考研公共英语真题及答案.docx

考研公共英语真题及答案.docx

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考研公共英语真题及答案

2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题

NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MS

　　Candidates（NETEM）

　　SectionⅠUseofEnglish　

1.Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　 TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_____itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw______justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_____thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.

　　 JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe____asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_____byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_______tothecodeofconductthat______totherestofthefederaljudiciary.

　　 Thisandothercases______thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_____betweenthecourtandpolitics.

　　 TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw____havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions____theywouldbefreeto____thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_____politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_____.

　　 Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial______likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_____isinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_____asunjust.

　　 Thejusticesmust_____doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_____tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_____,convincingaslaw.

　　1.Aemphasize Bmaintain Cmodify Drecognize

　　2.Awhen Bbest Cbefore Dunless  

　　3.Arendered Bweakened Cestablished Deliminated

　　4.Achallenged Bcompromised Csuspected Daccepted  

　　5.Aadvanced Bcaught Cbound Dfounded

　　6.Aresistant Bsubject Cimmune Dprone     

　　7.Aresorts Bsticks Cleads Dapplies   

　　8.Aevade Braise Cdeny Dsettle  

　　9.Aline Bbarrier Csimilarity  Dconflict   

　　10.Aby Bas Cthrough Dtowards  

　　11.Aso Bsince Cprovided Dthough

　　12.Aserve Bsatisfy Cupset Dreplace   

　　13.Aconfirm Bexpress Ccultivate Doffer

　　14.Aguarded Bfollowed Cstudied Dtied

　　15.Aconcepts Btheories Cdivisions Dconvenience

　　16.Aexcludes  Bquestions Cshapes Dcontrols

　　17.Adismissed Breleased Cranked Ddistorted

　　18.Asuppress Bexploit Caddress Dignore  

　　19.Aaccessible B.amiable Cagreeable Daccountable

　　20.Abyallmeans Batallcosts Cinaword Dasaresult

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Comeon–Everybody’sdoingit.Thatwhisperedmessage,halfinvitationandhalfforcing,iswhatmostofusthinkofwhenwehearthewordspeerpressure.Itusuallyleadstonogood-drinking,drugsandcasualsex.ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheword.

Rosenberg,therecipientofaPulitzerPrize,offersahostofexampleofthesocialcureinaction:

InSouthCarolina,astate-sponsoredantismokingprogramcalledRageAgainsttheHazesetsouttomakecigarettesuncool.InSouthAfrica,anHIV-preventioninitiativeknownasLoveLiferecruitsyoungpeopletopromotesafesexamongtheirpeers.

　　Theideaseemspromising，andRosenbergisaperceptiveobserver.Hercritiqueofthelamenessofmanypubic-healthcampaignsisspot-on:

theyfailtomobilizepeerpressureforhealthyhabits,andtheydemonstrateaseriouslyflawedunderstandingofpsychology.”Daretobedifferent,pleasedon’tsmoke!

”pleadsonebillboardcampaignaimedatreducingsmokingamongteenagers-teenagers,whodesirenothingmorethanfittingin.Rosenbergarguesconvincinglythatpublic-healthadvocatesoughttotakeapagefromadvertisers,soskilledatapplyingpeerpressure.

　　Butonthegeneraleffectivenessofthesocialcure,Rosenbergislesspersuasive.JointheClubisfilledwithtoomuchirrelevantdetailandnotenoughexplorationofthesocialandbiologicalfactorsthatmakepeerpressuresopowerful.Themostglaringflawofthesocialcureasit’spresentedhereisthatitdoesn’tworkverywellforverylong.RageAgainsttheHazefailedoncestatefundingwascut.EvidencethattheLoveLifeprogramproduceslastingchangesislimitedandmixed.

　　There’snodoubtthatourpeergroupsexertenormousinfluenceonourbehavior.Anemergingbodyofresearchshowsthatpositivehealthhabits-aswellasnegativeones-spreadthroughnetworksoffriendsviasocialcommunication.Thisisasubtleformofpeerpressure:

weunconsciouslyimitatethebehaviorweseeeveryday.

　　Farlesscertain,however,ishowsuccessfullyexpertsandbureaucratscanselectourpeergroupsandsteertheiractivitiesinvirtuousdirections.It’sliketheteacherwhobreaksupthetroublemakersinthebackrowbypairingthemwithbetter-behavedclassmates.Thetacticneverreallyworks.Andthat’stheproblemwithasocialcureengineeredfromtheoutside:

intherealworld,asinschool,weinsistonchoosingourownfriends.

　　21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,peerpressureoftenemergesas

　　[A]asupplementtothesocialcure

　　[B]astimulustogroupdynamics

　　[C]anobstacletoschoolprogress

　　[D]acauseofundesirablebehaviors

　　22.Rosenbergholdsthatpublicadvocatesshould

　　[A]recruitprofessionaladvertisers

　　[B]learnfromadvertisers’experience

　　[C]stayawayfromcommercialadvertisers

　　[D]recognizethelimitationsofadvertisements

　　23.Intheauthor’sview,Rosenberg’sbookfailsto

　　[A]adequatelyprobesocialandbiologicalfactors

　　[B]effectivelyevadetheflawsofthesocialcure

　　[C]illustratethefunctionsofstatefunding

　　[D]producealong-lastingsocialeffect

　　24.Paragraph5showsthatourimitationofbehaviors

　　[A]isharmfultoournetworksoffriends

[B]willmisleadbehavioralstudies

[C]occurswithoutourrealizingit

[D]canproducenegativehealthhabits

　　25.Theauthorsuggestsinthelastparagraphthattheeffectofpeerpressureis

　　[A]harmful

　　[B]desirable

　　[C]profound

[D]questionable

TEXT2

　　Prettyinpink:

adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests.

　　Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it'snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:

intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren'smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.

　　Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren'sbehaviour:

wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.

　　Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearandolderkids'clothes.Itwasonlyafter"toddler"becamecommonshoppers'termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.

26.Bysaying"itis...Therainbow"（line3,Para1）,theauthormeanspink_______.

　　Ashouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

　　Bshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

　　Ccannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

　　Dcannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?

　　AColorsareencodedingirls'DNA

　　BBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirls

　　CPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggend