考研英语.docx
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考研英语.docx
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考研英语
2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
(二)试题
SectionI UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
Giventheadvantagesofelectronicmoney,youmightthinkthatwewouldmovequicklytothecashlesssocietyinwhichallpaymentsaremadeelectronically. 1 atruecashlesssocietyisprobablynotaroundthecorner.Indeed,predictionshavebeen 2 fortwodecadesbuthavenotyetcometofruition.Forexample,BusinessWeekpredictedin1975thatelectronicmeansofpaymentwouldsoon"revolutionizethevery 3 ofmoneyitself,"onlyto 4 itselfseveralyearslater.Whyhasthemovementtoacashlesssocietybeenso 5 incoming?
Althoughelectronicmeansofpaymentmaybemoreefficientthanapaymentssystembasedonpaper,severalfactorswork 6 thedisappearanceofthepapersystem.First,itisvery 7 tosetupthecomputer,cardreader,andtelecornmunicationsnetworksnecessarytomakeelectronicmoneythe 8 formofpaymentSecond,papercheckshavetheadvantagethatthey 9 receipts,somethingthaimanyconsumersareunwillingto 10 .Third,theuseofpaperchecksgivesconsumersseveraldaysof"float"-ittakesseveraldays 11 acheckiscashedandfundsare 12 fromtheissuer'saccount,whichmeansthatthewriterofthecheckcancaminterestonthefundsinthemeantime. 13 electronicpaymentsarcimmediate,theyeliminatethefloatfortheconsumer.
Fourth,electronicmeansofpaymentmay 14 securityandprivacyconcerns.Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformation 15 there.Thefactthatthisisnotan16occurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand 17 fromsomeoneelse'saccounts.The 18 ofthistypeoffraudisnoeasytask,andanewfieldofcomputerscienceisdevelopingto19 securityissues.Afurtherconcernisthattheuseofelectronicmeansofpaymentleavesanelectronic 20 thatcontainsalargeamountofpersonaldata.Thereareconcernsthatgovernment,employers,andmarketersmightbeabletoaccessthesedata,therebyviolatingourprivacy.
1.[A]However [B]Moreover [C]Therefore [D]Otherwise
2.[A]off [B]back [C]over [D]around
3.[A]power [B]concept [C]history [D]role
4.[A]reward [B]resist [C]resume [D]reverse
5.[A]silent [B]sudden [C]slow [D]steady
6.[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]on
7.[A]imaginative [B]expensive [C]sensitive [D]productive
8.[A]similar [B]original [C]temporary [D]dominant
9.[A]collect [B]provide [C]copy [D]print
10.[A]giveup [B]takeover [C]bringback [D]passdown
11.[A]before [B]after [C]since [D]when
12.[A]kept [B]borrowed [C]released [D]withdrawn
13.[A]Unless [B]Until [C]Because [D]Though
14.[A]hide [B]express [C]raise [D]ease
15.[A]analyzed [B]shared [C]stored [D]displayed
16.[A]unsafe [B]unnatural [C]uncommon [D]unclear
17.[A]steal [B]choose [C]benefit [D]return
18.[A]consideration [B]prevention [C]manipulation [D]justification
19.[A]copewith [B]fightagainst [C]adaptto [D]callfor
20.[A]chunk [B]chip [C]path [D]trail
SectionII ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
Text1
Inanessayentitled“MakingItinAmerica”,theauthorAdamDavidsonrelatesajokefromcottonaboutjusthowmuchamoderntextilemillhasbeenautomated:
Theaveragemillonlytwoemployeestoday,”amanandadog.Themanistheretofeedthedogistheretokeepthemanawayfromthemachines.”
Davidson’sarticleisoneofanumberofpiecesthathaverecentlyappearedmakingthepointthatthereasonwehavesuchstubbornlyhighunemploymentanddecliningmiddle-classincomestodayisalsobecauseoftheadvancesinbothglobalizationandtheinformationtechnologyrevolution,whicharemorerapidlythaneverreplacinglaborwithmachinesorforeignworker.
Inthepast,workerswithaverageskills,doinganaveragejob,couldearnanaveragelifestyle,But,today,averageisofficiallyover.Beingaveragejustwon’tearnyouwhatitusedto.Itcan’twhensomanymoreemployershavesomuchmoreaccesstosomuchmoreaboveaveragecheapforeignlabor,cheaprobotics,cheapsoftware,cheapautomationandcheapgenius.Therefore,everyoneneedstofindtheirextra-theiruniquevaluecontributionthatmakesthemstandoutinwhateveristheirfieldofemployment.
