高考语法填空解题技巧.docx
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高考语法填空解题技巧.docx
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高考语法填空解题技巧
2020语法填空解题技巧—给出提示词
(1)--动词
一、谓语动词:
给出的提示词是动词:
若句中找不到谓语动词,则所给动词是谓语动词。
考法1:
考查动词的时态--谓语动词
1.(2019全国I卷·65)InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut _________________(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa beliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.
2.(2019全国II卷·66)Irenesaid,“Idon'tseeanyreasontogiveupwork.IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI 66 _________(make)overtheyears.
3.(2018全国Ⅱ卷·61)Since2011,thecountry ___________________(grow)morecornthanrice.
4.(2018全国Ⅱ卷·68)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernment __________________(start)asoil-testingprogram thatgivesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.
5.(2017全国Ⅱ卷·68)Later,engineers____________________(manage)toconstructrailwaysinasystemofdeeptunnels(隧道),whichbecameknownastheTube.
技巧1:
在高考语法填空中,有时会给出时间标志的时间状语,根据所给的标志词或时间状语得出答案。
时态
时间状语标志性词
1.一般现在时
usually(通常),often(经常),always(总是),sometimes(有时),everyday(每天),everyweek(每周),everyyear(每年),onceaweek(一周一次),twiceamonth(每月两次),onSundays(每星期天),nowandthen(有时)
2.一般过去时
yesterday(昨天),lastweek(上周),lastyear(去年),lastmonth(上个月),anhourage(一小时之前),threedaysago(三天前),justnow(刚才),theotherday(几天前),in+过去年份,时间段+ago,时间段+later等。
3.现在进行时
now(现在),rightnow(此时,此刻),atpresent(目前),atthismoment/time(现在),look(你瞧),listen(你听),thesedays(现在,目前),allthetime(一直)
4.过去进行时
atthistimeyesterday(昨天这时),atthattime/moment(那时)
5.现在完成时
since+时间点,recently(最近,近来),for+一段时间,sofar(到目前为止),uptonow(到目前为止,至今),lately(最近),inrecentyears(在最近的几年),inthepast/lastfewyears(过去的几年里),duringthelast/pasttwoweeks,sincethen(从那以后),over+时间段,already(已经),yet(还,仍,至今未),never(决不,从来),ever(任何时候),just(刚刚),untilnow,eversince
6.过去完成时
by/before/bytheendof/bythetime+过去时间点,bythen,untilthen
7.一般将来时
tomorrow(明天),nextweek/year(下周/明年),thedayaftertomorrow(后天),inafewdays(几天后),inthefuture(将来),inthefollowingfewweeks(接下来几周)
8.过去将来时
thenextday,thenextweek,thefollowingmonth(下个月),aftertwodays
9.将来进行时
atthistimetomorrow(明天这个时候)
6.(2018全国Ⅲ卷·65)Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand __________________ (recommend)wonderfulplacestoeat,shop,andvisit.
7.(2018全国Ⅲ卷·69)WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofindthemalive.Truetoagorilla'sunaggressivenature,thehugeanimal________________(mean)menorealharm.
8.(2017全国Ⅲ卷·69)Sarahsays,“MydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthatmoment,school_____________(come)first.Idon’twanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.”
技巧2:
参考语境和根据并列谓语时态一致.
并列连词and,but,or,aswellas,ratherthan,both…and,neither…nor…,either…or…,notonly…butalso…等前后的谓语动词时态要一致。
9.(2019全国Ⅱ卷·64)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene ___________(declare)
shehadnoplans toretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.
10.(2017全国I卷·64)Whenfatandsalt___________________________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.
技巧3:
根据固定句型:
(固定句式要牢记)
在时间、条件和让步状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时;主句用一般过去时,从句用一般过去时。
在宾语从句中,如主句用一般过去时,从句应用过去的某种时态;从句表客观事实或真理,用一般现在时。
固定句型中的时态:
①祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句,陈述句用一般将来时。
②This/That/Itisthe+序数词+timethatsb.have/hasdone…某人第几次做某事.(从句用现在完成时)
③This/That/Itwasthe+序数词+timethatsb.haddone…(从句用过去完成时)
④Itis/hasbeen+时间段+sincesb.did...
⑤Itishightimethatsbdid/shoulddo…
⑥was/weredoingsth.whensb.did…
⑦Nosoonerhadsb.donesththansbdidsth./Hardlyhadsb.donesthwhensbdidsth.
⑧bythetime+sb.did,主语+haddone…
考法2:
考查动词的语态—辨别逻辑,分析主动或被动
11.(2019全国Ⅲ卷·69)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we ________________________(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
12.(2017全国Ⅰ卷·64)Whenfatandsalt___________________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.
