雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义.docx
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雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义.docx
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雅思写作第一节课课堂讲义
Unit1雅思IELTS考试写作简介
雅思考试写作部分在听力和阅读后进行,由两部分组成,TASK1和TASK2。
要求考生在60分钟内完成两篇文章的写作。
普通培训类和学术类考生在写作的考试内容上有一些区别。
两类写作TASK2题目类型基本相同,考试的结构和要求也大体相同,要求在40分钟完成250字左右的议论文。
类似英美国家学校里任课教师布置的课堂讨论作文。
一般要求考生根据自己的知识和经验就一个现象阐明自己的态度和见解,或就一个观点发表自己赞同或反对的观点。
学术类写作TASK1(ACADEMICTRAININGMODULE)要求考生对题目中给出的各类图表加以观察和分析,并根据已知的图表和资料写一篇不少于150字的小短文。
考得较多的有曲线图、柱状图、饼状图、表格、饼图等。
也有可能考到两种不同种类的图。
另外,流程图和示意图也偶尔考到。
时间20分钟。
普通培训类写作TASK1(GENERALTRAININGMODULE)则要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封信.到目前为止,出现较多的书信种类有投诉信、请求信、建议信、寻找失物信、邀请信等。
20分钟内完成150个字的文章。
总之,就题目的难度而言,GENERALTRAININGMODULE普通类写作比ACADEMICTRAININGMODULE学术类写作稍微简单一些。
评分标准
Theexaminerreadsyouranswerandawardsbandscoreofbetween1(didnotanswerthequestion)and9(nativespeaker-like)accordingtothesecriteria:
∙1.TaskResponse(i.e.howfullyandappropriatelythecandidatehasansweredallpartsofthetask;theextenttowhichthecandidate'sideasarerelevant,developedandsupported;theextenttowhichthecandidate'spositionisclearandeffective)
∙2.CoherenceandCohesion(i.e.howwelltheinformationandideasareorganizedandpresentedi.e.paragraphing;howwelltheinformationislinked)
∙3.LexicalResource(i.e.therangeofvocabularyused,howaccuratelyitisusedandhowappropriateitisforthetask)
∙4.GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy(i.e.therangeofstructuresused,howaccuratelytheyareusedandhowappropriatetheyareforthetask)
Thebandscoresarethenaddedtogetherdividedby3androundedtodetermineyourbandscoreforthistask.
◆WritingOverallBand=1/3*Task1+2/3*Task2
Forexample:
Task1=6
Task2=7
OverallBand=1/3*6+2/3*7=6.5
Unit2曲线图
1.描述上升的单词
increaserisegrowgoup
词汇升级:
creepup≤10edgeup10easeup20
boom30surge45soar60swell70escalate80rocket90
2.描述下降的单词
Decreasedropdeclinefallgodowndwindle
词汇升级:
creepdown≤10edgedown10easedown20
ebb30subside45slump60collapse70plunge80plummet90
3.描述波动的单词
fluctuate---fluctuationgoupanddownriseandfall
例:
SalesofComputers1995
TherewasaslightgrowthinthesalesofcomputersfromJantoFeb.However,it(culminatedinabout90)/(increaseddramaticallytoapeak)inthenextmonth.Afterthat,therewasanupward/downwardtrendinsalesbetweenMarandAug,whichleveledoff/bottomedoutbytheendofDec.
Task1每部分的结构:
例题分析example1
WRITINGTASK1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask
ThegraphbelowshowsthenumberofpassengersinaLondonundergroundstationatdifferenttimesoftheday.
Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
NumberofpassengersataLondonundergroundstation
ThelinegraphillustratesthefluctuationinthenumberofpeopleataLondonundergroundstationoverthecourseofaday.Inadaybetween6:
00and22:
00
开头段三种万能方法:
①改单词②换句型③加信息
Thebusiesttimeofthedayisinthemorning.Thereisasharpincreasebetween06:
00and08:
00,with400peopleusingthestationat8o'clock.Afterthisthenumbersdropquicklytolessthan200at10o'clock.Between11amand2pmthenumberrises,withaplateauofjustunder300peopleusingthestation.
Intheafternoon,numbersdecline,withlessthan100usingthestationat4pm.Thereisthenarapidrisetoapeakofapproximately380at6pm.
After7pm,numbersfallsignificantly,withonlyaslightincreaseagainat8pm,tailingoffafter9pm.
Overall,thegraphshowsthatthestationismostcrowdedintheearlymorning(around08:
00)andearlyevening(around18:
00)periods.
例题分析2:
Sample2
WRITINGTASK1---“例2”
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask
ThegraphbelowshowstheannualamountoffishcaughtinNorthAmericafrom1972to2000.
Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
linegraphwithtwolines
ThegraphrevealschangesinfishcatchesfortheUSandCanadaoverthelast30years.
Between1975and1981,USfishcatchesaveragedbetween2.5and2.75milliontonsperyear,whileCanadianlandingsfluctuatedbetween600,000and900,000tons.…In1981,however,therewasasignificantincreaseinfishcaughtintheUS,andthisrisecontinuedandpeakedat5.6milliontonsin1991.Duringthesameperiod,Canada'scatchwentupfrom1milliontonsto1.6milliontons,agrowthofover50%.
