英美概况复习题与参考答案.docx
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英美概况复习题与参考答案.docx
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英美概况复习题与参考答案
2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题
1.Ofalltheseisles,thelargestoneiscalledGreatBritain.Forthesakeofconvenience,GreatBritainisoftenshortenedtoBritain.
2.UnitedKingdomismadeupoffourparts,England,Wales,ScotlandandNorthernIreland.
3.TheislandofGreatBritaincanbedividedintotwopartsaccordingtoitsgeographicfeatures:
theHighlandZoneinthenorthandwestandtheLowlandzoneinthesouthandsoutheast.
4.InAmerica,ThepresidingofficerofthesenateistheVice-presidentoftheUnitedStateswhoservesaschairmanwhentheSenateisinsession.
5.Britaindidnotproducecottonandtextileindustryusedtorelyonwoolastheprincipalfiber.
6.InBritain,thecityBirminghamiswellknownforitsproductionofautomobiles,electricityequipment,electronics,munitions,andarms.
7.Britishgovernmentisproducedthroughcontestbetweentwomajorpoliticalpartieseveryfiveyears
8.Britishcanenjoyhighereducationinthreeways:
Universities,polytechnicsandOpenUniversities.
9.MainlandAmericaissituatedinthesouthernpartofNorthAmericawithtwolandNeighbors,CanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.
10.ThelongestriverinBritainistheSevernRiver,whichruns355kilometersandemptiesintotheBristolStrait.
11.WhiteHouseistheplacewhereAmericanPresidentlivesandworks.
12.British’spopulationisoverwhelminglyurban,withabout90%livinginurbanareasand10%livinginruralareas.
13.Britaininventedthelocomotiveandwasthefirstcountrytobuildarailwayintheworldin1825.
14.OneofthemostimportantUSgovernmentprincipleis“ChecksandBalances”.
15.ThemajorityoftheBritishpeoplebelieveinChristianity,whichisthereligionofthefollowersofJesusChrist.
16.ThemostimportantandlongestriverrunningthroughthemiddleplainofAmericaisMississippiRiver.
17.TheU.K.hastwoestablishedchurches:
theChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotland.
18.ImportantheavyindustriesinBritainincludeshipbuildingandmotorvehicle.
19.ModernEnglishistheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedKingdomaswellasthefirstlanguageofthevastmajority
20.InBritain,theplacewhereparliamenthassessionsinLondonisthePalaceofWestminster.
21.TheUSCongresshastwochambers,theSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.TheSenatecomprises100Senators,twofromeachofthe50states
22.Inearlytimes,Britishnobilitycanbedividedintouppernobilityandlowernobilityaccordingtotheamountofthelandtheypossessed.
23.InBritain,thenucleusofthegovernmentisknownastheCabinet,whichisheadedbytheprimeminister.
24.IntheUnitedKingdom,politicsisunderthecontrolofpoliticalparties,andthisisknownaspartypolitics.
25.TheUSConstitutionprotectsfreedomofspeechandfreedomofthepresssothatcommonpeoplecanmaketheiropinionsknown.
26.ThehighestcourtinBritainistheSupremeCourt.
27.Ifthejurycannotreachaunanimousagreement,itbecomesknownasahungjury.
28.TheEnglishlegalprofessionisdividedintotwobranches:
solicitorsandbarristers.
29.Britainwasthefirstcountrytointroduceaneweconomicsystemknownasfreeenterprise.
30.Tomeettheincreasingneedandprotectenvironment,Britainhasbeguntodevelopsomenewenergies,suchasbio-fuels,derivingfromwasteandcrops.
31.Traditionally,theBritishculturehasbeencharacterizedbyitsrequirementofdecencyandcivilityindoingthings.
32.TothesouthofSanFranciscolocatesafamousvalley,namedSiliconValley,whichhasnowbecomethecenterofAmerica’selectronicindustry.
33.TheMississippiRiverValley,alsoknownasthe_CentralPlain_,consistsofthelargeareabetweentheAppalachianontheeastandtheRockyMountainsonthewest.
34.Britainhastraditionallybeenamanufacturingnationandwasonceknownasthe“workshopoftheworld.”
35.OneofthemostfamousnaturalparkinAmerica,YellowStoneNationalPark,issituatedinthestateWyoming.
36.LasVegas,themoststrikinggamblingcityinAmerica,completelyreliesonthewaterfromtheColoradoRiver.
37.Everythingrelatedwithfamilylife,includingfamilymeals,isregardedasprivacyinBritain.
38.Theworkingclasspeopleusuallyhavea“hightea”withhotdishesatabout5o’clockintheafternoon;
39.Themiddle-classpeoplenormallyhaveanearly“lighttea”atabout4or5o’clockintheafternoon.
40.PrivateschoolsinBritainareofficiallycalledindependentschoolsbecausetheyareindependentofthegovernment.
3.简答问题:
(15题)
Ø简要回答下列问题:
1.WhyisAmericacomparedtoamelting-pot?
2.WhatarethecharactersoftypicalBritishpeople?
3.WhydoBritishpeopleliketotalkaboutweathersomuch?
4.WhatchangeshavetakenplaceinBritishfamilies?
Whatarethepossiblecausesforthosechanges?
5.WhoarethefamousQueensinBritishhistory?
