游戏活动在初级英语教学中的运用.docx
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游戏活动在初级英语教学中的运用.docx
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游戏活动在初级英语教学中的运用
Contents
Acknowledgmenti
Abstract.ii
摘要iii
1.Introduction1
1.1Anintroductiontogames1
1.2Thehistoryandpresentsituationsofgameteaching2
1.2.1Froebel’sgameteaching2
1.2.2Thetheoryandthepracticeofcontemporarygameteaching2
1.2.3Theproblemsofgameteaching4
2.Thenecessityofusinggamesinlanguageteaching4
2.1Thetheoreticalbackground4
2.1.1Psychologicalbackground4
2.1.2Linguisticbackground5
2.2Theadvantageofusinggames6
3Theprinciplesofusinggames8
3.1Purpose8
3.2Enlightening8
3.3Diversified9
3.4Flexibility9
4.Conclusion10
Bibliography11
游戏活动在初级英语教学中的运用
Acknowledgment
Atthepointoffinishingthis paper,I’dliketoexpressmysincerethankstoallthosewhohavelentmehandsinthecourseofmywritingthispaper.Firstofall,I'dliketotakethisopportunitytoshowmysinceregratitudetomysupervisor,##whohadgivenmesomuchusefuladviceonmywriting,andhadtriedhisbesttoimprovemypaper.Secondly,I’dliketoexpressmygratitudetomyclassmateswhoofferedmereferencesandinformationontime.Lastbutnotleast,I’dliketothankthoseleaders,teachersandworkingstaffin@@UniversityandespeciallythoseintheSchoolofForeignLanguages.Withouttheirhelp,itwouldbemuchharderformetofinishmystudyandthispaper.
Abstract:
TheNewEnglishCurriculumStandarddescribesthattheaimofprimaryEnglishteachingistofosterstudents'interestinlearningaslearningEnglish.However,someEnglishteacherscan’tpreciselyrealizetheaimofEnglishteachingandthedevelopmentofpupils’physiologicalandmentalcharacteristics,whichcan’teffectivelymotivatechildren'sinterest.Therefore,itmessesupprimaryEnglishteaching.PlayinggameinEnglishisoneoftheeffectivewaysinEnglishstudyanditissuitableforthedevelopmentofpupils’physiological,whichcanarousestudents’positivityandinitiative.Thus,teachingefficiencyisenhanced.ThispapertriestomakesomeexplorationofusinggamesinEnglishclassonthesenseandprinciplesinprimaryEnglishteaching.
KeyWords:
interest;Englishgameteaching;primaryEnglish
摘要:
新英语课程标准指出小学阶段英语课程的目的是激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
而现在由于一些教师对小学生英语教学目的认识不清,对小学生的心理了解不够,在教学中不能有效激发学生的兴趣,使小学的英语教学陷入了困境。
而英语游戏教学是英语学习的有效途径且正符合小学生的生理和心理特点,有助与调动学生学习积极性、主动性,从而提高教学效率。
本文试对游戏活动在初级英语教学中的运用的意义及教学原则做一点探索。
关键词:
兴趣;英语游戏教学;初级英语
1.Introduction
1.1Anintroductiontogames
WhataregamesinanEFL/ESLenvironment?
TheanswergivenbytheLongmanDictionaryofLanguageTeachingandAppliedLinguistics(Richards,Plat,1995)is:
Agame(inlanguageteaching)isanorganizedactivitythatusuallyhasthefollowingproperties:
“a.aparticulartaskorobjectives;
b.asetofrules;
c.competitionbetweenplayers
d.communicationbetweenplayersbyspokenorwrittenlanguage.”
Languagegamesarenotactivitiesmainlyaimedtobreaktheicebetweenstudentsortokilltime.Byrne(1995)gavethedefinitiontogamesasaformofplaygovernedbyrules.Theyshouldbeenjoyedandfun.Theyarenotjustadiversion,abreakfromroutineactivities,butawayofgettingthelearnertousethelanguageinthecourseofthegame.Similarly,JillHadfield(1990)definedgamesas“anactivitywithrules,agoalandanelementoffun.”
Fromtheabove,wecansafelydrawnaconclusionthat“game”inlanguageteaching(teachinggame)canbedefinedasanorganizedactivitythatusuallyhasthefollowingproperties:
A.aparticulartaskorobjective;B.asetofrules;C.competitionbetweenplayers;D.communicationbetweenplayersbyspokenorwrittenlanguage.
Thereisawidely-heldlaybeliefthatyoungersecondlanguagelearnersgenerallydobetterthanolderlearners.Childrenexerciseagooddealofbothcognitiveandaffectiveeffortinordertointernalizebothnativeandsecondlanguages.Moreover,oneofmostessentialthingthatteachersteachingchildren’sEnglishshouldmakeallmeanstomotivatetheirspiritandsustaintheirinterestinlearningEnglish.Therefore,mostofthoseteacherschosethemethodbyusinggamesintheteachingprocess,becausegamesusingiscloselyrelatedtocharacteristicsofchildrenfortheirageandtheirfeaturesofpsychology.However,justasweknow,languagelearningisnoteasywork.Inaword,gamescanhelpandencouragemanylearnerstosustaintheirinterestandtheyplayanimportantroleinlanguageteaching:
1.2Thehistoryandpresentsituationsofgameteaching
Gameteachingisoneofteachingactivities.Althoughthetheoryofgameteachingcameintobeinginmoderntimes,fromancienttimes,practiceandexpositionongameteachinghaveexisted.
