新东方初三语法特训.docx
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新东方初三语法特训.docx
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新东方初三语法特训
中考英语特训班语法
主讲:
刘飞飞
欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材
第一课时
英语的三个重要特征:
1.曲折变化形式相对较少2.词汇比较开放性3.句法灵活
语法从两方面来研究:
1.词法名词(noun)n.例:
John,Beijing,pen,water,live,potato,tomato代词(pronoun)pron.例:
they,that,some形容词(adjective)a.例:
happy,young,clever,big动词(verb)v.例:
write,play,jump,sing,am/is/are,go,come,have数词(numeral)num.例:
thefirst/second/third,eight,hundred,million副词(adverb)adv.例:
always,very,clearly,hardly冠词(article)art.例:
a,an,the介词(preposition)prep.例:
from,on,between,of连词(conjunction)conj.例:
and,or,but,if,when感叹词(interjection)interj.例:
oh,aha,hello
2.名词
名词的分类:
1.名词的定义:
表示人、事物、抽象概念2.分两类:
专有名词与普通名词第二种划分:
可数名词(C)与不可数名词(U)区分可数不可数名词非常重要,1.不能完全按照汉语的逻辑来分例:
bread,furniture2.可数名词与不可数名词不是一成不变的总结:
glass(玻璃),aglass(玻璃杯)paper(纸),apaper(论文)wood(木头)awoodbeauty,light等
2.1.名词的数:
名词如何以单数变为复数形式
1.通常,单数名词后面+s,例:
book,table,lake,dog,cat2.以ch,sh,s,x,z结尾的,+es,:
match,bush,bus,box,quiz3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,y变i,再+es:
例:
lazy,family4.以0结尾的名词,+es,初中学到的有四个,例:
tomato,hero,potato等其他的直接+s
5.以f,fe结尾的,把f,fe变成v,再+es不规则变化第一种:
tooth,teeth;foot,feet;goose,geese;ox,oxen;man,men;woman,women;child,children;mouse,mice;louse,lice第二类:
复数形式与单数形式是一样的sheep,sheep;Chinese.Chinese;Japanese,japanese;deer,deer;fish,fish;shark,shark;
2.2.名词的格
主宾格,也叫所有格;只有所有格才有形式上的变化两种形式:
(1)名词+'s;构成有生命的名词的属格
(2)of(介词)+名词;构成表示没有生命名词的属格
3冠词
不定冠词a,an定冠词the不定冠词a,ana用在以辅音发音开头的可数名词前面;an用在元音发音的词前面不定冠词a,来源于数字one;与可数名词单数连接
第二课时
a,an,the的用法:
1.不定冠词aan,用在单数的可数名词之前,表示某一个2.用在单数名词之前,翻译成任何、每一,用来表示泛指3.文章中第一次出现,我们用a,an;第二次提到则用the4.固定搭配:
5.一定不能用a,an的情况
定冠词the的用法
1.定冠词与名词连用,表示特指
Manypeoplecomeheretovisittheoldschool2.定冠词出现在文章中第二次出现的名词之前
Igotaletteryesterday.theletterwassentbye-mail.
Theywentintoaroom.Theroomwasfullofpeople.3.用在双方都知道的人和事物的情况
Let’sgototheclassroom..
Pleaseclosethedoor.4.表示世界上,宇宙中独一无二的事物
Thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky,theuniverse,theworld5.定冠词用在序数词之前,表示顺序
Iliveonthethirdfloor.Thethird,thesecond,thefirst6.用在形容词最高级之前
Themostbeautifulgirl,themostinteresting7.乐器的前面一般也要加the
Playthepiano,playtheviolin,playtheguitar8.用在某些名词或形容词之前表示某一类,一个民族,一个阶层
TheChinese,therich,thepoor,theold,theyoung,thedead,theliving,thedeaf
注意:
后面的动词要用复数形式
如theoldaren’talwayshappy.
9.有些国家名词之前要加the
thePeople’sRepbulicofChina,theUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom
10用在公共建筑前面,
theBeijingstation,theGreatWall,thehistorymuseum
10.用在表示机关,团体等名词之前
theStateCouncil(国务院)
12.固定搭配:
inthemiddleof,tellthetruth,telllies,intheair(在空中),inthedistance,intheend,ontheright,ontheleft,bytheway,inthedark,inthefuture,
13.不用定冠词the
(1)不用在所有格词与物主形容词之后
itismybag
(2)不用在复数名词之前(3)固定用法,例:
gohome,gotoschool,gotobed(4)交通工具前面不加冠词,例:
bycar,byship,byplane,onfoot(5)表学科之前不加the
IamlearningFrenchnow.
