11句子成分语法点及练习.docx
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11句子成分语法点及练习.docx
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11句子成分语法点及练习
《高中英语语法大全》第11章 句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主题。
主语的位置
①陈述句中,一般在一句之首。
Theymanagedtorescueallthepeopleintheflood.
②疑问句、倒装句中,一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。
Upwentthearrowintotheair.
Whydotheymoveandburnmoreoftheforest?
Notonlywillhelpbegiventopeoplewhoaredisabledtofindjobs,butalsomedicaltreatmentwillbeprovidedforpeoplewhoneedit.
③祈使句中,往往省略。
Takethismoneyandbuyyourselfsomemorebooks.(句首省略了you)
④Therebe结构中,在be之后。
AroundtheareaofAswantherearealotofimportantoldtemples,whichdatefromabout1250BC.
2、谓语
谓语在句子中说明主语的动作,主语具有的特征或所处的状态。
(1)由简单动词构成的谓语
TheystartedtouseEnglish,buttheyalsobroughtinsomewordsfromtheirownlanguages.
(2)由动词短语构成的谓语
Dr.Manetterealizedthatthesistermusthavebeenverybadlytreated.
3、表语
表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况,它位于连系动词之后,与之构成所谓的系表结构。
表语的位置
①通常位于连系动词之后,但下列情况下,置于连系动词之前。
为了强调表语。
InthenorthisScotland,withitscapitalEdinburgh.北面是苏格兰,首都是爱丁堡。
②由How/What引出的感叹句中
Whatacurioushotelitwas!
③某些让步状语从句中
Childastheboywas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.
④“the+比较级…,the+比较级…结构中”。
ThemoreyoulistentoEnglish,theeasieritbecomes.英语你听得越多,就越容易听懂。
4、宾语
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。
宾语表示法
①名词用作宾语。
Bobaskedalltheairlinestoflythepopstarsforfree.
②代词用作宾语。
Itpickeditupinitsmouthandcarrieditintothebushes.
③数词用作宾语。
Canadacoverssixoftheworld''s24timeareas.
④名词化的形容词用作宾语。
She''salwayshelpingthepoorerthanherself.
⑤副词用作宾语。
Sincethenthenumberofmiludeertherehasgreatlyincreased.
⑥不定式用作宾语
Ijustdidn''twishtoputyoutothetroubleofchangingalargenote.
⑦动名词作宾语或名词化分词(主要是过去分词)作宾语
Whenshehadfinishedlisteningtothenews,Mrs.Cousinsturnedofftheradio.
⑧句子用作宾语
Isuggestthatyouchoosesomeonewhoyouthinkiskindandfriendly.
直接宾语和间接宾语
可具有这种双宾语的及物动词有:
bring,fetch,give,hand,leave,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,read,refuse,show,sing,teach,tell,write,buy,find,get,make,envy,return,sell等。
Idon''tenvyyouyourjob.
5、补足语
补足语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。
用作补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、介词短语等。
Hepersuadedotherpeopletoprovidemoneyortogivehelp.
Ithinkyou''llfindthesematerialsmuchbetterandmuchmoresuitable.
Thelioncouldstillbeseeninthebusheseatingthemeat.
Thissongisthoughttobemostpopular.
6、定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词,说明人或物的状态、品质、数量等。
定语表示法
Itwastheearliestresearchcentreforagriculture.(形容词用作定语)
Theyhadbroughtapicniclunchwithhim.(名词用作定语)
I''mlookingforanotherspeakerwhocouldgiveatalk.(代词用作定语)
In1911,shereceivedasecondNobelPrizeforherresearch,becomingthefirstpersonintheworldtoreceivetwoNobelprizes.(数词用作定语)
Thewayoutliesinthedevelopmentofeducation.(副词用作定语)
Thereareplentyofinterestingplacestovisit.(不定式用作定语)
Everybodywasathisfightingpost.(动名词用作定语)
Bytheendoftheyear,thetotalmoneycollectedhadcometoover92milliondollars,allofwhichweresenttoAfrica.(分词用作定语)
Iknowawomanwhosethreesonsareallsoldiers.(句子用作定语)
7.状语
状语是指描述被描述对象的状态,包括时间状语,地点状语,方式状语,伴随状语,让步状语等。
状语表示法
1.副词,如carefully,例句:
hedidhishouseworkcarefully
2.介词短语,如intheclassroom,例句hedidhishomeworkcarefullyintheclassroom
3.非谓语短语,如seenfromthetopofthemountain,或者whenfacingdifficulties,例句Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thehousesbeneathareverysmall
Whenfacingdifficulties,weshouldkeepcalm
4.从句,如时间状语从句,地点状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句等
例句Hewillcomebacknextweekwhentheopeningceremonybegins.
Hewillcometotheschoolwherehespenthischildhood.
Althoughhefailedintheexam,henevergaveuphisgoals.
Hefailedinhisexambecausehegivesuphisgoalshalfway.
练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:
1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.
2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.
3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.
4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!
5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.
6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.
7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.
8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.
9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.
12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.
13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.
14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?
15.Tobehonest;yourpronunciationisnotsogood.
16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?
17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.
18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.
20.Theapplestastedsweet.
二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的主语(—)、谓语(=)、宾语(~):
Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.
三、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语(—)、状语(=)、补语(~):
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.It'sgreat!
Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?
Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.
四、选择填空:
()1.____willleaveforBeijing.
A.NowtherethemanB.Themanherenow
C.ThemanwhoisherenowD.Themanisherenow
()2.Theweather____.
A.wetandcoldB.iswetandcoldC.notwetandcoldD.werewetandcold
()3.Theappletasted____.
A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet
()4.Hegotup____yesterdaymorning.
A.latelyB.lateC.latestD.latter
()5.Theactor______attheageof70.
A.deadB.diedC.dyedD.deaded
()6.____wereallverytired,butnoneof____wouldstoptotakearest.
A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we
()7.Hefoundthestreetmuch______.
A.crowdB.crowdingC.crowdedD.crowdedly
()8.Ithink_____necessarytolearnEnglishwell.
A.itsB.itC.thatD.thatis
()9.Thedog____mad.
A.looksB.islookedC.isbeinglookedD.waslooked
()10.Iwillneverforgettheday______Ijoinedthearmy.
A.thatB.whenC.inwhichD.where
练习二
一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.
2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.
3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?
4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.
5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.
6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.
7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.
8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?
9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.
10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.
二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句:
Ihopeyouareverywell().I'mfine,buttired().RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm().Augustisthehottestmonthhere().Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.()Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors().WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat().Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm().Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim().Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest().Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden().Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere().Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden().Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell().Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden().
MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime().Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy().Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside().It'sgreat()!
Americanseatalotofmeat—toomuchinmyopinion().Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer().Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty().InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates().TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates().InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime().HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina()?
Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep().Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents().
练习二
三、选择填空:
1.Givemeonemoreminute____I’llbeabletofinishit.
A.andB.orC.ifD.so
2.It’sthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,____?
A.hasn’theB.isn’theC.isn’titD.hasn’tit
3.____joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!
A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan
4.Letuspass,____?
A.shan’tweB.shallweC.won’tweD.willyou
5.Isupposehe’sserious,____?
A.doIB.don’tIC.isheD.isn’the
6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,____?
A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou
7.Trainashardasyoucan____you’llwintheswimmingcompetition.
A.thenB.butC.andD.or
8.I’msorrytohavetosaythis,____youforgotto
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