联合国海洋法公约英文版.docx

联合国海洋法公约英文版.docx

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联合国海洋法公约英文版

UnitedNationsConventionontheLawoftheSeaof10December1982

PREAMBLE

TheStatesPartiestothisConvention,

APromptedbythedesiretosettle,inaspiritofmutualunderstanding

andcooperation,allissuesrelatingtothelawoftheseaandawareof

thehistoricsignificanceofthisConventionasanimportantcontribution

tothemaintenanceofpeace,justiceandprogressforallpeoplesofthe

world,

NotingthatdevelopmentssincetheUnitedNationsConferencesonthe

LawoftheSeaheldatGenevain1958and1960haveaccentuatedtheneed

foranewandgenerallyacceptableConventiononthelawofthesea,

>

Consciousthattheproblemsofoceanspacearecloselyinterrelated

andneedtobeconsideredasawhole,

>

RecognizingthedesirabilityofestablishingthroughthisConvention,

withdueregardforthesovereigntyofallStates,alegalorderforthe

seasandoceanswhichwillfacilitateinternationalcommunication,and

willpromotethepeacefulusesoftheseasandoceans,theequitableand

efficientutilizationoftheirresources,theconservationoftheir

livingresources,andthestudy,protectionandpreservationofthemarine

erwironment,

Bearinginmindthattheachievementofthesegoalswillcontribute

totherealizationofajustandequitableinternationaleconomicorder

whichtakesintoaccounttheinterestsandneedsofmankindasawhole

and,inparticular,thespecialinterestsandneedsofdeveloping

（x#fhtries,whethercoastalorland-locked,

DesiringbythisConventiontodeveloptheprinciplesembodiedinresolution2749（XXV）of17December1970

inwhichtheGeneralAssembly

oftheUnitedNationssolemnlydeclaredinteraliathattheareaofthe

seabedandoceanfloorandthesubsoilthereof,beyondthelimitsof

nationaljurisdiction,aswellasitsresources,arethecommonheritage

ofmankindftheexplorationandexploitationofwhichshallbecarried

outforthebenefitofmankindasawhole,irrespectiveofthegeographical

locationofStates,

ABelievingthatthecodificationandprogressivedevelopmentofthe

lawoftheseaachievedinthisConventionwillcontributetothestrengtheningofpeace,security,cooperationandfriendlyrelationsamongallnationsinconformitywiththeprinciplesofjusticeandequalrightsandwillpromotetheeconomicandsocialadvancementofallpeoplesoftheworld,inaccordancewiththePurposesandPrinciplesoftheUnitedNationsassetforthintheCharter,

AAffirmingthatmattersnotregulatedbythisConventioncontinuetobegovernedbytherulesandprinciplesofgeneralinternationallaw,

.:

AHaveagreedasfollows:

PARTI

INTRODUCTION

Article1

Useoftermsandscope

1.Fo「thepurposesofthisConvention:

（1）"Area”meanstheseabedandoceanfloorandsubsoilthereof,beyond

thelimitsofnationaljurisdiction;

（2）"'Authority11meanstheInternationalSeabedAuthority;

（3）"activitiesintheArea1'meansallactivitiesofexplorationfor,and

exploitationof,theresourcesoftheArea;

（4）”pollutionofthemarineenvironment"meanstheintroductionbyman,

directlyorindirectly,ofsubstancesorenergyintothemarine

environment,includingestuaries,whichresultsorislikelytoresult

insuchdeleteriouseffectsasharmtolivingresourcesandmarinelife,hazardstohumanhealth,hindrancetomarineactivities,ineludingfishingandotherlegitimateusesofthesea,impairmentofqualityfor

useofseawaterandreductionofamenities;

（5）（a）”dumping”means:

（i）anydeliberatedisposalofwastesorothermatterfromvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-made

structuresatsea;

（ii）anydeliberatedisposalofvessels,aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea;

（b）"dumping”doesnotinclude:

（i）thedisposalofwastesorothermatterincidental

to,orderivedfromthenormaloperationsofvessels,

aircraft,platformsorotherman-madestructuresatseaandtheirequipment,otherthanwastesorother

mattertransportedbyortovessels,aircraft,

platformsorotherman-madestructuresatsea,

operatingforthepurposeofdisposalofsuchmatter

orderivedfromthetreatmentofsuchwastesorother

matteronsuchvessels,aircraft,platformsor

structures;

（ii）placementofmatterforapurposeotherthanthe

meredisposalthereof,providedthatsuchplacementis

notcontrarytotheaimsofthisConvention.

2.

（1）”StatesParties'1meansStateswhichhaveconsentedto

beboundby

thisConventionandforwhichthisConventionisinforce.

（2）ThisConventionappliesmutatismutandistotheentities

referred

inarticle305,paragraph1（b）,（c）,（d）,（e）and（f）,whichbecome

PartiestothisConventioninaccordaneewiththeconditions

relevant

each,andtothatextent"'StatesParties1'referstothoseentities.

