单词英语考试外语学习教育专区doc.docx

单词英语考试外语学习教育专区doc.docx

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单词英语考试外语学习教育专区doc

cultural

adjective\kalch-rol,kel-ch9-\

:

oforrelatingtoaparticulargroupofpeopleandtheirhabits,beliefs,traditions,etc.

:

oforrelatingtothefinearts（suchasmusic,theater,painting,etc.）

regional

adjective\rOj-nel,re-je-nal\

1:

affectingaparticularregion:

LOCALIZED

2:

of,relatingto,characteristicof,orservingaregion

3:

markedbyregionalism

noun

:

something（asabranchofano「ganizationoraneditionofamagazine）thatservesaregionadjective\rej-an」l,-nel\（MedicalDictionary）

Medical：

of,relatingto,oraffectingaparticularbodilyregion:

LOCALIZED

diversity

noun\de-vQr-S8-te,dT-\

:

thequalityorstateofhavingmanydifferentforms,types,ideas,etc.

:

thestateofhavingpeoplewhoaredifferentracesorwhohavedifferentculturesinagroupororganization

appropriate

transitiveverb\a-pro-pre-at\

:

togetorsave（money）foraspecificuseorpurpose

:

totakeoruse（something）especiallyinawaythatisillegal,unfair,etc.

adjective\q-prd-pre-at\

:

rightorsuitedforsomepurposeorsituation

justicenoun\jas-tes\

:

theprocessorresultofusinglawstofairlyjudgeandpunishcrimesandcriminals

:

ajudgeinacourtoflaw

Justice—usedasatitleforajudge（suchasajudgeoftheU.S.SupremeCourt）

noun（ConciseEncyclopedia）

Inphilosophy,theconceptofaproperproportionbetweenaperson'sdeserts（whatismerited）andthegoodandbadthingsthatbefallorareallottedtohimorher.ARISTOTLE’SdiscussionofthevirtueofjusticehasbeenthestartingpointforalmostallWesternaccounts.Forhim,thekeyelementofjusticeistreatinglikecasesalike,anideathathassetlaterthinkersthetaskofworkingoutwhichsimilarities（need,desert,talent）arerelevant.Aristotledistinguishesbetweenjusticeinthedistributionofwealthorothergoods（distributivejustice）andjusticeinreparation,as,forexample,inpunishingsomeoneforawronghehasdone（retributivejustice）.Thenotionofjusticeisalsoessentialinthatofthejuststate,acentralconceptinpoliticalphilosophy.Seealsolaw.

unacceptable

adjective\en-ik-sep-te-bal,-ak-\

:

notpleasingorwelcome:

notacceptable

threshold

noun\thresh-hold,thre-shdld\

:

apieceofwood,metal,orstonethatformsthebottomofadoorandthatyouwalkoverasyouenteraroomorbuilding

:

thepointorlevelatwhichsomethingbeginsorchanges

disastrous

adjective\di-zas-tresalso-sas-\

:

causinggreatsufferingorloss

:

verybadorunfortunate

resource

noun\re-sors,-zors,ri-\

:

somethingthatacountryhasandcanusetoincreaseitswealth

:

asupplyofsomething（suchasmoney）thatsomeonehasandcanusewhenitisneeded

:

aplaceorthingthatprovidessomethinguseful

fair

adjective\fer\

:

agreeingwithwhatisthoughttoberightoracceptable

:

treatingpeopleinawaythatdoesnotfavorsomeoverothers

:

nottooharshorcritical

SynonymDiscussionofFAIR

FAIR,JUST,EQUITABLE,IMPARTIAL,UNBIASED,DISPASSIONATE,OBJECTIVEmeanfreefromfavortowardeitheroranyside・FAIRimpliesaproperbalanceofconflict!

nginterests・JUSTimpliesanexactfollowingofastandardofwhatisrightandproper.EQUITABLEimpliesalessrigorousstandardthanJUSTandusuallysuggestsequaltreatmentofallconcerned・IMPARTIALstressesanabseneeoffavororprejudicevanimpartialthirdparty>.UNBIASEDimpliesevenmorestronglyanabseneeofallprejudice.

DISPASSIONATEsuggestsfreedomfromtheinfluenceofstrongfeelingandoftenimpliescoolorevencoldjudgment.OBJECTlVEstressesatendencytovieweventsorpersonsasapartfromoneselfandone'sowninterestorfeelings<1can'tbeobjectiveaboutmyownchild>.

noun\fer\

1obsolete:

beauty,fairness

2:

somethingthatisfairorfortunate（see1FAIR）

3archaic:

woman；especially:

sweetheart

—forfair

:

tothegreatestextentordegree:

FULLY

—nofair

:

somethingthatisnotaccordingtotherulesadverb\fer\

1:

inamannerthatishonestorimpartialorthatconformstorules:

inafairmanner2:

chieflyBritish:

FAIRLY3

sideeffect

noun

:

anoftenharmfulandunwantedeffectofadrugorchemicalthatoccursalongwiththedesiredeffect

:

aresultofanactionthatisnotexpectedorintended

Medical：

asecondaryandusuallyadverseeffect（asofadrug）—calledalsosidereaction

viciouscircle

noun

:

arepeatingsituationorconditioninwhichoneproblemcausesanotherproblemthatmakesthefirstproblemworse

trade-off

noun\trad-of\

:

asituationinwhichyoumustchoosebetweenorbalaneetwothingsthatareoppositeorcannotbehadatthesametime

