Task 1 Writing for YA903.docx
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Task 1 Writing for YA903.docx
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Task1WritingforYA903
雅思强化班YA903补充讲义
何钢
Task1Writing
(AcademicModule)
TypesofTask1Writing
●Graph,Barchart,Piechart,Table
●Diagram
Thestructureofchartwriting
●Introduction:
Saywhatthechartshows---describethebasicinformationinthechart.
●Body:
Identifysignificanttrendsandquoteexamplestosupportyourstatements.
●Conclusion:
Summarizethetrends(Saywhatthegeneraltrendis)and/orcomparethetrends.
Note:
Youwillbemarkedonyourabilitytocompare,contrastandorganizethedata.However,youshouldnotinterpretitorofferanopiniononthefacts.
Inthebodyparagraph,youshouldgroupyourinformationcoherentlyanditisessentialtouseappropriateconnectivewordsortransitionalexpressions.
Intheconclusion,donotsimplyrepeattheintroduction,normakeanycomments.
Basicelements:
factualinformationaboutthechart(time,location,content,dataform---number/percentage)
Note:
Youcanusesomeofthewordsinthequestion,butdonotcopywordforword.Expresstheideainadifferentway.
有关“显示、表明”的动词:
Show,give,describe,demonstrate,depict,illustrate,indicate,reflect,relate…
剑三Test4
ThelinechartdescribesthepercentageoftheunemployedpopulationintheU.S.andJapanfromMarch1993toMarch1999.
TheBodyParagraphs
Describesignificanttrendsbasedontheanalysisofthedata
●Graph(Linechart)曲线图的描写
用于描述趋势(变化)的常用表达(动词/名词):
1.上升
Rise,increase,grow,goup,improve,climb,boom…
Peak(summit)
2.下降
Decrease,fall,drop,dip,godown,decline,reduce…
Bottom
3.平稳
Remain/stay/maintainunchanged(steady/stable/level),levelout/off
4.波动
Fluctuate,change
例1:
过去二十年里,美国胖子的人数大大增加了。
(分别用动词和名词来表达)
---ThenumberofoverweightpeopleintheUShasincreasedsubstantiallyoverthepasttwentyyears.
---TherehasbeenaconsiderableincreaseinthenumberofoverweightpeopleintheUSoverthepasttwentyyears.
例2:
从1996年到1999年,学生在住宿方面的花费占总支出的百分比下降了3%,从23%下降到20%。
---Thepercentageoftheexpenseonaccommodationforstudentsdecreasedby3%(from23%to20%)overtheperiodbetween1996and1999.
---Duringtheperiod1996to1999,studentsspent3%lessonaccommodation,whichfellfrom23%to20%oftotalexpenditure.
---Therewasa3%decreaseinspendingonaccommodation,whichfellfrom23%to20%.
---Spendingonaccommodationwentdownby3%from23%to20%.
介词的使用:
in–achangeincategory.(afallinlivingstandards)
of–noun+of+amount(afallof20%)
by–verb+by+amount(itroseby15%)
at–afixednumber(therecordstoodat250kph)
如何变化?
(形容词/副词)
1.大大(明显)
Great,considerable,enormous,significant,substantial
2.小小(微弱)
Slight,moderate,modest,marginal
3.迅速
Sharp,rapid,dramatic,steep
4.缓慢
Slow,steady,stable
趋势与时态的使用
●一般过去时:
yesterday,in1997,lastyear…
●现在完成时:
since1997,ever,thismonth…
●将来时:
nextyear,tomorrow,overthenextweek…
●谈论未来或是预测数据:
…are/islikelyto
…are/ispredictedto
…are/isexpectedto
剑三Test4
ThelinechartdescribesthepercentageoftheunemployedpopulationintheU.S.andJapanfromMarch1993toMarch1999.
TheunemploymentratesinJapanincreasedsteadilyfrom3%inMarch1993to4.4%inMarch1996.Afterthat,itdecreasedsharplyby0.5%untilJune1996andthenroseagainto5%inJune1998.DuringtheperiodfromJune1998toMar1999,theunemploymentrateremainedroughlythesameat5%.
