高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解2.docx
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高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解2.docx
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高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解2
2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解
(2)
科普知识(阅读理解)由(xx新课标全国,B)改编
HoneyfromtheAfricanforestisnotonlyakindofnaturalsugar,itisalsodelicious.Mostpeople,andmanyanimals,likeeatingit.However,theonlywayforthemtogetthathoneyistofindawildbees’nestandtakethehoneyfromit.Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.InpartsofAfrica,though,peopleandanimalslookingforhoneyhaveastrangeandunexpectedhelper—alittlebirdcalledahoneyguide.
Thehoneyguidedoesnotactuallylikehoney,butitdoeslikethewaxinthebeehives(蜂房).Thelittlebirdcannotreachthiswax,whichisdeepinsidethebees’nest.So,whenitfindsasuitablenest,itlooksforsomeonetohelpit.Thehoneyguidegivesaloudcrythatattractstheattentionofbothpassinganimalsandpeople.Onceithastheirattention,itfliesthroughtheforest,waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorpersonasitleadsthemtothenest.Whentheyfinallyarriveatthenest,thefollowerreachesintogetatthedelicioushoneyasthebirdpatientlywaitsandwatches.Someofthehoney,andthewax,alwaysfallstotheground,andthisiswhenthehoneyguidetakesitsshare.
Scientistsdonotknowwhythehoneyguidelikeseatingthewax,butitisverydeterminedinitseffortstogetit.Thebirdsseemtobeabletosmellwaxfromalongdistanceaway.Theywillquicklyarrivewheneverabeekeeperistakinghoneyfromhisbeehives,andwillevenenterchurcheswhenbeeswaxcandlesarebeinglit.
1.Whyisitdifficulttofindawildbees’nest?
( )
A.It’ssmallinsize.B.It’shiddenintrees.
C.It’scoveredwithwax.D.It’shardtorecognize.
2.Whatdothewords“thefollower”inParagraph2referto?
( )
A.Abee.B.Abird.
C.Ahoneyseeker.D.Abeekeeper.
3.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway .
A.itgetsitsfoodB.itgoestochurch
C.itsingsintheforestD.itreachesintobees’nests
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
( )
A.WildBeesB.WaxandHoney
C.BeekeepinginAfricaD.Honey-Lover’sHelper
语篇解读:
本文为说明文。
题材为科普知识类。
有一种鸟,它可以引领人或者动物找到他们需要的蜂蜜,而同时它凭借敏锐的嗅觉找到自己需要的蜂蜡。
答案及剖析:
1.B 事实细节题。
根据第一段“Often,thesenestsarehighupintrees,anditisdifficulttofindthem.”可知,蜂巢经常建在一些高树之上,即隐蔽性很好,故找到它们很困难。
2.C 猜测词义题。
根据上文可知,人或者动物都喜欢吃蜂蜜,他们正是在这种鸟的引领下来找蜂蜜的,因此follower就是指“寻找蜂蜜者”。
3.A 推理判断题。
概括这种鸟的习性可知,它引领人们或动物找到蜂蜜,从而它可以得到它需要的蜂蜡,这种觅食方式很特殊。
4.D 主旨大意题。
概括全文可知,本文主要介绍了一种鸟,它可以帮助那些寻找蜂蜜的人或者动物。
【长难句子分析】
一旦引起了他们的注意,它就会飞越森林,并且在引领他们朝蜂巢前行的途中,它还会时不时地停下来等一等这些好奇的动物或者人。
once意为“一旦”,引导状语从句。
现在分词短语waitingfromtimetotimeforthecuriousanimalorperson作伴随状语,as引导时间状语从句。
【疑难词汇解读】
sharen.一份;份额
Britain’sshareofworldtradesteadilydeclined.
英国在世界贸易中所占的份额不断下降。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
【xx·南昌市高三第三次模拟测试】
Millionsofpeopleareusingcellphonestoday.Inmanyplacesitisactuallyconsideredunusualnottouseone.Inmanycountries,cellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople.Theyfindthatthephonesaremorethanameansofmunication—havingamobilephoneshowsthattheyarecoolandconnected.