1.2.1Froebel’sgameteaching
GermaneducatorFriedrichFroebelisthefatherofchildren’seducationinwesterncountries.Froebeldesignedspecialeducationalmaterialsandactivitiesthatformedthecoreofthekindergartencurriculum.Thesewerecalled“gifts”“occupations”and“motherplays.”
Thegiftswereasetofgeometricshapessuchasballs,cubesandcylindersandmaterialslikecutpaperandstring.Childrenusedthesegiftstoperformasequenceofhighlystructuredactivitiescalledoccupations,suchassewingdesignswithcoloredthreads,foldingpaper,weavingmats.Usingtheirgiftsinthevariousoccupations,childrenwerelearninggeometricrelationshipsandunderstandingfundamentalprinciplesofknowledge.Themotherplayswereaseriesoffingerplays,gamesandsongsdesignedtoteachchildrenabouttheirbodies,sensesandenabledchildrentopracticeselfcontrol,cooperation,andtakingturns.
Froebelisconsideredthefirstonewhoprobedintogameteachingsystematicallyandheisalsothefirstonewhoadvocatedthatgamesshouldbeintegratedintolearning.Froebel’stheorywasfirstlybasedonscientificknowledgeofthechildren’spsychologicalandphysiologicaldevelopmentandlaidastrongfoundationofmakinggameteachingripenprogressively.
Butfromthepointofpresentgameteachingofview,Froebel’sgameteachingwasonlycalledteachingpractice.
1.2.2Thetheoryandthepracticeofcontemporarygameteaching
ContemporarygameteachingnotonlybecamethemainactivityofChilders’seducationbutalsoembodieddifferentgradesinprimaryschools.Itbecameoneofeffectivemechanismsoflinkingupkindergartensandprimaryschools.
Educationisthecradleofatalentedperson.Manycountriespaidmuchattentiontoeducation,especiallyelementaryeducation.Howtoimproveteachingqualityintheprimaryschoolandhowtosolvetheproblemofchildren’sinteresthavebecomeveryurgentandimportant?
Introducinglearninggamesintheprimaryschoolhasarousedgeneralconcerninmanycountries.Inthe1940s,Japanstartedstudyingtherelationshipbetweenkindergartensandprimaryschools.Someteachersusedsomeusefulgamesinprimaryschools.Americaneducatorsalsodevotedmuchattentiontothisresearch.Theyusedsomanygamesinprimaryschools.Inthe1950s,intheSovietUniontheteachersinlowergradesadaptedgamestoreducethedegreeofstudyandcreategoodconditionsforlearning.
Fromancienttimes,Chinesepeoplethoughthighlyofchildren'seducation.InSongDynasty,privateschoolspaidmuchattentiontothechildren'sinterests.ZhuXialsostressedtheimportanceofhappyteaching.
Since1949Chineseeducationhaschangedgreatly.Manychildren’seducatorshaveachievedgreatsuccessingameteaching.Theyhavesummedupalotofgamesoractivitiessuchasteachingthroughchildren'ssongs,teachinginsituations,simulatingteaching,PE.gamesandsoon.
Generallyspeaking,teachersshoulddesignanduserichandvariedgamesaccordingtoteachingaims,teachingcontentsandteachingaids,whichprovidedtheabundantsensitivefacultymaterialsforustotallyupthegameteachingmode.
Inthecontemporary,Mr.ChenHeqinwasoneofthegreatesteducatorswhomadetheoutstandingcontributiontoChinesechildren’seducationandsetupthefirstresearchcenterofchildren’seducation-Kindergarten.Manygamestherewerefullofcreating.Heexpoundedthatgameswereactivitiesthatwerebeneficialtochildren'spsychologicalandphysiologicaldevelopment.Onlygamescouldmakechildrenlivelyandteachersshouldmakegooduseofallkindsofgamematerialsandgivethemenoughchancestopracticeaccordingtotheirage.
Frommodernagetothecontemporary,gameteachingtheoryhasbeenimprovedstepbystep.Manyeducators,philosophersorthinkersencouragedchildrentoplaygames.Theypresentedgamesshouldbeintegratedwithlearning.Now,moreandmorepeopleabroadandathomecometorealizetheimportanceandtheurgencyofgameteachingintheprimaryschool.Asweallknow,gameteachingisaveryusefulwaytoimproveprimaryschoolEnglishteachingeffectiveness.
1.2.3Theproblemsofgameteaching
Fromabovedomesticandforeigngametheory,wehavediscoveredthat,atpresentthedomesticandforeigngametheoryhadtheverybigdevelopment,intheteachingtestedalsoaccumulatedmanypreciousexperiences,thesetheoriesinspectedintheeducationtodayregardingusthegamefactorstillhastheextremelyimportantinspirationsignificance.Butonlyhassuchdiscussionisbyfarinsufficient.Thesetheorieslookedlikeintoday,stillhadthedeficiency,mainlymanifestedinfollowingseveralaspects:
First,therearerecentyearsofgameteachingandithasbeenwidelyappliedintheteachingactivity,butthesegamesallisaimsatthepre-schooleducationandtheelementaryschoollowergradevariousdiscipline.Thegamedesignsalsoallareaimlowergradeelementaryschoolstudents.Alsolackstheenoughresearchtoeachkindofagesectiondisciplinegameteaching.Secon
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- 游戏 活动 初级 英语教学 中的 运用
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