苏教牛津译林9AU2宾语从句语法.docx
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苏教牛津译林9AU2宾语从句语法.docx
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苏教牛津译林9AU2宾语从句语法
一、宾语从句概念:
宾语从句:
句子在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
Ilikemyteacher.(名词作宾语)
Ienjoyplayingbasketball.(动名词作宾语)
Idecidetostudyhard.(不定式作宾语)
IknowMr.Li.(代词作宾语)
I’msurprisedatmeetingyouhere.(动名词作宾语)
I’mgladtomeetyouhere.(不定式作宾语)
I’msurprisedatwhatyouhavedone(句子作宾语)
I’mgladthatIcanmeetyouhere.(句子作宾语)
IlikewhatIdo.(句子作宾语)
IknowMr.LiteachesEnglish.(句子作宾语)
Sheaskediftheanswerwasright.(句子作宾语)
2、宾语从句三要素
(1)连接词
(2)语序(3)时态
(一)宾语从句的连接词
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
(1)that引导
(2)if/whether引导
(3)连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich
连接副词whenwhywherehow
一)that引导的宾语从句
宾语从句是指一个句子充当宾语,在主句与从句之间有一个引导词。
1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesays.
Hesays_______theseflowersarefromGuangdong.
2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Hetells.
Hetellsme_____lighttravelsfasterthansound.
3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdoesn’tknow.
Jackdoesn’tknow_____therewillbeameetinginfivedays.
A.引导词本身的省略与不省略
1.that可以省略
连词that引导宾语从句,只起连接主、从句的作用,它本身无意义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
如:
Hesays(that)heisaYoungPioneer.他说他是个少先队员。
2.that不可以省略
(1)从句的主语是that时,that不省略。
如:
Weknowthatthatisaninterestingstory.
我们知道那是一个有趣的故事。
(2)that引导的宾语从句中若再有复合句时,that不能省略。
如:
Ithinkthatifyouhavelostthelibrarybook,youmustpayforit.
我认为如果你已把图书馆的书丢失了,你就必须赔偿。
(3)主、从句之间有插入语时,that不能省略。
如:
Itsayshere,inthenewspaper,thatEnglishisgettingmoreandmoreimportant.
报纸上写着,英语正变得越来越重要。
B.何时使用that引导的宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句,表示陈述一件事,即由陈述句转化而来。
如:
Hesays(that)heislisteningtotheweatherreport.他说他正在听天气预报。
1.主句的谓语动词是think,hear,hope,wish,remember,forget,know,say,guess等时,常接that引导的宾语从句。
如:
Ihope(that)hewillbefinesoon.我希望他很快好起来。
2.主句由“连系动词+形容词”构成的“系表”结构,常接that引导的宾语从句。
这类形容词多表示感情,如happy,glad,pleased,sad,sure,afraid等等。
如:
I'mafraid(that)hecan'tcome.恐怕他不能来了。
二)if和whether引导的宾语从句
1.何时使用if或whether引导的宾语从句
if或whether引导宾语从句时,作“是否”讲,常放在动、词ask,see,say,don’tknow,wonder,doubt和findout等后面。
一般情况下,两者常可换用,在口语中多用if。
如:
Nobodyknowswhether(if)itwillraintomorrow.没有人知道明天是否下雨。
1.CantheyspeakFrench?
Iwanttoknow.
Iwanttoknow______theycanspeakFrench.
2.Arethechildrenplayinggames?
Iwonder.
Iwonder______thechildrenareplayinggames.
3.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?
Idon'tknow.
Idon'tknow_______thewatchwasmadeinShanghai.
4.Iwonder.Isthereanythingwrong?
Iwonder______thereis______wrong.
2.if和whether的区别:
(1)在动词不定式之前只能用whether。
如:
Ican'tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。
(2)在whether…ornot的固定搭配中。
如:
1wanttoknowwhetherit'sgoodnewsornot.我想知道是否是好消息。
(3)在介词后,只能用whether。
如:
Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherheloseshiswork.
他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。
(4)宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether。
如:
Whethertheycanfinishtheworkontimeisstillaproblem.
他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
(5)用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。
如:
Couldyoutellmeifyouknowtheanswer?
这句话有两种意思:
“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?
”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉
我,好吗?
”。
如用whether可避免歧义。
1.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.(if,whether)
2.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether,if)
()3.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
()4.Iwanttoknow_______it’sgoodnewsornot.
A.thatB.whetherC.ifD.which
()5.Iamnotinterestedin_____heiscrazyaboutfootball.
A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.which
三)由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分,具有一定的意义,不可省略。
例:
1)Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion/whichwasthebestwaytothemuseum?
2)Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor?
3)Heaskedwhosebikewasthebestintheclass
4)Doyouknowwhenwe’llhaveameeting?
5)Pleasetellmewhereheis?