Theexplosionsaroundtheworldinmobilephoneusemakesomehealthprofessionalworried.Somedoctorsareconcernedthatinthefuturemanypeoplemaysufferhealthproblemsfromtheuseofmobilephones.InEngland,therehasbeenaseriousdebateaboutthisissue.Mobilephonepaniesareworriedaboutthenegativepublicityofsuchideas.Theysaythatthereisnoproofthatmobilephonesarebadforyourhealth.
Ontheotherhand,whydosomemedicalstudiesshowchangesinthebraincellsofsomepeoplewhousemobilephones?
Signsofchangeintheissuesofthebrainandheadcanbedetectedwithmodernscanningequipment.Inonecase,atravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn’trememberevensimpletasks.Hewouldoftenforgetthenameofhisownson.Thismanusedtotalkonhismobilephoneforaboutsixhoursaday,everydayofhisworkingweek,foracoupleofyears.Hisfamilydoctorblamedhismobilephoneuse,buthisemployer’sdoctordidn’tagree.
Whatisitthatmakesmobilephonespotentiallyharmful?
Theanswerisradiation.Hightechmachinescandetectverysmallamountsofradiationfrommobilephones.Mobilephonepaniesagreethatthereissomeradiation.Buttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.
Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinues,itappearsthatit’sbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.Useyourregularphoneifyouwanttotalkforalongtime.Useyourmobilephoneonlywhenyoureallyneedit.Mobilephonescanbeveryusefulandconvenient,especiallyinemergencies.Inthefuture,mobilephonesmayhaveawarninglabelthatsaystheyarebadforyourhealth.Sofornow,it’swisenottouseyourmobilephonetoooften.
1.Peoplebuycellphonesforthefollowingreasonsexceptthat________.
A.they’repopular B.they’reconvenient
C.they’reuseful D.they’recheap
2.Theword“detected”inParagraph3couldbebestreplacedby________.
A.discovered B.removed
C.cured D.caused
3.Thesalesmanretiredyoungbecause________.
A.hedislikedusingmobilephones
B.hecouldn’tremembersimpletasks
C.hewastiredoftalkingonhismobilephone
D.hisemployer’sdoctorpersuadedhimto
4.Onthesafetyissueofmobilephones,themanufacturingpanies________.
A.denytheexistenceofmobilephoneradiation
B.developnewtechnologytoreducemobilephoneradiation
C.holdthattheamountofradiationistoosmalltoworryabout
D.trytoprovethatmobilephonesarenotharmfultohealth
5.Thewriter’spurposeofwritingthisarticleistoadvisepeople________.
A.tobuymobilephones
B.tousemobilephoneslessoften
C.toupdateregularphones
D.tostopusingmobilephones
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。
手机给我们的生活带来了很多便利。
但是手机辐射却威胁着我们的身体健康。
1.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第一段第三句中的“cellphonesareverypopularwithyoungpeople”可知,A项表述正确;根据最后一段倒数第三句中的“beveryusefulandconvenient”可知,B、C两项表述正确;D项文中未提及。
答案:
D
2.解析:
词义猜测题。
根据语境可知,画线词所在句子的句意为:
通过现代扫描仪器扫描,可以探测一些大脑和头部组织发生变化的信号。
答案:
A
3.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第三段第三、四句“Inonecase,atravelingsalesmanhadtoretireatayoungagebecauseofseriousmemoryloss.Hecouldn’trememberevensimpletasks.”可知,答案B符合文意。
答案:
B
4.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第四段最后一句“Mobilephonepaniesagreethatthereissomeradiation,buttheysaytheamountistoosmalltoworryabout.”可知,答案C符合文意。
答案:
C
5.解析:
写作意图题。
根据文章最后一段第一句“Asthediscussionabouttheirsafetycontinues,itappearsthatit’sbesttousemobilephoneslessoften.”可知,作者建议人们尽量少用手机。
答案:
B。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
【xx·赣州市高三年级适应性考试】
Igrewupwithafatdad—450poundsathisheaviest.Everyweekhewouldtryanewdiet,andmyfamilyendedupeatingwhateverstrangefoodhewastryingatthatmoment.