:

somethingthatyoudonotwantbutmustacceptinordertohavesomethingthatyouwant

distribution

noun\dis-tra・byu-shan\

:

theactofgivingordeliveringsomethingtopeople

:

theactofdeliver!

ngsomethingtoastoreorbusiness

:

thewaythatsomethingisdividedorspreadout

slipperyslope

noun

:

aprocessorseriesofeventsthatishardtostoporcontrolonceithasbegunandthatusuallyleadstoworseormoredifficultthings

privacy

noun\prT-va-se,especiallyBritishpri-\

:

thestateofbeingalone:

thestateofbeingawayfromotherpeople:

thestateofbeingawayfrompublicattention

paradox

noun\per-o・daks,pa-re-\

:

something（suchasasituation）thatismadeupoftwooppositethingsandthatseemsimpossiblebutisactuallytrueorpossible

:

someonewhodoestwothingsthatseemtobeoppositetoeachotherorwhohasqualitiesthatareopposite

:

astatementthatseemstosaytwooppositethingsbutthatmaybetrue

Medical:

aninstanceofaparadoxicalphenomenonorreaction

supply

verb\sa-pli\

:

tomake（something）availabletobeused:

toprovidesomeoneorsomethingwith（somethingthatisneededorwanted）

noun

:

theamountofsomethingthatisavailabletobeused

supplies:

things（suchasfood,equipment,fuel,etc.）thatareneededforaparticularpurposeandthatwillbeusedbyaparticularpersonorgroup

:

theprocessorsystembywhichsomethingisprovidedtoaperson,place,etc.

demand

noun\di-mand,-m召nd,de-\

:

aforcefulstatementinwhichyousaythatsomethingmustbedoneorgiventoyou

:

astrongneedforsomething

:

theabilityandneedordesiretobuygoodsandservices

verb

:

tosayinaforcefulwaythatsomethingmustbedoneorgiventoyou:

tosaythatyouhavearightto（something）

:

tosayorask（something）inaveryforcefulway

:

torequire（something）

unprecedented

adjective\pre-sa-den-tad\

:

notdoneorexperieneedbefore

taxation

nounMak-sa-shen\

:

theaction,process,orsystemoftaxingpeopleorthings

perspective

noun\par-spek-tiv\

archaic:

anopticalglass（asatelescope）

noun\per・spek-tiv\

1

a:

thetechniqueorprocessofrepresentingonaplaneorcurvedsurfacethespatialrelationofobjectsastheymightappeartotheeye;specifically:

representationinadrawingorpaintingofparallellinesasconverginginordertogivetheillusionofdepthanddistanee

b:

apictureinperspective

2

a:

theinterrelationinwhichasubjectoritspartsarementallyviewed

POlNTOFVIEW

b:

thecapacitytoviewthingsintheirtruerelationsorrelativeimportance

3

a:

avisibleseene;especially:

onegivingadistinctiveimpressionofdistanee:

VISTA

b:

amentalvieworprospect

4

:

theappearancetotheeyeofobjectsinrespecttotheirrelativedistanceandpositions

——per・spec・tiv・al\par-spek-ti-vel,par-（）spek・U・v3\adjective

adjective\par-spek-tiv\

1

obsolete:

aidingthevisionvhiseyesshouldbelikeuntothewrongendofaperspectiveglass—AlexanderPope>

2

:

of,relatingto,employing,orseeninperspective（see-PERSPECTIVE）

noun（ConciseEncyclopedia）

Depictionofthree-dimensionalobjectsandspatialrelationshipsonatwo・dimensionalplane.InWesternart,illusionsofvolumeandspacearegenerallycreatedbyuseofthelinearperspectivesystem,basedontheobservationthatobjectsappeartoshrinkandparallellinestoconvergeataninfinitelydistantvanishingpointastheyrecedeinspacefromtheviewer.ThevanishingpointmayhavebeenknowntotheGreeksandRomansbuthadbeenlostuntilFlLIPPOBRUNELLESCHIrediscoveredtheprinciplesoflinearorwmathematicalnperspectiveearlyinthe15thcentury.LinearperspectivedominatedWesternpaintinguntilthelate19thcentury,whenpAULQEZANNEflattenedtheconventionalpictureplane.TheCUBISTSandother20th-centurypaintersabandoneddepictionofthree・dimensionalspacealtogether.Seea/S0AERIALPERSPECTIVE.

consequently

adverb\kan（t）-se-kwent-le,・si・kwont・\

:

asaresult:

inviewoftheforegoing:

ACCORDINGLY

obvious

adjective\ab-ve-es\:

easytoseeornotice

:

easyforthemindtounderstandorrecognize

Democracy

1.a:

governmentbythepeople;especially:

ruleofthemajority

b:

agovernmentinwhichthesupremepowerisvestedinthepeopleandexercisedbythemdirectlyorindirectlythroughasystemofrepresentationusuallyinvolvingperiodicallyheldfreeelections

2:

apoliticalunitthathasademocraticgovernment

3：

capitalized:

theprinciplesandpoli