与森林相关的词汇及对照英文翻译.docx
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与森林相关的词汇及对照英文翻译.docx
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与森林相关的词汇及对照英文翻译
森林forest
2006年6月13日16:
45出处:
FanE『翻译中国』词汇由:
tradoser提供森林forest
原始林virginforest
次生林secondaryforest
天然林naturalforest
人工林forestplantation,man-madeforest
速生丰产林fast-growingandhigh-yieldplantation乔林highforest
中林compositeforest
矮林coppiceforest
针叶林coniferousforest
阔叶林broadleavedforest
落叶阔叶林deciduousbroadleavedforest
常绿阔叶林evergreenbroadleavedforest
热带雨林tropicalrainforest
红树林mangroveforest
林种forestcategory
用材林timberforest
防护林protectionforest
经济林non-timberproductforest
培育木材以外的其它林产品为主的森林。
薪炭林firewoodforest,fuelwoodforest能源林energyforest
特种用途林forestforspecialuse
风景林amenityforest
纯林pureforest
混交林mixedforest
同龄林evenagedforest
异龄林unevenagedforest
单层林分uniformstand
复层林分multi-storiedstand
林学forestscience,forestry
树木学dendrology
树木生理学treephysiology
森林气象学forestmeteorology
森林土壤学forestsoilscience
森林生物学forestbiology
森林生态学forestecology
林业经济学foresteconomics
森林遗传学forestgenetics
林木育种学foresttreeimprovement,foresttreebreeding
森林培育学silviculture又称“造林学”。
森林病理学forestpathology
森林昆虫学forestentomology森林测计学forestmensuration又称“测树学”。
森林经理学forestmanagement林业史forestryhistory
水土保持学soilandwaterconservation园林学landscapearchitecture木材学woodscience,woodtechnology森林利用学forestutilization
林业工程学forestengineering木材加工学woodprocessing林产化学加工学chemicalprocessingofforestproducts林业forestry
森林资源forestresources
森林覆盖率forestcoverage,percentageofforestcover森林效益foresteffect乡村林业ruralforestry城市林业urbanforestry粗放林业extensiveforestry集约林业intensiveforestry
森林工业forestindustry
森林经营forestmanagement
林业政策forestpolicy
林业经济foresteconomy
林业法规forestryregulation
森林生态系统forestecosystem
生物地理群落biogeocoenosis
农林复合生态系统integralagroforestryecosystem森林物质循环mineralcyclinginforest,materialcyclinginforest森林能量平衡energyequilibriuminforest林分stand
林分组成standcomposition
林龄standage
林分起源originofstand
林相forestform
林分密度standdensity
郁闭度crowndensity
森林环境forestenvironment
立地site
立地类型sitetype
喜光树种intoleranttreespecies曾用名“阳性树种”。
耐荫树种shade-toleranttreespecies喜温树种thermophiloustreespecies耐寒树种winterhardytreespecies旱生树种xerophiloustreespecies湿生树种hygrophiloustreespecies中生树种mesophiloustreespecies森林气候forestclimate冻拔frostheaving冻裂frostcleft,frostcracking林冠层forestcanopy森林水文foresthydrology树冠截留crowninterception干流stemflow冠淋crownwash透冠雨throughfall淋失leaching森林土壤forestsoil枯枝落叶层litter死地被物forestfloor
又称“林褥”。
森林腐殖质foresthumus
粗腐殖质rawhumus,mor细腐殖质mildhumus,mull
改良土壤树种soilimprovingtreespecies
化感作用allelopathy又称“异种克生”。
互惠共生mutualisticsymbiosis
森林群落forestcommunity
林型foresttype
林分结构standstructure
复层混交林stratifiedmixedstand
主林层mainstorey
次林层substorey
乔木层treestratum
下木层undergrowth
活地被物层groundvegetation
优势树种dominanttreespecies
亚优势树种subdominanttreespecies
伴生树种associatedtreespecies
乡土树种indigenoustreespecies,nativetreespecies
先锋树种pioneer[treespecies]
地带性顶极zonalclimax,primaryclimax
非地带性顶极azonalclimax
森林线forestline,forestlimit又称“森林界限”。
树木线timberline又称“树木界限”。
林木改良foresttreeimprovement
林木选择selectionoftree
精选树elitetree
正号树plustree
优树superiortree
优良林分superiorstand,superiorplantation
林木引种introductionofexoticspecies
树木育种treebreeding
母树林seedproductionstand
种子园seedorchard
无性系种子园clonalseedorchard
实生苗种子园seedlingseedorchard
去劣种子园roguedseedorchard
[种子]原产地provenance,seedsource又称“种源”。
产地试验provenancetrial又称“种源试验”。
局部分布区产地试验limitedrangeprovenancetrial全分布区产地试验widerangeprovenancetrial
子代测定progenytest无性系测定clonaltest
优树采集区clonalarchive
采穗圃cuttingorchard
种子区seedzone
育种区breedingzone
造林forestation
人工更新artificialreforestation
[无林地]造林afforestation
四旁植树four-sidetreeplanting指路旁、水旁、村旁、宅旁的植树。
林木种子foresttreeseed
母树seedtree
采种seedcollection
种实调制seedprocessing
种子贮藏seedstorage
种子[层积]催芽seedstratification
种子检验seedtesting,seedqualityexamination