PARTII

TERRITORIALSEAANDCONTIGUOUSZONE

SECTION仁GENERALPROVISIONS

Article2

Legalstatusoftheterritorialsea,oftheairspace

overtheterritorialseaandofitsbedandsubsoil

1.ThesovereigntyofacoastalStateextends,beyonditslandterritoryandinternalwatersand,inthecaseofanarchipelagicState,itsarchipelagicwaters,toanadjacentbeltofseafdescribedastheterritorialsea・

2.

seaas

Thissovereigntyextendstotheairspaceovertheterritorial

wellastoitsbedandsubsoil.

Conventionandtootherrulesofinternationallaw.

SECTION2.LIMITSOFTHETECTORIALSEA

Article3

Breadthoftheterritorialsea

EveryStatehastherighttoestablishthebreadthofitsterritorialsea

uptoalimitnotexceeding12nauticalmiles,measuredfrombaselines

determinedinaccordancewiththisConvention.

Article4

Outerlimitoftheterritorialsea

Theouterlimitoftheterritorialseaisthelineeverypointofwhich

isatadistaneefromthenearestpointofthebaselineequaltothebreadth

oftheterritorialsea・

Article5

Normalbaseline

ExceptwhereotherwiseprovidedinthisConvention,thenormalbaseline

formeasuringthebreadthoftheterritorialseaisthelow-waterline

alongthecoastasmarkedonlarge-scalechartsofficiallyrecognizedby

thecoastalState・

Article6

Reefs

Inthecaseofislandssituatedonatollsorofislandshavingfringingreefs,thebaselineformeasuringthebreadthoftheterritorialseaistheseawardlow-waterlineofthereef,asshownbytheappropriatesymbolonchartsofficiallyrecognizedbythecoastalState.

Article7

Straightbaselines

仁Inlocalitieswherethecoastlineisdeeplyindentedandcutinto,or

ifthereisafringeofislandsalongthecoastinitsimmediatevicinity,

themethodofstraightbaselinesjoiningappropriatepointsmaybe

employedindrawingthebaselinefromwhichthebreadthoftheterritorial

seaismeasured・

2.Wherebecauseofthepresenceofadeltaandothernaturalconditions

thecoastlineishighlyunstable,theappropriatepointsmaybeselected

alongthefurthestseawardextentofthelow-waterlineand,

notwithstandingsubsequentregressionofthelow-waterline,thestraight

baselinesshallremaineffectiveuntilchangedbythecoastalStatein

accordaneewiththisConvention.

3.Thedrawingofstraightbaselinesmustnotdeparttoanyappreciable

extentfromthegeneraldirectionofthecoast,andtheseaareaslying

withinthelinesmustbesufficientlycloselylinkedtothelanddomain

tobesubjecttotheregimeofinternalwaters・

4.Straightbaselinesshallnotbedrawntoandfromlow-tideelevations,unlesslighthousesorsimilar

installationswhicharepermanentlyabove

sealevelhavebeenbuiltonthemorexceptininstanceswherethedrawingofbaselinestoandfromsuchelevationshasreceivedgeneralinternationalrecognition.

5.Wherethemethodofstraightbaselinesisapplicableunderparagraph1,accountmaybetaken,indeterminingparticularbaselines,ofeconomicinterestspeculiartotheregionconcerned,therealityandtheimportanceofwhichareclearlyevidencedbylongusage・

6.Thesystemofstraight

baselines

maynotbeapplied

byaStateinsuch

amannerastocutofftheterritorial

seaofanotherState

fromthehigh

seasoranexclusiveeconomiczone.

Article8

Internalwaters

1・ExceptasprovidedinPartIV,watersonthelandwardsideofthe

baselineoftheterritorialseaformpartoftheinternalwatersofthe

State.

2.Wheretheestablishmentofastraightbaselineinaccordancewiththemethodsetforthinarticle7hastheeffectofenclosingasinternal

watersareaswhichhadnotpreviouslybeenconsideredassuch,aright

ofinnocentpassageasprovidedinthisConventionshallexistinthose

waters・

Article9

Mouthsofrivers

Ifariverflowsdirectlyintothesea,thebaselineshallbeastraightlineacrossthemouthoftheriverbetweenpointsonthelow-waterline

ofitsbanks.

ArticlelO

Bays

1.ThisarticlerelatesonlytobaysthecoastsofwhichbelongtoasingleState.

2.ForthepurposesofthisConvention,abayisawell-markedindentation

whosepenetrationisinsuchproportiontothewidthofitsmouthasto

containIand-lockedwatersandconstitutemorethanamerecurvatureof

thecoast.Anindentationshallnot,however,beregardedasabayunless

itsareaisaslargeas,orlargerthan,thatofthesemi-circlewhosediameterisalinedrawnacrossthemouthofthatindentation.

3.Forthepurposeofmeasurement,theareaofanindentationisthatlying

betweenthelow-watermark8「oundtheshoreoftheindentationandalinejoiningthelow-watermarkofitsnaturalentrancepoints.Where,because

ofthepreseneeofislands,anindentationhasmorethanonemouth,the

semi-circleshallbedrawnonalineaslongasthesumtotalofthelengths

ofthelinesacrossthedifferentmouths.Islandswithinanindentationshallbeinclud