考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit3.docx
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考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit3.docx
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考研英语阅读理解标准90篇+提高30篇unit3
Unit3
Experienceisthefatherofwisdomandmemorythemother.
经验是智慧之父,记忆是智慧之母。
学习内容
题材
词数
建议时间
得分统计
做题备忘
PartA
Text1
社会生活
399
/10
Text2
社会生活
478391
/10
Text3
商业经济
454
/10
Text4
文化教育
494
/10
PartB
科普知识
581
/10
PartC
社会生活
358
/10
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingtexts.Answerthequestionsbloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
Text1
Duringthenexthalf-century,mostwealthysocieties—theUnitedStatesisaconspicuousexception—willlosepopulation;allwillhaveolderpopulations.Thisisacollectivechangethatwillprofoundlyinfluencetheworldeconomy,thefutureofdemocracyandrelationsbetweennationswithdecliningpopulations(generallyrichercountries)andthosewithexpandingpopulations(generallypoorercountries).Justhowlargetheeffectmightbeisanyone’sguess.Butthedrivingforcesbehindageingandpopulationdecline,lowbirthratesandlongerlifeexpectancy—seemfairlyfixed.
OnlytheUnitedStates—withhigherbirthratesandimmigration—escapespopulationdecline.ButevenintheUnitedStates,therearefewerpotentialworkersforeachpotentialretiree.Aslongasretireesaresupportedbytaxpayers,throughSocialSecurityandhealthinsurance,theeconomicburdenonworkerswillrise.Inmostcountries,theshiftswouldbestarkandpossiblyunworkable.Germany’sworkingagepopulationisprojectedtodropfrom51millionin2000to29millionin2050;meanwhile,the65andoverpopulationrisesfrom14millionto21million.Althoughtheseprecisepredictionsmayprovewrong,thecentraltruthisthat“thenaturalgrowthofpopulationinthemoredevelopedcountrieshasessentiallyceased”.
Americansmayhavesucceededbetterinmixingfamilyandwork.OrimmigrantsmayhavemorechildrenthanotherAmericans.Regardless,allrichnationswillfeelthepressuresofageing—ordecliningpopulations.Andthere’saperversepossibilitythatmoreoldpeoplewillfurtherreducethenumberofyoungpeople.Iftaxesonworkersincreasetocoverhigherretirementbenefits,families’willingnesstohavechildrenmaydiminish,becauseitwouldbehardertopayforthem.Immigrationisonepossiblesafetyvalve.ButforEuropeandJapan,theincreasesneededtoavertpopulationdeclineswouldbehuge.
Richercountriescouldalsopreparefortheirageingbyinvestinginpoorercountries.Tradecouldsubstituteforimmigration.Investmentsfromwealthiercountrieswouldenabledevelopingnationstobuilduptheirindustries.Aspeopleretireintherichworld,theycouldusesomeofthedividendsandinterestfromtheirinvestmentstobuyimportsfrompoorercountries.
Topredictthefutureisnotalwayseasy.Butfewrichcountriesareanticipatingit.Theyshouldbetemperingtheviciouscircleofhigherretirementspending,heaviertaxesonworkersandfewerchildren.Thismeansgraduallyraisingretirementagesandscalingbackbenefits,especiallyforwealthierretirees.
1.Thelossofpopulationinrichcountriesisdirectlydueto
[A]lowerbirthrate.[B]theinfluenceoftheworldeconomy.
[C]theageingproblem.[D]emigrationtoothercountries.
2.Thedecliningpopulationinrichcountrieswillmainlycause
[A]adecreaseoftheeconomyinthesecountries.
[B]greatereconomicburdenontheyounger.
[C]extendedworking-ageofeachindividual.
[D]moreimmigrantsfrompoorercountries.
3.Ageingwillbringanewroundofpopulationdeclinebecause
[A]peoplewillfinditfinanciallydifficulttosupportbigfamilies.
[B]thenaturalgrowthofpopulationwillbeadverselyaffected.
[C]theimmigrationpolicywillhavetobetightenedintime.
[D]morecapitalwillbeshiftedtopoorercountriesforinvestment.
4.Onewaytogetenoughmoneytofeedtheageinggenerationisto
[A]reducethenumberofimmigrants.
[B]buildupmorepowerfulindustries.
[C]earndividendsfromoverseasinvestment.
[D]givefinancialrewardstofamilieswithmorechildren.
5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichmeasureshouldrichcountriestake?
[A]Loweringstartingageofworkers.[B]Makingpowerfulconstitutions.
[C]Makingattractiveimmigrationpolicies.[D]Reducingthebenefitsofricherretirees.
Text2
AlltherecentnewsonAIDSisbad.ThedeathofRockRudsonlastyearraisedpublicconcernabouttheepidemicalmosttothepointofpanic.Butthatreactionsubsidedforatimeaspeoplewerereassuredaboutthereliabilityofnewtestsfordonatedbloodandtheimprobabilityofcontractingthediseasecasually.Now,generalconcernisfocusednotsomuchonpersonalrisk—mostcasescontinuetooccurinthehigh-riskgroupsofmalehomosexualsanddrugaddicts—butonthegrowingrealizationthatthisdiseaseishavingadeepimpactonoursocietyinanumberofways.