Aftermythirdgradeyear,mydadlandedalifechangingjobinManhattan.Mymom,mylittlesisterandIhadtomoveawayfromourhometown,Chicago,andleavemygrandmotherandherbeautifulfoodbehind.
LeavingmygrandmotherwasfarmorefrighteningthanthemovetoNewYorkCity.Therewouldbenomorespecialweekendsatmygrandmother’shouse,theonlyplaceIcanrememberfeelinghappy,safeandnourished(有营养的).ItwaswhatIdesired.Inthisnewcity,Ifeltextremelyaloneandlost,andImissedmygrandmotherterribly.
MygrandmotherknewjusthowIfelt—Andsheknewthecure.Everyweek,shewouldsendmeacardwitha$20bill,arecipeandalistofwhattobuyatthemarket.Itkeptusbonded,andherrecipesfilledmybodyandsoul.
Overtheyears,Ihavegrowntobetterunderstandmyfather’sstruggleswithweightandthetoll(代价)ittookonhimandthosewholovehim.Ihaveetorealizehewasdrivennotbyvanity(自负)orselfishnessasmuchasbyadeeppain.Andinspiteofgrowingupinsuchanunhealthyeatingenvironment(orperhapsbecauseofit),asanadultIfoundapassionandacareerasanutritionconsultant.
Today,myfatherweighs220poundsandisavegan(素食者).HowhegotthereisastoryIhopetoshareintheingweeks.Moreimportantly,foodisnolongerabarrierthatkeepsusapart,butabridgethatkeepusconnected.Thereisnothingmydadenjoysmorethantalkingwithmeaboutdietarytheoriesandhisweightlossvictories.AndnowIamtheoneregularlysendingrecipecardstomyfather’shouse,justasmygrandmotherdidforme.
1.Whatkindofpersonwasactuallytheauthor’sfather?
A.Hewasamanofvanityandselfishness.
B.Hedidn’tliketoeatwithhisfamily.
C.Hewasmorepainfulthanselfish.
D.Heforcedhisfamilytoeatwhatheliked.
2.Theauthordesiredtogotohisgrandmother’s________.
A.toseehisfather B.fortastyfood
C.forpocketmoney D.toavoidhisfamily
3.Theunderlinedword“cure”inParagraph4isthenearestinmeaningto“________”.
A.solution B.concern
C.operation D.situation
4.Theauthorbecameanutritionconsultantmainlybecause________.
A.hisfatheroftentalkedwithhimaboutdietarytheories
B.hewasdeterminedtochangehisowndailyhabits
C.hewantedtostudytherecipeshisgrandmotherhadgivenhim
D.hischildhoodexperiencesgavehimtoodeepanimpression
5.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?
A.Heoftenquarreledwithhisfatheraboutfood
B.Hisfatherwilltellhimhisstoryinthefollowingweeks
C.Themosthetalksaboutwithhisfatherisnourishment
D.Heoftensendsrecipecardstohisgrandmotherinreturn
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。
作者小时候,爸爸很胖,每周都需要尝试一种新的食物来减肥,全家人都不得不与爸爸一起“试吃”,为此作者对爸爸意见很大。
后来随着年龄的增长,作者对父亲也有了更深的理解,在选择职业时也选了营养师这份工作。
1.解析:
推理判断题。
根据第五段第一、二句“Overtheyears...Ihaveetorealize...asmuchasbyadeeppain.”可知,这些年来,作者逐渐理解了父亲,意识到他苦苦地与自己的体重作斗争,不是虚荣和自私,而是对于自己的体重感到深深的痛苦。
由此可知,C项内容与题意相符。
答案:
C
2.解析:
细节理解题。
根据第二、三段内容可知,作者和家人一起搬到了曼哈顿,离开了祖母还有她做的精致美食,以致作者非常想念祖母,特别渴望去她的家里品尝美味佳肴。
答案:
B
3.解析:
词义猜测题。
根据第四段画线词前后内容可知,作者的祖母知道作者心中的想法,每周会给作者寄20美元,一个食谱还有一个购物单。
结合选项可推知,画线词所在句子意思是作者的祖母知道解决的办法。
因此画线词的意思与选项中solutio
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