修辞格汇集.docx
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修辞格汇集.docx
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修辞格汇集
I.Alliteration
1.Inpoetry
(1) Thefairbreezeblew,thewhitefoamflew,
Thefurrowfollowedfree,
Wewerethefirstthateverburst
Intothatsilentsea.
(T.S.Coleridge:
RimeoftheAncientMariner)
(2)Thouwastnotbornfordeath,immortalBird!
Nohungrygenerationstreadtheedown;
ThyvoiceIhearthispassingnightwasheard
Inancientdaysbyemperorandclown:
Perhapstheself-samesongthatfoundapath
ThroughthesadheartofRuth,when,sickforhome,
Shestoodintearsamidthealiencorn;
Thesamethatoft-timeshath
Charmedmagiccasements,openingonthefoam
Ofperilousseas,infaerylandsforlorn.
(JohnKeatsOdeToANightingale)
2.Inprose
(1)Nexttohealth,heart,home,happinessforAmericansdependsupontheautomobile.
(2)Theyarefightingfortheirhearthandhome.
(3)Weshouldnotdemeanourdemocracywiththepoliticsofdistraction,denial,anddespair.(AlGore)
(4)Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden.(JohnF.Kennedy)
(5)Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliteratetheking’sEnglishslipsandslidesinconversation.(HenryFairlie)
3.Innewspaperheadings
(1)BreadNotBombs
(2)Let’slearnthelessonbyheart
(3)DareDevilWhoDared
(4)Battleforbalancedbudget
(5)CutCrimewithJobs—NotJails
4.Inproverbs
(1)Timeandtidewaitfornoman.
(2)Manyaman,manyamind
(3)Aglovedcatcatchesnomice.
(4)Deathpaysalldebts.
5.Intonguetwisters
(1)Shesellssea-shellsonthesea-shore.
(2)PeterPiperPickedapeckofpickledpepper.
6.Inadvertisementsandslogans
(1)VitaminsforVimandVigor(advertisingforvitamins)
(2)Sea,Sun,Sand,Seclusion—andSpain!
(advertisingforSpanishseashorescenicpots)
II.Assonance
Inpoetry,poetsuseassonancetoconveyvarioussensoryimpressions.TakeThomasGray’spoemElegywritteninaCountryChurchyardforexample,
Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,
Thelowingherdwindslowlyo’erthelea,
Theploughmanhomewardplodshiswearyway
Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.(ThomasGray)
Thefollowingaremoreexamplesofassonanceemployedinpoetry:
(1)Ishallneverseehermore
Wherethereedsandrushesquiver,
Shiver,quiver;
Standbesidethesobbingriver,
Sobbing,throbbing,inthefalling
Tothesandylonesomeshore.(JeanIngelow)
(2)TheLotosbloomsbelowthebarrenpeak:
TheLotosblowsbyeverywindingcreek:
Alldaythewindbreatheslowwithmellowertone:
Thro’everyhollowcaveandalleylone
Roundandroundthespicydownstheyellowlotos-dustisblown.(Tennyson)
(3)Whilethemoralityoftheirmissionwasclearthelegalitywasnot.
(4)WomenMakePolicyNotCoffee(newspaperheading)
(5)LargefactoriesinChinawishtobegivenafreerhandintherighttohireandfire.(newsreport)
(6)Letushelpyouextendyourself.(advertisementforaphysicalexerciseprogram)
(7)Hastemakeswaste.
(8)Spendadime,saveyourtime
III.Consonance
(1)ItseemedthatoutofbattleIescaped,
Downsomeprofounddulltunnel,longsincescooped
Throughgraniteswhichtitanicwarshadgroined.
Yetalsothereencumberedsleepersgroaned,
Toofastinthoughtordeathtobebestirred.
Then,asIprobedthem,onesprangupandstared
Withpitilessrecognitioninfixedeyes,
Liftingdistressfulhandsasiftobless.
Andbyhissmile,Iknewthatsullenhall,
ByhisdeadsmileIknewwestoodinHell.(WilfredOwen)
(2)Women:
Don’tAgonize,Organize(newspaperheading)
(3)FarmsNotArms(newspaperheading)
(4)WhenIlentIwasafriend,whenIaskedIwasunkind.
(5)Thereistheclearmellowclangofthetrolleygongs,themusicaltrilloffastwagonwheelsrunningalongthetrolleyrails,andtherattleofhoofsonthecobbledstripbetweenthemetals.(ChristopherMorley)
(6)BetterActiveTodaythanRadioactiveTomorrow(newspaperheading)
IV.Onomatopoeia
(1)a.Thestreamflowsthroughthewoods.
b.Thestreammurmursthroughthewoods.
(2)a.Dasistartedlaughing.
b.Dasistartedgiggling.
(3)a.Thedoorwaspushedopen.
b.Thedoorbangedopen.
(4)a.Heavyraindropsfellonthetent.
b.Heavyraindropsbeganpitter-patteringonthetent.
1.Humanbeingsandmovement.Suchwordsare:
Hey,Mm,oh,ha,sh-,grunt,mumble,whisper,whimper,chuckle,giggle,clap,patter,bang,etc.
(1)Thecrowdbegantohissandboohimforhisunsportsmanlikeconduct,buthesatunmoved.AnothergreatoutburstofapplausewasDanny’sashewalkedbackacrossthering.
WhenDannystirred,therewereohs!
Andahs!
ofdelight.(JackLondon)
(2)Theypooh-poohedtheidea.
2.Animals.
Wow-wow,saysthedog,
Mew-mew,saysthecat,
Grunt-grunt,saysthepig,
Andsquatgoesthebat.
Tu-whu,saystheowl,
Caw,caw,saysthecrow,
Quack,quack,saystheduck,
Andwhatcuckoossayyouknow.
3.Naturalobjects.Wordslike“murmur”,“gurgle”,“swish”,“splash”,“squelch”,“plop”,etc.
(1)Thebrakesscreechedtoahalt.
(2)Thetickingoftheclockwastheonlysoundthatgreetedhim.
(2)Theicewashere,theicewasthere,
Theicewasallaround;
Itcrackedandgrowled,androaredandhowled,
Likenoisesinaswound.(Coleridge)
V.Aposiopesis
1.Thespeakerabruptlyhaltshalfwayinasentence,eitherbeingtooexcitedtogivefurtherarticulationtohisthoughtortryingtoimpressreaderswithavaguehintofanidea.
(1)“Youwillcomedowntomorrow?
”sheurged,sheinterrupted.“ThePrimeMinister—HisRoyalHighness…”Shestopped.“AndDiana…”sheadded.
Olivertookhishandoffthebell.(VirginiaWoolf)
2.Thespeakerintentionallyleavestherestofasentenceunsaid,implyingastrongsenseofmenaceorintimidation.Insuchcontext,theaudiencecaneasilyfigureoutwhatisleftunsaid.
(2)Theguardsaidtotheprisoner,“Stop!
Anotherstepforwardandyouwill…”
(3)“You’dbetterdothisorelse…”
3.Thespeakerdoesnotfinishhiswordsonpurpose,leavingsuspenseonthelistener.
(4)“Damnitall,man!
Iknowmyownmindandwhat’sbest!
”
“I’magreeing,withyou,only—”
“Onlywhat?
”Scottsnappedout.
“Only—”thedog-musherbegansoftly,thenchangedhismindandbetrayedarisingangerofhisown,“Well,youneedn’tgetsoall-firedhetupaboutit.Judgingbyyouractionsone’dthinkyoudidn’tknowyourownmind.”(JackLondon)
(5)“It’salie!
Youdoneit,andyougottosayyoudoneit,or—”(MarkTwain)
VI.Apostrophe
Apostropheisarhetoricalfigureintraditionalpoeticanddramaticlanguage.
