牛津版八年级英语暑假班L1 The Zipper名词阅读A篇词汇U1.docx
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牛津版八年级英语暑假班L1 The Zipper名词阅读A篇词汇U1.docx
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牛津版八年级英语暑假班L1TheZipper名词阅读A篇词汇U1
Lesson1Thezipper
Let’sRead
Thezipperisawonderfulinvention.Howdidpeopleeverlivewithoutzippers?
Theyareverycommon,soweforgetthattheyarewonderful.Theyareverystrong,buttheyopenandcloseveryeasily.Theycomeinmanycoloursandsizes.
Inthe1890s,peopleintheUnitedStatesworehighshoeswithalongrowofbuttons.Clothesoftenhadrowsofbuttons,too.Peoplewishedthatclotheswereeasiertoputonandtakeoff.
WhitcombL.Judson,anengineerfromtheUnitedStates,inventedthezipperin1893.However,hiszippersdidn’tstayclosedverywell.Thiswasembarrassing,andpeopledidn’tbuymanyofthem.ThenDr.GideonSundbackfromSwedensolvedthisproblem.Hiszipperstayedclosed.
Azipperhasthreeparts:
1.Therearedozensofmetalorplastichooks(calledteeth)intworows.
2.Thesehooksarefastenedto(固定于)twostripsofcloth.Theclothstripsareflexible.Theybendeasily.
3.Afastener(扣件)slidesalongandjoinsthehookstogether.Whenitslidestheotherway,ittakesthehooksapart.
Dr.Sundbackputthehooksonstripsofcloth.Theclothholdsallthehooksinplace.Theydidn’tcomeapartveryeasily.Thissolvedtheproblemofthefirstzippers.
I.Vocabulary
A.Matcheachwordwiththerightpicture.
1.button______
2.astripofcloth______
3.bend______
4.zipper______
AB.C.D
B.Puttherightwordineachblank.Thesentencesarefromthetext.
zipper
embarrassing
hooks
dozens
solved
bend
fastened
apart
strips
row
engineer
slides
1.Inthe1890s,peopleintheUnitedStatesworehighshoeswithalong__________ofbuttons.
2.Thereare__________ofmetalorplastic__________(calledteeth)intworows.
3.The__________isawonderfulinvention.
4.Afastener__________alongandjoinsthehookstogether.
5.WhitcombL.Judson,an__________fromtheUnitedStates,inventedthezipperin1893.
6.Whenitslidestheotherway,ittakesthehooks__________.
7.Thiswas__________,andpeopledidn’tbuymanyofthem.
8.They__________easily.
9.Thesehooksare__________totwo__________ofcloth.
10.ThenDr.GideonSundbackfromSweden__________thisproblem.
C.Puttherightwordineachblank.Thesearenewsentencesforthewordsinthetext.
fasteners
engineer
buttons
slide
apart
hook
dozen
strips
solve
bend
embarrassed
rows
1.Icyroadsaredangerousbecausecars__________onthem.
2.Pamcutapieceofpaperintofive__________.
3.Sometimesyourfacegetsredwhenyoufeel__________.
4.Doyouliketo__________mathproblems?
5.Youcancatchfishwitha__________.
6.Hooks,buttons,andzippersareall__________.
7.Americansupermarketsselleggsbythe__________.
8.TonyandGeorgehadanapartmenttogether,butnowtheylive__________.
9.Studentssitinacircleinsomeclasses.Theysitin__________inothers.
10.You__________yourkneeswhenyousitdown.
11.Mostpantsandjacketshave__________.
12.An__________knowshowtobuildaroad.
D.MatcheachwordwiththerightsoundandChinesemeaning.Writethecorrectnumberorletterinthetable.
Words
engineer
fasten
common
slide
solve
bend
embarrassing
flexible
Chinesemeaning
A.n.工程师
B.adj.灵活的,易弯曲的
C.vt.解决
D.adj.使人尴尬的
E.vt.使……稳固
F.adj.普通的
G.vi.滑落
H.vi.弯曲;vt.(使)弯曲
Word
Sound
Chinesemeaning
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
6.__________
7.__________
8.__________
II.Readingcomprehension
A.Choosethebestanswer.
