonished;
please----pleasing,pleased,pleasant;satisfy----satisfying,satisfied,satisfactory.
2.4半使役动词的v-ing和v-ed两个分词形容词的用法也有规律
一般而言,作定语时,v-ing分词形容词修饰事物,v-ed分词形容词修饰人或者人的心理活动,表情等;作表语或宾语补足语时,v-ing分词形容词指事;v-ed分词形容词指人或拟人用法.而且作表语的v-ed分词后接事时常有一个介词.如:
Thefilmwesawlastnightwasveryinteresting.
Wewereallinterestedinthefilm.
Thefrighteninghurricanemadethegirlveryfrightened.
Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththeanswerofhisstudents.
3使役意义状态动词get,leave,set,send,keep,drive,etc.常用于复合结构中
3.1get使成为/变得某种状态或结果(get的用法跟have很接近)
Ican’tgettheoldradiotowork.我无法让那旧收音机工作起来.(接带to不定式作宾补)
Canyoureallygetthatoldcargoingagain?
你真能让那旧车运转起来吗?
Thefarmergothisplantingdonebeforetheraincame.那农民在雨季前完成了种植.
Hegothiswristbroken.他折断了手腕.(主语发生了不幸的事)
Shesoongotthechildrenreadyforschool.她迅速使孩子们做好了上学准备.
3.2leave使保持/处于某种状态
Leaveyourhatandcoatinthehall.把帽子和外套放在大厅里.
Didyouleavethedoorsandwindowsfirmlyfastened?
你把门窗紧紧锁上了吗?
Alwaysleavethingswhereyoucanfindthemagain.总应把东西放在能再次找到的地方.
Wholeftthatwindowopen?
谁让窗户开着?
Don
’tleavehimwaitingoutsideintherain.别让他在外面雨中等待.
Leavesomebody/somethingalone.不要干涉某人或某事.
Leavewellalone.事情已经够好了,不要再去管它了.//不要画蛇添足.
3.3set使某人或某物处于或达到某种特殊的状态或关系
setsomebodyathisease使某人安逸/舒适/心情放松
setsomethinginorder使某物井然有序
setsomebodyfree/atliberty使某人获得自由,释放(犯人等)
It’stimewesetthemachinegoing.是我们发动机器的时候了.
Thenewssetmethinking.这消息使我陷入了沉思.
Hesetthefarmlaborertochopwood.他让农场工人去砍伐木材.
IhavesetmyselftofinishthejobbytheendofMay.我决心于五月底前完成那工作.
setathieftocatchathief.以毒攻毒;令贼捉贼
3.4send使某人或某物急剧地移动
Theearthquakesentthecrockeryandcutlerycrashingtotheground.地震将杯盘刀叉震落在地上.
Mindhowyougo----younearlysentmeflying.小心点,你差点将我撞飞了.
Sendthatfellowabouthisbusiness/packing.叫那家伙滚蛋.
Thegoodharvestsentthepricesdown.丰收使物价下跌.
3.5drive使某人处于某状态,迫使某人做某事
Failuredrovehimtodespair/desperation.失败使他绝望.
You’lldrivememad/tomywits’end.你会把我气疯的./你会使我穷尽应付的.
Hungerdrovehimtosteal.=Hewasdrivenbyhungertosteal.他为饥饿所迫而偷窃.
3.6keep使某人或某物保持某种状态
Youshouldkeepthechildrenquiet.你要使孩子们静下来.
Thecoldweatherkeptusindoors.寒冷的天气使我们待在家里.
Ifyourhandsarecold,keeptheminyourpockets.如果你手冷,把它们放在口袋里.
Willtheykeepmeinprison/custody.他们会监禁/拘留我吗?
I’msorryI’vekeptyouwaiting.很报歉让你久等了.
Thedoctorsmanagedtokeepmegoing.医生们设法让我活下去.
4使役意义动态动词
4.1cause致使,导致(能接直接宾语,双宾语,复合宾语)
Whatcausedhisdeath?
什么导致了他的死亡?