6)CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?
7)Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate.
1.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows________________youcanseeinthepicture?
2.Wheredidsheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow_____sheparkedhercar?
3.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwondered.
Thegirlwondered_____heoftentalkedabout.
4.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.
5.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.(how,why)
6.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?
(who,whom)
7.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)
2、语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句+连词+宾语从句(主语+谓语+……)”句式。
根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:
1)连接词+谓语。
连接词在从句中作主语。
常见的连接词有:
who,what,which等。
如:
Couldyoutellmewhoknowstheanswer,please?
你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?
Thesmallchildrendon'tknowwhatisintheirstockings.这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?
2)连接词+名词+谓语。
连接词在从句中作主语的定语。
常见的连接词有:
whose,what,which,howmany,howmuch等。
如:
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestinourclass.他问我们班上谁的书法最好。
Theteacheraskedushowmanypeopletherewereintheroom.老师问我们房间里有多少人。
3)连接词+主语+谓语。
连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。
常见的连接词有:
who(m),what,which,howmany,howmuch,when,why,how,where,if/whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。
如:
Hehasn'tdecidedifhe'llgoonatriptoWuxi.他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。
CouldyoutellmewhatIshoulddowiththemoney?
你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?
4)连接词+名词+主语+谓语。
连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。
常见的连接词有:
what,which,howmany,howmuch,how等。
如:
Doyouknowwhichclassheisin?
你知道他在哪个班吗?
SheaskedmeifIknewwhosepenitwas.她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。
1.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?
Whoknows?
Whoknows__________________________________inthepicture?
2.Wheredoessheparkhercar?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknow_________________hercar?
3.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?
Thegirlwonders.
Thegirlwonders_____________________________.
4.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?
Idon’tknow.
Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.
5.Jimtoldme.WhyJimdidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon?
6.Whoelseisgoingtobeondutytoday?
Doyouknow.
思考:
7.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong,howsoon)
8.Idon’tknow_________itisfromschooltomyhome.(howlong;howfar)
三、时态
①that引导的宾语从句,主句用一般现在时,从句可以用符合句意要求的任一时态。
如:
Hesays(that)theyhavereturnedalready.他说他们已经回来了。
Hesaystheywillgoabroadthisweekend.
②如果主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去时态的某种形式(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时),即主过从过。
如:
Hesaid(that)heboughtanewdictionary.他说他买了本新词典。
Hesaidthathewouldboughtanewdictionary.
③如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等,尽管主句用一般过去时,从句仍用一般现在时。
如:
Hesaidthattimeislife.他说时间就是生命。
Hesaidthesunrisesfromtheeast.
Shetolduslighttravelsfastthansound.
1.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesays.
Hesays______theseflowers____________Guangdong.
拓展:
Hesaid______theseflowers____________Guangdong.
2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Hetells.
Hetellsme__________________________________.
拓展:
Hetoldme_____________________________________.
3.Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdoesn’tknow.
Jackdoesn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.
拓展:
Jackdidn’tknow______there_________ameetinginfivedays.
4.TheseflowerswerefromGuangdong.Hesaid.
Hesaid______________________________________.
拓展:
Hesays_______________________________________.
宾语从句专项练习
1.连接词角度
()1Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?
A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that
()2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.
A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where
()3Ihardlyunderstand___hehastoldme.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
()4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.
A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeD.whetherwouldhebe
()5Idon'tknow_____hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.
A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when
()6Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?
A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow
()7Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.
AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose
()8.Theydon'tknow______theirparentsare.
AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich
2.陈述句语序角度
()1.Pleasetellme______lastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
()2.SheaskedmeifIknew______.
A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas
C.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit
()3.Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
()4.Didyouknow____?
A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingfor
C.whoheislookingforD.whoheislookingafter
()5.Couldyoutellme___?
A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijing
C.whentheywillleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing
3.时态一致性
()1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake
()2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
()3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.
A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are
()4SheaskedLindaif___goandgetsome.
A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay
()5Lindasaidthemoon___roundtheearth.
A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelled
当堂检测
一、单项选择
( )1.-- I thinkthisisthebestmovieoftheyear.
--I amnotsure___youareright.Anyway,theendingisOK.
A.that B. weather C. if D. of
( )2.TheteacheraskedLucy________________.
A.where shecomesfrom B. whatdidshelikebest
C.ifshecouldspeakChinese D. whenwassheborn
( )3.Idon’tknow____ ornot hewillcome.____hecomes, I’lltellyou.
A.if,Whether B. whether,Whether C. if,If D. whether, If
( )4.--Whatdidyourteachersaythismorning?
--Shetoldme____________.
A.whywasTomlateforschool B.whetherwehadtoomuchhomework
C.howshedidcometoschool D. thatwewouldhaveatestsoon
(
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