English,Chinese,mathematics,art,music,history(6)月份,季节,节日,星期之前不加
NationalDay,Teacher’sDay,MerryChrismas,happynewyear,
onMonday,inJanuary,inFeburary,inspring,inwinter(7)头衔之前也不加
heismonitorofourclass.
Heismanagerofourcompany,
BushispresidentoftheUS.(8)固定词组中不加例:
athome,bymistake,learnsthbyheart,atfirst,dayandnight,atlast,inhospital,inperson(亲自),makefunofmakeroomfor(为。
。
。
腾地方),makesense(有道理),makefriendswith
练习题
1.—Arethose________?
—No,theyaren't.They're________.
A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cow
C.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows
2.________aremadeofmetalandwood.
A.KnivesB.Knifes
C.KniviesD.knives
3.Howwonderful!
The________ismadeof________.
A.house;glassB.house;glasses
C.houses;glassD.houses;glasses
4.September10is________Day.
A.Teachers'B.Teacher's
C.TeacherD.Teachers
5.Couldyougiveme________please?
A.twopieceofpaperB.twopieceofpapers
C.twopiecesofpaperD.twopiecesofpapers
6.—WhichofthefollowinganimalslivesonlyinChina?
—The________.
A.monkeyB.elephant
C.pandaD.cat
7.What'stheChinesefor"PRC"?
A.中国人民解放军B.中华人民共和国
C.联合国D.中国共产党
8.Ican'tgetonthebus,becausethereis________onit.
A.notanyroomsB.norooms
C.littleroomD.fewroom
9.March8is________Day.
A.Womans'B.Womens'
C.Woman'sD.Women's
10.—WhatcanIdoforyou?
—I'dlike________andamooncake.
A.somemilkB.somemilks
C.anymilkD.anymilks
11.Thevegetablemarketis________walkfromourschool.
A.aquarterofanhours'B.aquarter-of-an-hour's
C.aquarterofanhour'sD.aquarter-of-an-hours'
12.Therearetwelve________inayear.
A.monthB.monthes
C.monthsD.themonth
13.Howmany________arethereinyourfamily?
A.peopleB.peoples
C.thepeopleD.thepeople
14.NewYorkisacityin________.
A.theUSAB.Japan
C.FranceD.Australia
15.Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded________.
A.onOctober1,1949B.1949,onOctober1
C.inOctober1,1949D.1949,inOctober1
16.It'sabout________walkfrommyhometothepark.
A.twohours.B.twohour's
C.twohours'D.twoofhours
17.Weforgotbothofthe________.
A.rooms'numbersB.roomnumber
C.room'snumbersD.roomnumbers
18.Thosebooksintheclassroomare________.
A.JimandDickB.Jim'sandDick's
C.Jim'sandDickD.JimandDick's
19.Physics________adifficultlesson,soI'mgoingtodropit.
A.isB.was
C.areD.were
20.LiuMetisa________girl,sheistheshortestoneinherclass.
A.sixteen-years-oldB.sixteen-old-years
C.sixteen-year-oldD.sixteen-old-year
52.Thoughthefirstletteris________"u"intheword"useful",wemustsay"________usefulbook".
A.a;aB./;a
C./;anD.an;an
53.________herealwayssitbefore________TVsetwatchingfootballmatchesiftheyhavetime.
A.Thepeople;/B.People;the
C.People;/D.Thepeople;a
54.Therearesixofficesonthefifthfloorand________biggestoneisMrTang's.
A.aB.an
C.theD.不填
55.Wecan'tsee________sunat________night.
A.a;/B.a;the
C.the;/D.the;the
56.We'llgiveourEnglishteacheracardfor________
A.TheTeacher'sDayB.Teacher'sDay
C.ATeacher'sDayD.Teachers'Day
57.________BrownsaregoingtotheparkthisSunday.
A.AB.An
C.D.The
58.Thefootballhithim________.
A.intheheadB.onhisface
C.inhisfaceD.onthehead
59.Doyouknow________girloverthereinaredcoat?
A.aB.an
C.theD./
60.________usefulgameyouareplaying!
A.WhatB.Whata
C.WhatanD.How
61.Theyhad________after________supperthatevening.
A.agoodtime...theB.goodtime.../
C.goodtime...theD.agoodtime.../
62.Thereis________"u"intheword"found"and________letterisinthemiddleofthisword.