()1.Thezipperwasinventedin______.(★)
A.1890B.1893C.1980D.1983
()2.Mr.Judsondidn’tsellmanyzippersbecause______.(★)
A.theywerehardtoopenandcloseB.peoplelikedrowsofbuttons
C.theycameopenveryeasilyD.theyhadclothstrips
()3.Azipperhas______stripsofcloth.(★)
A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four
()4.Theunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph“solve”means______.(★★)
A.workoutB.lookoutC.findoutD.pickout
()5.Whichofthefollowingstatementistrue?
(★★)
A.Thehooksonzipperarecloth.
B.Mr.JudsonwasfromSweden.
C.Dr.Sundbackinventedthebuttonhook.
D.Zippersalwayscomeapartveryeasily.
()6.Thepassageismainlyabout______.(★★★)
A.azipperhashooks,clothstrips,andaslidefastener
B.peopledidn’tlikethefirstzippers
C.Mr.JudonandDr.Sundbackgaveusawonderfulinvention,thezipper
D.zippersareoneofthemostusefulinventions
一、名词的分类
类别
意义
例词
专有名词
表示人、地方、组织结构或事物等专有的名称
Paris,Britain,theGreatWall,John
普
通
名
词
可数名词
个体名词
表示个别人和事物的名称
apple,lawyer,dictionary
集体名词
表示若干人和事物的总称
class,family,people,police,team
不可数名词
物质名词
表示物质或材料的名称
bread,rice,water,milk,furniture
抽象名词
表示性质、行为、状态和情感等抽象概念的名称
happiness,weather
二、名词的数
1)规则变化
①一般名词后面加s
month-months,bird-birds
②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词,后面加es
classes,boxes,matches
③以o结尾的名词,有的加es(有生命的)
有的加s(无生命的)
heroes,tomatoes,potatoes
radios,zoos,bamboos,pianos,photos
④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i再加es
cities,countries,parties,factories
⑤以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v再加es
knife-knives,wolf-wolves,scarf-scarves
例外:
roof-roofs,chief-chiefs
2)不规则变化
单复数同形
sheep,fish,deer,Chinese,Japanese
元音变化
man-men,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,goose-geese
其他形式
child-children,mouse-mice
man与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时,两者都要改为复数
twowomendoctors,tenmendrivers
注意:
German-Germans,human-humans
(1)单数变复数记忆口诀:
单数变为复数式,后加s统言之。
有些名词须注意,要加s先加e。
还有辅音加o时。
辅音加y变ie,f/fe结尾改ve。
少数名词不规则,男女脚牙鹅孩子,日本绵羊中国鱼,特殊变化要硬记。
(2)巧记以o,f(fe)结尾的名词变复数两则
①Negroeseatpotatoes,heroeseattomatoes.黑人吃土豆,英雄吃番茄。
②Thewivesofthievescutthewolvesintohalveswithknives,andcoveredthemwithleavesbehindshelves.小偷的妻子用刀把狼宰成几半,然后用树叶将其盖在了书架后面。
(3)巧记各国人的单、复数变化口诀:
中日不变,英法a、e变,其他s加后边
三、名词的数量表达
只修饰可数名词
只修饰不可数名词
可数、不可数名词均可修饰
基数词
(a)few/fewer/toofew
(a)little/less/toolittle
all,enough,none,most
acoupleof,many
(not)toomany
much,toomuch,(not)toomuch
some,any,enough
hundredsof,thousandsof,
millionsof,billionsof,several
abitof,bitsof
alotof,lotsof,massesof
dozensof,scoresof
agreatdealof
plenty/piles/heapsof
a(great/large)numberof
manya,agreat/goodmany
alargeamountof,anamountof
large/hugeamountsof
largequantitiesof
alargequantityof
四、名词的所有格
形式
使用场合及构成方法
举例
