跨文化交际unit1答案.docx
- 文档编号:9066694
- 上传时间:2023-02-03
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:12
- 大小:22.15KB
跨文化交际unit1答案.docx
《跨文化交际unit1答案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《跨文化交际unit1答案.docx(12页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
跨文化交际unit1答案
Unit1
CommunicationAcrossCultures
WarmUp
Questions
1.Whyisitdifficulttoexplaintoablindpersonwhatcolorsare
2.DoyousometimesfindithardtomakeyourselfproperlyunderstoodbyothersIfyoudo,whydoyouthinkitishard
Itisverydifficultforpeopletounderstandoneanotheriftheydonotsharethesameexperiences.Ofcourse,weallsharetheexperienceofbeinghuman,buttherearemanyexperienceswhichwedonotshareandwhicharedifferentforallofus.Itisthesedifferentexperiencesthat
makeupwhatiscalled—cultureIIinthesocial-scittreceabitsofeverydaylife,thecuesto
whichpeoplerespond,theautomaticreactionstheyhavetowhatevertheyseeandhear.Theseoftendiffer,andthedifferencesmayintroducemisunderstandingswhereweseekunderstanding.
ReadingI
InterculturalCommunication:
AnIntroduction
Comprehensionquestions
1.Isitstilloftenthecasethat“everyonesquicktoblamethealieninthe”contemporaryworld
Thisisstillpowerfulintoday‘ssocialandpoliticalrhetoric.Forinstance,itisnotuncommonin
today‘ssocietytohearpeoplesaythatmost,ifnotall,ofthesocialandeconomicproblemsare
causedbyminoritiesandimmigrants.
2.Whatsthedifferencebetweentodaysinterculturalcontactandthatofanytimeinthepast
Today‘sinterculturalencountersarefarmorenumerousandofgreaterimportance
thaninany
timeinhistory.
3.Whathavemadeinterculturalcontactaverycommonphenomenoninourlifetoday
Newtechnology,intheformoftransportationandcommunicationsystems,hasacceleratedinterculturalcontact;innovativecommunicationsystemshaveencouragedandfacilitatedculturalinteraction;globalizationoftheeconomyhasbroughtpeopletogether;changesinimmigrationpatternshavealsocontributedtointerculturalencounter.
4.Howdoyouunderstandthesentence“cultureiseverythingandeverywhere
Culturesuppliesuswiththeanswerstoquestionsaboutwhattheworldlookslikeandhowweliveandcommunicatewithinthatworld.Cultureteachesushowtobehaveinourlifefromtheinstantofbirth.Itisomnipresent.
5.Whatarethemajorelementsthatdirectlyinfluenceourperceptionandcommunication
Thethreemajorsocio-culturalelementsthatdirectlyinfluenceperceptionandcommunicationareculturalvalues,worldview(religion),andsocialorganizations(familyandstate).
6.Whatdoesonesfamilyteachhimorherwhileheorshegrowsupinit
Thefamilyteachesthechildwhattheworldlookslikeandhisorherplaceinthatworld.
7.Whyisitimpossibletoseparateouruseoflanguagefromourculture
Becauselanguageisnotonlyaformofpreservingculturebutalsoameansofsharingculture.Languageisanorganized,generallyagreed-upon,learnedsymbolsystemthatisusedtorepresenttheexperienceswithinaculturalcommunity.
8.Whatarethenonverbalbehaviorsthatpeoplecanattachmeaningto
Peoplecanattachmeaningtononverbalbehaviorssuchasgestures,postures,facialexpressions,eyecontactandgaze,touch,etc.
9.Howcanafree,culturallydiversesocietyexistAfree,culturallydiversesocietycanexistonlyifdiversityispermittedtoflourishwithoutprejudiceanddiscrimination,bothofwhichharmallmembersofthesociety.
DiscoveringProblems:
SlimIsBeautiful
Questionsfordiscussion
Whichdoyouthinkisthemarkofbeauty,thinorfatWhyisitoftensaidthatbeautyisintheeyeofbeholder
OnesociologistoncesaidthatwiththegreaterinfluenceofAmericancultureacrosstheworld,thestandardofabeautyisbecomingmoreandmoreHollywood-like,characterizedbyachiseledchinandatall,slimfigure.OnecanseesuchbeautifulimagesinalmostanyAmericanmovie.WeChinesealsosharethenotionthatthestandardideaofbeautyincludesbeingtall,thin,andlightskinned.Itseemsthatwiththeprocessofglobalization,easternandwesternbeautieslookmoreandmorealike.
Butwehavetorememberthatthedefinitionofbeautydiffersfromculturetoculture.Forexample,Hispanicstandardsoffemalebeautyaretohavebighips,amoderatetan,andashortheight.Asisdescribedinthearticle,insoutheasternNigeria,Coca-Cola-bottlevoluptuousnessiscelebratedandamplebacksidesandbosomsareconsideredidealsoffemalebeauty.