Yes,newtechnologyhasbeeneatingjobsforever,andalwayswill.Butthere’sbeenanacceleration.AsDavidsonnotes,”Inthe10yearsendingin2009,[U.S.]factoriesshedworkerssofastthattheyerasedalmostallthegainsoftheprevious70years;roughlyoneoutofeverythreemanufacturingjobs-about6millionintotal-disappeared.
Therewillalwaysbechanged-newjobs,newproducts,newservices.ButtheonethingweknowforsureisthatwitheachadvanceinglobalizationandtheI.T.revolution,thebestjobswillrequireworkerstohavemoreandbettereducationtomakethemselvesaboveaverage.
Inaworldwhereaverageisofficiallyover,therearemanythingsweneedtodotosupportemployment,butnothingwouldbemoreimportantthanpassingsomekindofG.I.Billforthe21stcenturythatensuresthateveryAmericanhasaccesstopoet-highschooleducation.
21.ThejokeinParagraph1isusedtoillustrate_______
[A]theimpactoftechnologicaladvances
[B]thealleviationofjobpressure
[C]theshrinkageoftextilemills
[D]thedeclineofmiddle-classincomes
22.AccordingtoParagraph3,tobeasuccessfulemployee,onehasto______
[A]workoncheapsoftware
[B]askforamoderatesalary
[C]adoptanaveragelifestyle
[D]contributesomethingunique
23.ThequotationinParagraph4explainsthat______
[A]gainsoftechnologyhavebeenerased
[B]jobopportunitiesaredisappearingatahighspeed
[C]factoriesaremakingmuchlessmoneythanbefore
[D]newjobsandserviceshavebeenoffered
24.Accordingtotheauthor,toreduceunemployment,themostimportantis_____
[A]toacceleratetheI.T.revolution
[B]toensuremoreeducationforpeople
[C]roadvanceeconomicglobalization
[D]topassmorebillsinthe21stcentury
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?
[A]NewLawTakesEffect
[B]TechnologyGoesCheap
[C]AverageIsOver
[D]RecessionIsBad
Text2
Acenturyago,theimmigrantsfromacrosstheAtlanticincluedsettlersandsojourners.AlongwiththemanyfolkslookingtomakeapermanenthomeintheUnitedStatescamethosewhohadnointentiontostay,and7millinpeoplearrivedwhileabout2milliondeparted.AboutaquarterofallItalianimmigrants,forexanmle,eventuallyreturnedtoItalyforgood.Theyevenhadanaffectionatenickname,“uccellidipassaggio,”birdsofpassage.
Today,wearemuchmorerigidaboutimmigrants.Wedividenemcomersintotwocategories:
legalorillegal,goodorbad.WehailthemasAmericansinthemaking,orourbrokenimmigrantionsystemandthelongpoliticalparalysisoverhowtofixit.Wedon’tneedmorecategories,butweneedtochangethewaywethinkaboutcategories.Weneedtolookbeyondstrickdefinitionsoflegalandillegal.Tostart,wecanrecognizethenewbirdsofpassage,thoselivingandthrivinginthegrayareas.Wemightthenbegintosolveourimmigrationchallenges.
Croppickers,violinists,constructionworkers,entrepreneurs,engineers,homehealth-careaidesandphysicistsareamongtoday’sbirdsofpassage.Theyareenergeticparticipantsinaglobaleconomydrivenbytheflowofwork,moneyandideas.Theyprefertocomeandgoasopportunitycallsthem,Theycanmanagetohaveajobinoneplaceandafamilyinanother.
Withorwithoutpermission,theystraddlelaws,jurisdictionsandidentitieswithease.WeneedthemtoimaginetheUnitedStatesasaplacewheretheycanbeproductiveforawhilewithoutcommittingthemselvestostayingforever.Weneedthemtofeelthathomecanbebothhereandthereandthattheycanbelongtotwonationshonorably.
Accommodatingthisnewworldofpeopleinmotionwillrequirenewattitudesonbothsidesoftheimmigrationbattle.Lookingbeyondtheculturewarlogicofrightorwrongmeansopeningupthemiddlegroundandunderstandingthatmanagingimmigrationtodayrequiresmultiplepathsandmultipleoutcomes.Includingsomethatarenoteasytoaccomplishlegallyintheexistingsystem.
26“Birdsofpassage”referstothosewho____
[A]immigrateacrosstheAtlantic.
[B]leavetheirhomecountriesforgood.
[C]stayinaforegintemporaily.
[D]findpermanentjobsoverseas.
27Itisimpliedinparagraph2thatthecurrentimmigrationstystemintheUS____
[A]needs
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