种子证明书seedcertification
森林苗圃forestnursery固定苗圃permanentnursery
临时苗圃temporarynursery
苗木nurserystock,plantingstock
播种苗treeseedling又称“实生苗”。
野生苗wild[l]ing
苗床seedbed
床作beddingculture
垅作ridgeculture
撒播broadcastsowing
条播stripsowing,drillsowing
带播beltsowing
点播spotsowing
覆盖mulching
上方遮荫overheadshading
侧方遮荫sideshading
营养繁殖苗plantingstock[byvegetativepropagation]
移植苗transplant
裸根苗barerootseedling
容器苗containerseedling
苗木出圃outplanting
起苗lifting[ofseedlings]假植heelin苗木贮藏seedlingstorage苗木分级seedlingsorting
苗木包装seedlingpacking
造林地plantingsite,plantedland宜林地suitablelandforforest造林区划silviculturalregionalization立地评价siteevaluation立地分类siteclassification造林调查设计plantationsurveyandproject树种选择choiceoftreespecies适地适树matchingspecieswiththesite造林密度plantingdensity
种植点配置spacingofplantingspots,spacingofseedingspots行状配置stripspacing
群状配置groupspacing
人工混交林mixtureplantation
混交类型typeofmixture
混交方法patternofmixture
造林地整地sitepreparation,soilpreparation
造林地清理sitepreparation整地方法methodofsoilpreparation全面整地overallsoilpreparation局部整地partialsoilpreparation
带状整地stripsoilpreparation
块状整地spotsoilpreparation
造林方法methodofforestation
播种造林seeding,directseeding又称“直播造林”。
飞机播种airseeding,aerialseeding简称“飞播”。
植苗造林treeplanting
分殖造林planting[byvegetativepropagation]插条造林plantingbycuttings
埋条造林plantingbylayerings又称“埋干造林”。
分根造林plantingbyrootcuttings
分蘖造林plantingbytillers
穴植法holeplanting
缝植法slitplanting,plantinginnotches楔形栽植wedgeplanting丛植bunchplanting带土栽植ballplanting植树锹plantingbar造林季节plantingseason
幼林抚育tending[afteryoungplantation]幼林检查checking[ofyoungplantation]造林成活率survivalrate造林保存率survivalrate[ofplantation]补植reinforcementplanting抚育采伐intermediatecutting透光伐cleaning,releasecutting疏伐thinning卫生伐sanitationcutting拯救伐salvagecutting解放伐liberationcutting自然分化naturaldifferentiation自然稀疏selfthinning林木分级treeclassification克拉夫特分级法Kraft'streeclassification优势木dominanttree亚优势木codominanttree中等木intermediatetree被压木suppressedtree死亡木deadtree
主要用于经济林。
下层疏伐lowthinning,thinningfrombelow上层疏伐crownthinning,thinningfromabove机械疏伐mechanicalthinning综合疏伐combinedmethodofthinning化学透光伐chemicalcleaning疏伐强度thinningintensity林分密度控制图standdensitycontroldiagram定量疏伐quantitativethinning修枝prunning修干枝dryprunning修活枝greenprunning除蘖tillercutting垦复improvementofstandcondition指深松土、压青、修枝、除蘖等综合抚育森林作业法silviculturalsystem主伐harvestcutting,finalfelling主伐方式systemofcuttings皆伐clearcutting大面积皆伐largeareaclearcutting带状皆伐clearcuttinginstrips小块状皆伐clearcuttinginpatches渐伐shelterwoodcutting
曾用名“伞伐”预备伐preparatorycutting下种伐seedcutting受光伐lightcutting后伐removalcutting
均匀渐伐
uniformshelterwoodcutting
带状渐伐
strip-shelterwoodcutting
块状渐伐
group-shelterwoodcutting
择伐selectioncutting
经营择伐
managementselectioncutting,intensiveselectioncutting
径级择伐
diameterlimitselectioncutting,extensiveselectioncutting
群状择伐
group-selectioncutting
森林种子更新forestregenerationfromseeds
森林无性更新vegetativeforestregeneration
萌芽更新
regenerationfromsprouts
根蘖更新
regenerationfromrootsuckers
矮林作业
coppicemethod
中林作业
coppicewithstandardmethod
头木作业
pollardmethod
伐前更新
prefellingregeneration
人工促进更新artificialmeasurespromotingregeneration
林分改造standimprovement
封山育林closingthelandforreforestation
森林保护forestprotection
生物防治biologicalcontrol
化学防治chemicalcontrol
营林防治silviculturalcontrol
综合防治integratedcontrol
病虫害综合治理integratedpestmanagement
树病学
tree-pathology
枯梢病
die-back
雪枯病
snowblight
疱锈病
blisterrust
落针病
needlecast
猝倒病damping-off又称“立枯病”。
瘤锈病gallrust针叶锈病needlerust球果锈病conerust枝枯病shootblight肿枝病swollenshoot丛枝病witch'sbroom松材线虫pinewoodnematode榆树荷兰病Dutchelmdisease衰退病declinedisease桑寄生parasitescurrula槲寄生mistletoe矮槲寄生dwarfmistletoe菟丝子dodder节腐knotrot一年生溃疡annualcanker多年生溃疡perennialcanker扩展性溃疡diffusecanker环靶性溃疡targetcanker日灼sunscald哈迪网Hartignet黑心材blackheart红心材redheart带线zoneline
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