Thishascausedusmuchanxiety.这给我们带来了极大的忧虑.
Whatcausedtheplantstodie.(=whatmadethemdie.)什么使得这些植物枯死.
Hecausedtheprisonertobeputtodeath.(=hehadthemputtodeath.)他使得这些犯人被处死.
4.2force迫使,强迫(宾语后常接介词短语、副词及不定式等)
forceone’swaythroughacrowd从人群中挤出一条路来.
forceawayin/out/through冲入/出/过
forceanentryintoabuilding强行进入一建筑
forcethewaruponhim强迫某人作战
forcesomeoneintodoingsomething强迫某人做某事
forcesb./oneselftoworkhard迫使某人/自己努力工作
英语中使役动词的用法较复杂,上面仅就常见常用类作一小结,以供大家参考,还有一些类型可能未被总结出来,初中部分一haveletmake为重
使役动词练习
一 、单项选择
1.I have heard both teachers and students ____well of him.
A to speak B spoken C to have spoken D speak
2.They are going to have the serviceman____ an electric fan.
A install B to install C to be installed D installed
3.They’ll have you _____if you don’t pay your taxes.
A to be arrested B arrest C arrested D being arrested
4.They know her very well. They had seen her ___up
A grow B grew C was growing D to grow
5.Is this fridge____you wish to have _____?
A the one, it repaired B that, repaired it
C the one, repaired D which, repaired
6.When visiting a foreign country, I sometimes found it difficult ____.
A making understand me B to make myself understood
C to make myself understand
7.---Good morning, Can I help you?
---I’d like to have this package _____,madam
A be weighed B to be weighed C to weigh D weighed
8.The speaker raised his voice but still could not make himself ____.
A hear B having heard C hearing D heard
9.Jane was made to _____the truck for a week as a punishment.
A to wash B washing C to be washing D wash
10.The missing boys were last seen ____near the river.
A playing B to be playing C play D playing
11.The police were told that some boys were seen ___on the street.
A playing B to be playing C play D toplaying
12.Paul doesn’t have to be made ______.He always works hard.
A to learn B learn C learned D learning
13.Ellen was absent this morning, she had her teeth _____.
A filling B filled C to fill D fill
14.The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see ___the next door.
A carry out B carrying out C carried out D to carry out
15.If you want to buy an expensive camera, we have several models ___.
A to be chosen B to choose from
C to choose D for choosing
16.The examiner made us ____our identification in order to be admitted to the text center.
A showing B show C showed D to show
17.We were told to have our reading room ____after school.
A clean B to clean C cleaning D cleaned
18.They made a fire ___up the room, as soon as their leader came back.
A warm B warmed C to warm D warming
19.I often noticed the boy ___school alone very soon.
A leave B left C leaving D to notice
20.The people’s government does it best to having the living standard of the people ____.
A risen B raise C rise D raised
21.----Your brother looks tired, What’s wrong with him ?
----Well, that’s because his boss had him ____all day.
A works B to work C working D worked
22.Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ____in a short period.
A improved B improving C to improve D improve
23.Did you notice the little boy ____away?
A took the candy and run B taking the candy and run
C take the candy and run D when taking and running
24.I smell something ___in the kitchen, can I call you back in a minute?
A burning B burnt Cbeing burnt D to be burnt
二、用所给动词适当形式填空
1 He didn’t pass the exam..I found him ________________(frustrate)
2I like my Chinese teacher.He always makes his classes (interest)
3.Jim noticed a purse ____________(lie) on the ground on his way to school.
4.The boy saw a basket ____________(hang) in the tree.
5.My father usually gets me __________(water) the plant.
6.The teacher was angry. He kept the boy ___________(stand) there.
7.Let the little girl ___________(sit) down.
8.When the teacher came inI noticed him ___________(smile).
9.I saw the light ________(亮着)and the door _________.(关着).
10.His mother’s bike is broken. She will have it _________(repair).
11.The students are often made _______(take) different extra classes after school.
12.He was often heard _________(sing)
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