’s属格
多用在有生命的名词后;
单数及不以s结尾的复数名词直接加’s;
两人共有的只在一个词尾加’s
Bob’sandJim’sbikes(两人各有)
BobandJim’sschool(两人共有)
men’sroom,children’scaps,mice’stails
用在时间、地点、重量、距离、价格等名词后,多数复数名词词尾只加’
today’swork,twoweeks’holiday,China’sdevelopment,tenmiles’distance,
apond’sweight,100dollars’value
用在“某人的家”或“某种店铺、诊所”等
atthetailor’s(shop),tomyaunt’s(house)
thebarber’s(理发店),atthedoctor’s(在诊所)
of属格
多用在无生命事物的名词前或名词的定语较长时
amanoftheworld,thelegofthetable
thenameoftheboysittinginbed
双重属格
当a,an,this,that,those,some,any,several,no,every,such,another等与名词所有格共同修饰一个名词时
afriendofmine,severalclassmatesofTom’s,apictureofherson’s
她儿子的一张照片(属于儿子所有)
apictureofherson
(她儿子本人的照片)(不是别人)
I.Choosethebestanswer.(选择最恰当的答案)
()1.Theyarethose______bags.Pleaseputthemonthebus.(★)
A.visitorB.visitorsC.visitor’sD.visitors’
()2.Tonyborrowedsomebooksfromthelibrarytogetsome______aboutWesternculture.(★)
A.pictureB.storyC.ideaD.information
()3.Itisnotsafeforteenagerstogiveouttoomuch_____aboutthemselvesontheInternet.(★)
A.informationB.questionsC.ideasD.knowledge
()4.Youcangetmany______toimproveyourmemoryfromreadingthemagazine.(★)
A.waysB.adviceC.informationD.news
()5.Imustgotothesupermarketnow.Therearefew______here.(★)
A.riceB.milkC.meatD.eggs
()6.Mr.Blackisateacherfullof______.Yesterdayhetoldushis______intheU.S.(★★)
A.experiences…experiencesB.experience…experience
C.experience…experiencesD.experiences…experience
()7.Ilikethesedishes,but______isalittlesmaller.(★★)
A.thetea’scupB.thecupofthetea
C.acupofteaD.theteacup
()8.Peoplewaste______watereveryday,itisnotgood.(★★)
A.alargenumberofB.ahugeamountof
C.manyD.quitealot
()9.Thereis______breadinmyfridge.Pleasebuy______onyourwayhome.(★★)
A.alittle…someB.alittle…any
C.little…someD.little…any
()10.Thereisno______intheroom.Let’sgotogetsome.(★★)
A.chairsB.cottonC.desksD.books
()11.______thatpairofnew______expensive?
(★★)
A.Is…shoeB.Are…shoeC.Is…shoesD.Are…shoes
()12.Thewaitressboughtus______,she’snice.(★★)
A.glassesofjuicesB.glassesofjuice
C.glassofjuicesD.glassofjuice
()13.______roomisverynice.Iwantaroomlikeit.(★★)
A.Tom’sandJohn’sB.Tom’sandjohn
C.TomandJohn’sD.TomandJohn
()14.Thefarmerhas______sheeponthefarm.Heisveryhappy.(★★)
A.alargenumberofB.ahugeamountof
C.muchD.quitealot
()15.______funitistojumpintoapoolorgoswimminginsummer!
(★★)
A.HowB.WhataC.WhatanD.What
()16.UncleTomraisesmany______onhisfarmandweoftengothereforavisit.(★★)
A.sheepB.horseC.pigD.bird
()17.Thedoctortoldmetoeatmorehealthyfoodsuchas______.(★★)
A.appleB.vegetablesC.icecreamD.hamburgers
()18.Theseare______houses,theyarebeautifulandclean.(★★★)
A.WangandmyuncleB.theWang’sandmyuncle’s
C.theWangs’andmyuncleD.theWangs
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