AstotheunemploymentratesintheUS,therewasadropfrom7%inMarch1993to5%inSept1996despiteminorfluctuations.However,theunemploymentratesleveledoffsincethen.
(InMarch1993,theunemploymentrateintheUSwas7%,significantlyhigherthanthatofJapan(3%).Sincethen,thegradualdecreaseintheunemploymentratesintheUSwasaccompaniedwitharelevantgrowthinJapan.
IntheU.S.,therewerefluctuationsinthepercentageofunemployment.FromMarch93toMarch96,theunemploymentratedroppedfrom7%to5%.However,sincethen,itremainedroughlyconstantat5%.)
InMarch1993,theunemploymentrateintheU.S.(7%)wasconsiderablyhigherthanthatofJapan(3%).WiththedecreaseinunemploymentratesintheU.S.,therewasasignificantgrowthinJapan.
剑五Test1
Thegraphbelowshowstheproportionofthepopulationaged65andoverbetween1940and2040inthreedifferentcountries.
范文:
ThegraphshowstheincreaseintheageingpopulationinJapan,SwedenandtheUSA.Itindicatesthatthepercentageofelderlypeopleinallthreecountriesisexpectedtoincreasetoalmost25%oftherespectivepopulationsbytheyear2040.
In1940theproportionofpeopleaged65ormorestoodatonly5%inJapan,approximately7%inSwedenand9%intheUS.However,whilethefiguresfortheWesterncountriesgrewtoabout15%inaround1990,thefigureforJapandippedtoonly2.5%formuchofthisperiod,beforerisingtoalmost5%againatthepresenttime.
Inspiteofsomefluctuationintheexpectedpercentages,theproportionofolderpeoplewillprobablycontinuetoincreaseinthenexttwodecadesinthethreecountries.Amoredramaticriseispredictedbetween2030and2040inJapan,bywhichtimeitisthoughtthattheproportionofelderlypeoplewillbesimilarinthethreecountries.
柱状图
柱状图变化描述四步骤(e.g.剑二p.91)
1.分别看各自变化
2.合并同类趋势
3.从左到右依次写
4.特殊变化放最后
Cf剑三p.51
Whereis变化?
Howtoshow比较?
只有比较,没有变化!
(变化的实质是什么?
)
主体写变化
结尾写比较
变化---从左到右
比较---从大到小
LengthofhoursofwatchingTVinaschoolday
TimetobeallowedforwatchingTVinaschoolday
范文:
ThebarchartsillustratethenumberofhourandtheperiodoftimeboysandgirlsspendonwatchingTVinaschoolday.
Mostgirlsandboys(52%)watchTVfor1to5hoursperschoolday.20%ofgirlswatchTVforlessthan1hourcomparedto18%ofboys,whilethepercentageisjusttheoppositeamongstudentswhositinfrontofTVfor5to9hours.FewstudentswatchTVformorethan9hoursordon’twatchatall.
AstothetimeallowedforTVviewing,mostgirlsandboyswatchTVduringtheperiodfrom7:
30to9:
30pm,with54%and52%respectively.ThesecondmostpopularperiodoftimeallowedforstudentstowatchTVisbetween9:
30and11:
00pm,36%forgirlsand38%forboys.
Overall,moststudentswatchTVfor1to5hoursinaschoolday,andtheytendtodosofrom7:
30to9:
30pm.Besides,thereislittledifferenceinTVviewingastogirlsandboys.
更多柱状图,请参考
CambridgeIELTS2---Test4
CambridgeIELTS3---Test2&3
CambridgeIELTS5---Test2
●饼状图
教材p.89
---主体段落:
变化(增加;下降)按照变化的幅度
---结尾:
比较(最大的:
coal)
●表格
ThetableillustratestheinformationofthecountriesofMadagascarandMauritiusaroundtheIndianOceanin1999.