From1991onwards,asuddendeclineinfishcatchingwasreportedinbothcountries.USfiguresplummetedto4milliontonsin2001,adropof28%,andCanadiancatchesplungedto0.5milliontons,adecreaseof66%.Inthefollowingfouryears,UScatchesremainedstableat4milliontons,whileCanadiancatchesroseandfellaroundthe0.5milliontonsmark.
Ingeneral,fishcatcheshavedeclineddrasticallyinboththeUSandCanadasincetheearly1990s.AlthoughCanadianproductionwasmuchlower,itechoedUSfigures,decliningorincreasingatthesamerate.
习题③
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask
ThegraphbelowshowstheconsumptionoffishandsomedifferentkindsofmeatinaEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.
Summarizetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
Thelinechartillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsumedinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.
In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthesefoods,withabout225gramsconsumedperpersonperweek.Lambandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(around150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams)
However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlambfelldramaticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.Theconsumptionoffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughitremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelswerethemoststable.
Theconsumptionofchicken,ontheotherhand,showedanupwardtrend,overtakingthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.By2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250gramsperpersonperweek.
Overall,thegraphshowshowtheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramaticallywhilethepopularityoftheseotherfoodsdecreasedovertheperiod.
男性的犯罪率比女性的高。
TheCrimerateofmalesishigherthanthatoffemales.
Themales’crimerateishigherthanfemales’.
★小作文高分必备表1——Trend
INCREASE
DECREASE
STABILIZATION
词语
说明
词语
说明
词语
说明
Junk
words
increase
decrease
Standat
remain----stable
stay-------steady
keep------constant
thesame
没有相对比较时用
掌握一种讲法
rise
fall
raise
drop
grow
decline
climb
Favorable
words
rocket
90
plummet
maintain
remainplane
stayunvarying
keepbalanced
*morose
*slack
*sluggish
*gloomy
*stagnant
*表示为形容词。
通常作系表架构。
如:
Themarketwas
morose.
反义词为:
buoyant,
active,firm。
如:
Themarkethas
beenactive.
escalate
80
plunge
swell
70
collapse
soar
60
slump
surge
45
subside
boom
30
ebb
easeup
20
easedown
edgeup
10
edgedown
creepup
≦10
creepdown
Special
words
rally
反弹
retrieve
反降
reachaplateau
高位平稳
accrue
小平
abate
leveloff/out
低位平稳
leap
大平
dip
evenout
中位平稳
FLUCTUATION
同义词
动undulate,vacillate,waver,shift,vary,
alternate,flutter,swing
Illustration
形volatile,variable,mutable,capricious,fluid
Itfluctuated
四种必备
句型
1.from…to…/during…and…
用于任意两个无特征性数字
2.within/acrossa(large/small)range/scaleof…
用于两个差值为十、百、千的整数
3.reachingapeakat(statistics)in(year)
andbottomingoutat(statistics)in(year)
第一种方法的复杂版,通过表示伴随状况的从句揭示最高最低点
4.2+3
此句为小作文的必备句,每次都会用到
450
425
202
125
AmericanConsumer’sExpenditure
RussianConsumer’sExpenditure
★考试高分必备表2——Extent
Words
Illustration
Samplesentence
程度大,
斜率大
于1
considerably
dramatically
sharply=steeply
significantly
tremendously
immensely
noticeably
rapidly
substantially
enormous
Itrisesdramatically=Thereisadramaticincreaseinthenumberof…=Wecanwitnessadramaticincreaseinthepercentageof…
Maximally
Peak
三根或以上曲线中程度最大
程度小,
斜率小
于1
slightly
gently
slowly
steadily
subtly
minor
minimally
Itrisesgently=Thereisagentleincreaseinthenumberof…=Wecanwitnessaslightincreaseinthepercentageof…
三根或以上曲线中程度最大
程度中
等,接近
于1
moderately
inmoderation
medium(adj.)
media
datumdata
sputumsputa
Itrisesmoderately=Thereisa
mediumgrowthinthenumberof…=Thenumberof…isinmoderation.
比较地
comparatively
relatively
AB
C
D
B曲线必须说成Itrises
comparativelygently,以区别于A曲线Itrisessharply.即遇上两根相同变化幅度的曲线就要用上。
平滑地
gradually
regularly
continuously
progressively
smoothly
consecutive
A
B
A:
Itrisesgradually
B:
Itrisesgently
A曲线也可说成Itrisesgently,但效果就差了,所以“逐渐地”是一个优先表达的意思。
大约地
about
around=some
roughly
nearly
moreorless
approximately
circa
almost
wellnigh
图表作文经常要表达“大约”的意思,左表根据精确度进行升序排列。
*almost和wellnigh只能修饰程度,绝对不能跟数字连用。
其余应准备黑体词语。
分别地
respectively
ThenumbersofstudentsinUKandJapanare2100and2155respectively.
相应地
correspondingly
proportionately
A
B
B:
Itleveledoffinitiallyandsurgedcorrespondingly.表示某部分的变化趋势与另外一根一样。
均匀地
evenly
对于这样的曲线确实很难讲清楚,但是我们发现曲线的起点和终点较接近,可说成Itrisesandfallsevenly.表示不管怎么变化,涨幅和跌幅相同,起落同幅。
★考试高分必备表3——Phrase
摸高
摸底
平均值
总体描述
reachapeak
reachasummit
reachazenith
reachapinnacle
reachanapex
reachavertex
reachanacme
reachaculmination
bottomout
hitatrough
nadir
base
underside
nethermost
floor
deepestpart
trough
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