A.an;theB.a;the
C.a;aD.the;the
数词
基数词
(1)表示数目数量的多少的词
(2)基本的基数词:
13-19应该注意的词:
thirteen,fifteen,eighteen20-90应该注意的词:
twenty,thirty,forty,fifty几十几:
21twenty-one32thirty-two三位数:
148onehundredandforty-eight414fourhundredandfourteen千以上的数字:
thousand,million,billion2510twothousend,twohoundredandten84296eighty-fourthousend,twohounrendandninety-six序数词表示数目顺序的词,一般在词尾加th,例:
fourth第1-第19:
first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth第20-第90:
基数词的y变成i,再加eth,例:
thirtieth千百万直接加th,hundredth,thousendth,millionth几十几:
只有个位用序数词。
132onehundredandthirty-second
数词的句法功能:
相当于名词和形容词的句法功能主语,宾语,表语,定语,同位例:
Twowerelateyesterday.Iameigthteen.Givemefour.Wehavesixsubjectsthisterm.WetwohavebeentoBeijing.
数词的应用1.数词表示钟点
(1)基数词+o'clock。
-Wahttimeisit.-Itisfiveo'clock./Itisfive.Weoftengetupatsixo'clock.
2.表示编号例:
lessonone,thefirstlessoncharpertwo,thesecondcharperbusNO.three,theNO.thirdbus3.表示年月日例:
公元前358,读:
threefifty-eightB.C公元573,读:
fiveseventy-threeA.D1997年,读:
nineteenninety-seven1900年,读:
nineteenhounred1905年,读:
nineteenhounredandfive2000年,读:
twothousand2005年,读:
twothousandandfivethe1990's或1990s,读:
thenineteenninetiesthe20thcentury,读:
thetwentiethcentury1月January2月February3月March4月April5月May6月June7月July8月August9月September10月October11月November12月December
2003年10月1日:
Oct.thefirst,twothousandthree
第三课时
4.用数词表示分数例:
1/4onefourth3/4threefourths1/4aquarter3/4threequarters1/2ahalf
形容词
定义:
有形容功能、形容作用的词;用来描写或者修饰名词、代名词(简称代词);说明人或者事物的归属类、性质、状态、大小或者数量;
形容词的分类:
(按照不同的标准)简单形容词:
good(好的)、small(小的)复合形容词:
homesick(想家的)、goodlooking(好看的)、easygoing(随和的)
形容词在句子中的作用(用法):
1)在句子中做定语,做名词的前置定语;这是本有趣的书。
Itisaninterestingbook.agoodman、agoodlookinggirl2)在句子中做表语;表语一般放在系动词后;例:
Heisill.
我一个人在那个房子里。
Iwasaloneinthehouse.
3)在句子中做补语(宾语补足语);例:
这个好消息使他很高兴。
Thegoodnewsmadehimhappy.Hewasbornrich.
形容词在句子中出现的位置:
1)在名词短语中,形容词做定语修饰名词时;位置通常是:
限定词+形容词+名词(形容词在名词前面)例:
这是本有趣的书。
Thisisaninterestingbook.她有一件漂亮的裙子。
Shehasabeautifuldress.Sheismybestfriend.blacktea(红茶)sweetpotato(红薯).注意:
在不定代词出现的时候,形容词修饰不定代词,形容词后置;不定代词:
这个代词并不确定这个名词是何物或者何人例:
somethinganythingnothingeverythingsomebodysomeoneanybodyanyoneeverybodyeveryonenobodynooneIhavesomethingimportanttosay.Thereissomethingwrongwithmycar.
多个形容词如何排列位置
形容词分为:
1)观点形容词;完全表述个人主观上对事物的看法;goodlovelybeautifulhandsomeuglyclever2)事实形容词;用来描述事物本身固有特征的;blueyellowdarkwhiteroundsquarea、表示尺寸大小的;bigsmalllongshorthighlowb、表示形状的形容词;wideroundsquaretrianglec、表示一件事物新旧的;
newoldd、表示颜色的;
blackpurpleredyellowgraycolourfule、表示国籍、出处的:
EnglishChineseJapaneseGermanAsiaAmericanf、表示质地、材料的;
stonewoodpapersilvermetal
一般先说观点形容词,再说事实形容词;
例:
一件漂亮的白色的衣服。
Itisabeautifulwhitedress.这是一个很好的红苹果。
Agoodredapple.
事实形容词出现时顺序:
abcdef+名词
例:
一张大大的、圆圆的木头桌子。
一个黑色的、小小的塑料袋子。
largeroundwoodenblacksmallplasticAlargeroundwoodentable.Asmallblackplaticbag.
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