Madagascar
Mauritius
surfacearea(km²)
12823
2189
population(thousands)
2678
456
GDP(US$percapita)
120
360
growthrateofpopulation
12%
2%
enrolmentofschool:
primary
97%
99.52%
secondary
51%
73%
TheGDPofMadagascarwas120US$percapita,onlyonethirdthenumberofMauritius(360).
变化与比较
ThesurfaceareaofMadagascarwassixtimesmorethanthatofMauritus.
Thesurfaceareawas6timesaslargeinMadagascarasinMauritius.
Thepopulationis6timesasmuchinMadagascarasinMauritius.
Thepopulationis20%smallerinMadagascarthaninMauritius.
TheGDPis1/3asmuchinMadagascarasinMauritius,with120US$and360US$respectively.
WRITINGTASK1
Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.
ThetablebelowshowstheproportionofdifferentcategoriesoffamilieslivinginpovertyinAustraliain1999.
Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.
Youshouldwriteatleast150words.
Familytype
Proportionofpeoplefromeach
householdtypelivinginpoverty
singleagedperson
agedcouple
single,nochildren
couple,nochildren
soleparent
couplewithchildren
allhouseholds
6%(54,000)
4%(48,000)
19%(359,000)
7%(211,000)
21%(232,000)
12%(933,000)
11%(1,837,000)
ModelAnswer:
ThetablegivesabreakdownofthedifferenttypesoffamilywhowerelivinginpovertyinAustraliain1999.
Onaverage,11%ofallhouseholds,comprisingalmosttwomillionpeople,wereinthisposition.However,thoseconsistingofonlyoneparentorasingleadulthadalmostdoublethisproportionofpoorpeople,with21%and19%respectively.
Couplesgenerallytendedtobebetteroff,withlowerpovertylevelsforcoupleswithoutchildren(7%)thanthosewithchildren(12%).Itisnoticeablethatforbothtypesofhouseholdwithchildren,ahigherthanaverageproportionwerelivinginpovertyatthistime.
Olderpeopleweregenerallylesslikelytobepoor,thoughonceagainthetrendfavouredelderlycouples(only4%)ratherthansingleelderlypeople(6%).
Overallthetablesuggeststhathouseholdsofsingleadultsandthosewithchildrenweremorelikelytobelivinginpovertythanthoseconsistingofcouples.
(9分7句154词)
图表作文是雅思写作Task1的必考项目(Task2是议论文)。
图表通常分为两大类。
一类是数据图,包括曲线图(graph/linechart),柱状图(barchart/columnchart),饼状图(piechart)和表格(table)。
另一大类是示意图(diagram)。
目前在雅思考试中主要出现的是数据图。
对于数据图来说,首先要仔细审题。
审题包括看文字说明以及图表。
文字说明部分一般提供了有关这个图表的最基本信息,如所涉及的时间地点和研究的对象。
对于图表部分,我们需要仔细考察,找出值得描述的总体趋势(overalltrends)和不规则变化(irregularities)。
图表作文通常应该分成三部分。
第一部分介绍图表基本事实性信息。
我们通常可以把题目进行改写。
对比题目和范文:
show---give,proportion---breakdown,type---category,whowereliving---living。
其实就是使用同义词替换和语法改写。
第二部分是图表作文的主体。
其中最关键的是分析并描写趋势。
很多考生可能会草率地直接从上往下逐一描述,这样的结果就是一个流水账,而不是对于信息的处理和总结。
在这个表格里,应该先描写黑体字(表示强调)的总量(allhouseholds)中贫困家庭的百分比。
然后,描述表格中最突出信息(themostobviousfeature),也就是贫困家庭百分比最大的19%和21%的single,nochildren和soleparent群体。
得出单身群体,无论是有没有小孩,生活在贫困线以下的比例较高。
接下来,可以进行对比,与这两个群体形成鲜明对比的是7%和12%的couple,nochildren和couplewithchildren群体。
得出的趋势是成年人中,无论是有小孩的,还是没有小孩的,夫妻要比单身的不容易陷入贫困。
最后,描述一下6%和4%的singleagedperson和agedcouple群体,老年人最不容易生活在贫困之中。
第三部分是图表的结
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