Itisabsorbingfinancialandotherresources.AIDSpatientsrequirelong-termcareinhospitalsandout-patientfacilities,andthehealthcaresystemsinsuchcitiesasNewYorkandSanFranciscoarenotpreparedtohandlethedemand.Bellevue,alargeandrespectedmunicipalhospitalinNewYork,devotesoneoutofeveryfourbedsinitsdepartmentofmedicinetoAIDSpatients.Mostarehospitalizedformonths,andfewhaveanyprivateinsurance.TheCenterforDiseaseControlinAtlantaestimatesthathospitalexpendituresforthefirst10,000AIDSpatientswereabout$1.4billion.Thetotaleconomiccosttothenationofthisgroupofcasesisestimatedtocometo$6billioninhealthcare,disability,andlostproductivity.
Privateinsurerswereunpreparedforthecrisissincetheinvariablyfataldiseasehitsprimarilyyoungpeople.Ninetypercentofthevictimsarebetween20and49yearsold.Itisbecomingincreasinglydifficultforthoseinhigh-riskgroupstogethealthandlifeassurance,andintheabsenceofprivatecoverage,publicfundsmustbeused.Inaddition,manyofthevictimsare,forallpracticalpurposes,homeless,rejectedbydisapprovingorfrightenedfriendsandfamily,withoutemployment,andinneedofemotionalandpsychologicalsupport.Itmustbegiven.
Moreimportant,thereisbadnewsonthemedicalfront.Inspiteofastepped-upresearchprogramthereisnosignofanimminentbreakthroughtoacure.Morethan8,000Americanvictimshavealreadydied;noonehasrecovered.Thepublichasalsolearnedthatearlierassurancesthatonly5to10percentofthosewhohavebeenexposedtotheviruswillcontractthediseasewerefartoooptimistic.Researchershavenowraisedthatfiguretoatleastathird.
ABellevuedoctorreflectedthedespairofthosewhodealwithAIDSpatientseveryday:
“Thecostisstaggering,thegriefisoverwhelming,andthereisnoendinsight.”Yetthesephysiciansandotherscontinuetoworkandtohope.Othersnotdirectlyinvolvedcanhelpbygivingsupporttopublicfundingforresearch,hospitalandhospicecare,andsupportservices.Apublicresolvetoprovidecarenowandaneventualcureforthosewhosufferisthebestresponse.
6.Theword“subside”(Line2,Para.1)mostprobablymeans
[A]lessen.[B]sink.
[C]vanish.[D]settle.
7.Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]TheAmericanpublicarenowmainlyconcernedwiththeirownrisk.
[B]AmericansrealizethatAIDShasapowerfulimpactontheirsociety.
[C]PhysiciansrunahigherriskofcatchingAIDS.
[D]HealthcaresystemscanmeettheneedsofAIDSpatients.
8.WhatwillbeusedbymostAIDSpatientstopaytheirhospitalexpenditure?
[A]Theirhealthassurance.[B]Theirownsavings.
[C]Theirprivatecoverage.[D]Publicfund.
9.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
[A]SeniorcitizensaremorelikelytocontractAIDScomparedwithyoungpeople.
[B]ManyAIDSvictimssuffernotonlyphysically,butalsoemotionallyandpsychologically.
[C]PeoplewillrefusedonatedbloodinthefuturebecauseitislikelytocontainAIDSvirus.
[D]DoctorshavelosttheirhopetoseeaneventualcurefortheAIDSpatients.
10.It’snowestimatedthat
[A]about33%ofthoseexposedtotheAIDSviruswillbeinfectedwiththedisease.
[B]lessthan13%ofthepeopleattackedbytheAIDSviruswillcontractthedisease.
[C]morethan10%ofthepeopleattackedbytheAIDSviruswillbeinfectedwiththedisease.
[D]about5%ofthoseexposedtotheAIDSviruswillcontractthedisease.
Text3
Likeatickingtimebomb,thefallingdollarhasgrabbedtheattentionofJapanandWestGermany,forcingthemtoconsideradoptingeconomicpoliciestheUnitedStatesadvocates.TheU.S.governmentwantsthedollartofallbecauseasthedollardeclinesinvalueagainsttheyenandDeutschemark,U.S.goodsbecomescheaper.U.S.companiesthensellmoreathomeandabroad,andU.S.tradedeficitdeclines.Criesfortradeprotectionabate,andtheglobalfree-tradesystemispreserved.
Then,thecheaperdollarmakesitcheaperformanyforeigninvestorstosnapupU.S.stocks.Thatpromptsheavybuyingfromabroad—especiallyfromJapan.Also,ifthetradepictureisimproving,thatmeansU.S.companieseventuallywillbemorecompetitive.Consequently,manyinvestorsarebuyingsharesofexport-orientedU.S.companiesinanticipationofbetterprofitsinthenextyearorso.Butthatisaratherfaddishnotionrightnow;ifcorporateearningsaredisappointinginthenextfewquarters,thebuyingspreemightdisappear.Andfinally,ifaplummetingdollarleadstoariseininterestrates,thestockmarketrallycouldstall.
ImprovingU.S.competitivenessmeansadeclineinanother’scompetitiveness.
JapanandWestGermanyarevergingonrecession.Theirexport-orientedeconomiesarefacingmajorproblems.JapanisworriedaboutthedamagethestrongyenwilldotoJapan
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