What‘smore,theidealstandardofbeautyvariesfromtimetotime.Forinstance,duringtimes
offamine,theidealstandardofbeautyforwomenisamuchlargerbodysize.Largersizeandmorebodyfatmayreflectone‘sstatus;foritsuggeststhatthepersoniswellfedandhealthy.Thinnessthenwouldreflectmalnutrition.However,duringtimesofplenty,plumpnessisnotareflectionof
status.Peoplemayeasilyassociatefatnesswithhypertension,heartdiseaseorotherpotentialdiseases.Likewise,duringerasinwhichlower-classlaborshadtotoilpredominantlyoutsideforhoursaday,tannedskinwasanindicationoflowerstatus,andthereforetheidealstandardoffemalebeautywasverypaleskin;womenduringthosetimesactuallyusedalotofwhitepowderedcosmeticstoexaggeratethepalenessoftheirskin.Now,however,tanisareflectionofhavingmoreleisuretimespentonseashoresinsteadofworkinginanofficeallthetime,andthereforeitmaysuggesthigherstatus,sowomenstrivefordarkerskintones.
Itistruethatbeautyisintheeyeofthebeholderbecausepeopleofdifferentculturesandindifferentsituationsmayhavedifferentideasaboutwhatisbeautifulandwhatisnot.
GroupWork
Firstsharewithyourgroupmemberwhateverexperiencesyouhavehadincommunicationeventsthatcanbeconsideredasintercultural.Thenworktogethertodecidewhethereachofthefollowingcasesofcommunicationispossiblyinterculturalornotand,ifitis,towhatextentitisintercultural.Trytoplaceallthecasesalongacontinuumofinterculturalness,fromthemostinterculturaltotheleastintercultural.
Allthecasesmayseemtobeinterculturalbuttheydifferintheextenttowhichtheyareintercultural.Howeveritmaybeverydifficultforustoplaceallthesecasesalongacontinuumofinterculturalnessfromthemostinterculturaltotheleastintercultural,formanyotherfactorshavetobetakenintoconsiderationifwehavetodecidewhichismoreinterculturalthananother.Forinstance,whethercommunicationbetweenamalemanagerandafemalesecretaryisinterculturalornotand,ifitis,howinterculturalitmaybe,maydependontheculturalandsocialbackgroundsofthetwopersons.Iftheyarefromdrasticallydifferentcultures,communicationbetweenthemissurelyinterculturalandmaybeveryintercultural.Iftheyarefromthesameculture,communicationbetweenthemmaybelittleintercultural.
Thefollowingistentativelysuggestedformeasuringtheinterculturalnessofthecasesofcommunication,andthecasesarepresentedfromthemostinterculturaltotheleastintercultural:
CommunicationbetweenaChineseuniversitystudentandanAmericanprofessor;CommunicationbetweenaCanadiangirlandaSouthAfricanboy;
Communicationbetweenafirst-generationChineseAmericanandthirdgenerationone;CommunicationbetweenabusinesspersonfromHongKongandanartistfromXian;CommunicationbetweenateenagerfromBeijingandateenagerfromTibet;
Communicationbetweenafatherwhoisafarmerallhislifeandhissonwhoworksasanengineer;
Communicationbetweenasoftwaretechnicianandafisherman;
Communicationbetweenamalemanagerandafemalesecretary(supposingtheyareofthesimilarculturalandsocialbackgrounds).
Debate
Theclassistobedividedintotwogroupsanddebateonthetwodifferentviewsmentionedinthefollowingoninterculturalcommunication.Stateyourpointofviewclearlyandsupportyourargumentwithconvincingandsubstantiveevidence.
Pro:
Peoplearepeople;moreinteractionswouldleadtogreaterunderstandingofeachother.
(Commonalityprecedes)
Con:
Peopleareshapedbydifferentenvironmentstheyfindthemselvesin,therefore,thedifferenceoverrides.(Differencesprecedes)
PossibleArgumentsforPro:
1.Humanbeingstendtodrawclosetooneanotherbytheircommonnature.Weallsharethecommonbasicneeds.
2.Rapidexpansionofworldwidetransportationandcommunicationnetworkshavemadeitfareasierthaneverbeforeforpeoplethroughouttheworldtocontactwithoneanother.
3.Theprocessofglobalizationmayreducetheregionaldifferencesbetweenpeople
allovertheworld.Weareallmembersofthe—globalvillage||.
4.Economicinterdependenceintoday‘sworldrequirespeopleofdifferentcountriestointeracton
anunprecedentedscale,andmoreinteractionwillresultinmoresimilarityamongpeople.
5.Moreandmorepeoplefromvariouscultureshavetoworkandlivetogetherandtheywilladapttoeachothertosuchanextentthatculturaldifferencesbetweenthemmaynolongermatter.
PossibleArgumentsforCon:
1.Peoplethroughouttheworldmaybesimilarinmanyaspects,butdifferencesinhabitsandcustomskeepthemapart.
2.Thoughthebasichumanneedsareuniversallythesame,peopleallovertheworldsatisfytheirbasiccommonhumanneedsindifferentways.
3.Asoursocietyisbecomingmoreandmorediversified,differencesbetweenpeopletendtogrowlargerinsomeaspects.
4.Itisdifferencesbetweenpeoplethatunderliethenecessityofcommunication,anditdoesnotfollowthatcommunicationwhichmayincreasethepossibilityofunderstandingbetweenpeoplewillalwaysreducedifferences.
5.Peoplenowadaysaremorelikelytotrytomaintaintheiruniqueculturalidentitieswhentheyfindthemselveslivingcloselywithpeopleofothercultures.
Fromthetwoseeminglyoppositeviewpoints,wecanlearnsomethingthatweshou
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 文化 交际 unit1 答案