Pleasewritedowntheirnames.
6.WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofJuryTrial?
7.WhatarethepopularfestivalsinAmerica?
Pleaselisttwoorthreenamesofthem.
8.WhatisthefunctionofmonarchinBritain?
9.WhyisBritishgovernmentsystemcalled“ConstitutionalMonarchy”?
10.PleaselistsomefamousriversinAmerica.
11.Whatmeasurescangovernmenttaketoadjustthedevelopmentofeconomy?
12.WhydosomeHistorianscallblackAmericans“unwillingimmigrants”?
13.WhatarethefactorsthatcanhelpyoudecidesocialstatusofamaninBritishsociety?
14.WhatarethespiritsAmericanPeopleworship?
15.HowdoesAmericangovernmentsystemdemonstratetheprincipleof“ChecksandBalances”?
2011英美文化与国家概况期末考试填空与简答复习题
2、知识填空题:
(40题)
1.GreatBritain;Britain
2.England;Wales;NorthernIreland
3.HighlandZone;LowlandZone
4.Vice-president
5.wool
6.Birmingham
7.five
8.Universities;OpenUniversities
9.Canada;Mexico
10.Severn
11.WhiteHouse
12.urban;rural
13.railway
14.Balances
15.Christianity;JesusChrist
16.MississippiRiver
17.established;England;Scotland
18.shipbuilding;motorvehicleproduction
19.ModernEnglish
20.thePalaceofWestminster
21.Senate;HouseofRepresentatives;100;two
22.upper;lower
23.Cabinet
24.parties
25.speech;thepress
26.theSupremeCourt
27.hung
28.solicitors;barristers
29.free
30.bio-fuels
31.decency
32.SiliconValley
33.CentralPlain;Appalachian;Rocky
34.workshop
35.Wyoming
36.LasVegas
37.privacy
38.high
39.light
40.independent
XX文库-让每个人平等地提升自我
4.简答问题:
(15题)
1.AsimmigrantsfromdifferentregionsandculturescametoliveintheUnitedStates,theiroldwaysoflifemeltaway,andtheybecamepartoftheAmericanculture.
2.Traditionally,theBritishculturehasbeencharacterizedbyitsrequirementofdecencyandcivilityindoingthings.
3.BecausetheweatherinBritainisverychangeable;moreover,asBritishpeopletendtoavoidprivatetopics,weatherisconsideredtobeasafetopic.
4.Today,Britishwomenarenolongerconfinedtotrditionalhousechores.Womenemployeescanbefoundinalmosteverypartofsociallife.Theymakeupabout48%oftheBritishlaborforce.Paidjobsmeantindependenceforwomen,whichfinallyledtochangesinwomen’ssocialstatus.
5.Mary;ElizabethI;Victoria;ElizabethII
6.ThejurytrialinBritainembodiessomebasicprincipleofthevaluecherishedbytheBritishpeople,suchastheprotectionofindividualrights.However,ifthejurycannotreachaunanimousagreement,itbecomesknownasahungjury.Thenanewjuryhastobeformed,andanewtrailiscalled.
7.ChristmasDay;NewYear’sDay;ThanksgivingDay;IndependenceDay;Lincoln’sBirthday;Halloween
8.Overcenturiesinhistory,theEnglishmonarchpersonallycontrolledsupremeexecutive,legislative,andjudicialpower.Afterthefoundingofthelawcourtinthe12thcenturyandParliamentinthe13thcentury,thedirectexerciseofthesefunctionsbythemonarchgraduallydecreased.
9.Ontheonehand,MonarchisthesymbolofsupremepowerinBritain;ontheotherhand,thepowerofMonarchislimitedbylaws,andithasmainlyadvisoryandceremonialresponsibilities,therealpowerisclenchedbyPrimeMinisterandparliament.
10.theMississippiRiver,theMissouriRiver,theOhioRiver,theTennesseeRiver,theColoradoRiver,TheRioGrandeRiver,thePotomacRiver,theHudsonRiver
11.1)Fiscalpolicy:
increase/decreasetaxrate;increase/decreasegovernmentbudget.
2)Monetarypolicy:
increase/decreaseinterestrate;issuenationalbond.
12.Becausetheywerevictimsofthetrafficinslaves.
13.wealth,clothes,accent,education,familybackground,gestures,socialcircle,profession…
14.ThespiritsAmericanPeopleworshiparesupposedtoincludeequality,freedom,hardwork,self-reliance.
15.1)Executivebranchcanchecklegislativebranchthrough:
A.BringupwithBillsB.DenyBillsC.Implementpolicies
2)Legislativebranchcancheckexecutivebranchthrough:
A.InitiaterevenuebillB.RejectnominationC.InvestigationD.Impeachment
3)Legislativebranchcancheckjudicialbranchthrough:
A.AppointjudgesB.DeterminebudgetC.Overthrowverdict
D.Impeachment
4)Judicialbranchcanchecklegislativebranchthrough:
A.JudicialreviewofActsB.passedbycongress
5)Executivebranchcancheckjudicialbranchthrough“appointingJudgesontheadviceofcongress”.
6)Judicialbranchcancheckexecutivebranchthrough“judicialreviewofExecutiveaction”.
(写出任意三点可得满分)
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