ForBrutus,asyouknow,wasCaesar’sangel.
Judge,Oyougods,howdearlyCaesarlovedhim.(Shakespeare)
(1)Obythenewcomer!
Ihaveheard
Iheartheeandrejoice
Cuckoo!
ShallIcalltheebird
Orbutawanderingvoice?
(W.Wordsworth)
(2)England!
Awake!
Awake!
Awake!
Jerusalemthysistercalls!
(W.Blake)
(3)Stars,hideyourfires
Letnotlightseemyblackanddeepdesires…(Shakespeare)
VIIPun
Apun,inessence,isanambiguity.Apuninvolvestheuseofapolysemouswordtosuggesttwoormoremeanings,commonlyliteralmeaningversusfigurativemeaning,orinvolvestheuseofhomonyms,i.e.differentwordswhichlookorsoundthesamebuthavedifferentmeanings.Thewholepointofapunistheuser’sintenttoproduceahumorousorwittyeffectfromthejuxtapositionofmeanings.
Homonyms,homophones,andhomographsallareavailabletoconstructpunswith.
1.Homonyms.Ahomonymisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinpronunciationandspellingbutnotinmeaning.e.g.:
ball——a.n.anyroundorsphericalobjectb.naformalsocialdance
bark——a.n.anyboat,esp.asmallsailingboat
b.v.tomakethesharp,abruptcryofadog
flat——a.adj.havingasmooth,levelsurface
b.n.asuitofroomsononefloorofabuilding
lie——a.n.&v.(tomake)anintentionalfalsestatement
b.v.tohaveone’sbodyinamoreorlesshorizontalpositionalonggroundorsurface
2.Homophones.Ahomophoneisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinpronunciationbutnotinspellingandmeaning.
(1)a.bale——n.alargebundle
b.bail——vt.toremovewaterfromaboat
(2)a.fur——n.shortfinesofthairofcertainanimals
b.fir——n.akindofevergreentree
(3)a.soul——n.spiritualorimmaterialpartofman,heldtosurvivedeath
b.sole——n.lowersurfaceofhumanorotherfoot;adj.oneandonly,exclusive
(4)a.write——v.formormarksymbolsrepresentingword(s)esp.withpenorpencilonpaper
b.rite——n.areligiousorsolemnobservance
c.right——adj.just,morallygood,correct;n.justification,fairclaim,thingoneisentitledto
3.Homographs.Ahomographisawordthatisidenticaltoanotherwordinspellingbutnotinpronunciationandmeaning.
(1)a.bow——[bəu]n.weaponforshootingarrowswithstringjoiningends
b.bow——[bau]v.bendorkneelinsignofsubmissionorreverence
c.bow——[bau]n.thefrontpartofashiporboat
(2)a.minute——[‵minit]n.sixtiethpartofanhour
b.minute——[mai‵nju:
t]adj.verysmall,trifling
(3)a.wind——[wind]n.,airinmoreorlessrapidnaturalmotion
b.wind——[waind]v.goincircular,spiralcourse
(4)a.lead——[li:
d]v.guidebythehand,directmovementsof
b.lead——[led]n.akindofmetal
Thefollowingaresomeoftheexamplesofpunsthatarebasedonhomonymsandhomophones.
(1)Ifwedon’thangtogetherwe’llhangseparately.(BenjaminFranklin)
(2)Anambassadorisanhonestmanwholiesabroadforthegoodofhiscountry.
(3)Amansitsdownatatableinarestaurantandasks,“Doyouservecrabshere?
”Thewaitersays,“Sure,sitdown,weserveanybody.”
(4)Sevendayswithoutwatermakeoneweak.
(5)OnSundaytheyprayforyouandonMondaytheypreyonyou.
(6)“Waiter!
”
“Yes,sir.”
“What’sthis?
”
“It’sbeansoup,sir.”
“
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