13.(2017全国Ⅱ卷·65)Steamengines___________________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.However,therailwayquicklyprovedtobeagreatsuccess…
14.(2017全国Ⅲ卷·63)Sarah______________________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.HerfatherPeter,44,wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull-time.
15.(2016全国Ⅲ卷·62)Trulyelegantchopsticksmight_______________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.
牢记常考的几种时态的被动语态:
1.一般现在时
is/am/aredone
5.现在进行时
is/am/arebeingdone
2.一般过去时
was/weredone
6.过去进行时
was/werebeingdone
3.一般将来时
willbedone
7.现在完成时
has/havebeendone
4.过去将来时
wouldbedone
8.过去完成时
hadbeendone
9.含有情态动词的被动语态形式:
情态动词(can,may,must…等)+be+done
考法3:
考查主谓一致
16.(2019全国Ⅰ卷·70)Of thenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six ______ (be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.
17.(2018全国Ⅰ卷·64)Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit___________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.
18.(2017全国Ⅰ卷·67)Evenworse,theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.
(1)一致原则:
①主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词、表示距离、时间、金钱等的名词、不定式(短语)或
动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
(2)当主语后接介词短语,如with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,like,ratherthan,but,except,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including,inadditionto等引起的短语,谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。
若主语为单数,谓语用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。
1.一致原则
①主语从句、不可数名词、单数名词、表示距离、时间、金钱、重量、长度、价值等的名词、不定式(短语)或动名词(短语)或不定代词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。
②定语从句谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词或代词的数保持一致。
2.就近原则
①or,either...or,neither...nor,whether…or…,not…but…,notonly…butalso...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词通常和邻近的主语保持一致。
②在there/herebe句式中,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。
3.就远原则
①“名词+介词(短语)(如with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,like,ratherthan,
but,except,morethan,nolessthan,besides,including,inadditionto)+名词”等作
主语,谓语动词与第一个名词或代词保持一致。
4.意义一致
①.集合名词people,cattle,police,clothes等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式
②anumberof+复数名词......,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,...“许多”,
thenumberof+复数名词...,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。
“……的数量”,
③“the+形容词”表示某一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。
2020语法填空解题技巧
(2)--考查非谓语动词
二、考查非谓语动词:
给出的提示词是动词:
若句中已有谓语动词,而无并列连词或从句连词,则考虑非谓语动词形式.主动用doing/todo,被动用done/tobedone。
考法1:
非谓语动词作宾语
1.(2019全国Ⅰ卷·67)Scientistshaverespondedby ___________(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(错觉)thatpopulationsare higherthantheyactuallyare.
2.(2019全国Ⅱ卷·61)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for 61____________ (be)Britain'soldestfull-timeemployee-stillworking40hoursaweek.
3.(2018全国Ⅰ卷·63)Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof____________(die)earlybyrunning.
4.(2018全国Ⅰ卷·64)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid____________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.
5.(2017全国Ⅱ卷·63)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad,_______________(lay)thetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.
6.(2017全国Ⅲ卷·61)Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term_______________(rest).
7.(2017全国Ⅲ卷·65)ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wants______________(prove)thatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.
给出的提示词是动词,若句中已有谓语,且设空处不是作并列谓语而是作介词或动词(短语)的宾语,应用
非谓语动词doing/todo.主动关系用doing/todo;被动关系用beingdone/tobedone.
牢记非谓语动词作宾语的固定结构:
①在介词by,for,of,about,with,without,after等后应用动名词做宾语。
②下列动词接+doing作宾语:
admit,allow,advise,avoid,consider,escape,enjoy,keep,finish,include,involve,mind,miss,practise,recommend,suggest,feellike,getdownto等。
③下列动词接+todo作宾语:
agree,afford,choose,decide,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,pretend,plan,promise,refuse,want,wish,wouldlike,determine等。
④goon,mean,forget,remember,regret,stop,try等可接动词-ing形式或不定式做宾语。
believe/consider/find/feel/think+it+adj.+todosth.中it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的不定式。
考法2:
非谓语动词作状语和补语—理清逻辑关系
8.(2019全国Ⅲ卷·70)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we wereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars, _____________ (listen)tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.
9.(2018全国Ⅰ卷·62)Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong_____________(see)thebenefit.
10.(2018全国Ⅱ卷·64)Anotherreasonforcorn'srise:
Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice ______________(improve)waterquality.
11.(2018全国Ⅲ卷·70)Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme______________(stay)andwatch.
12.(2017全国Ⅰ卷·63)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired_________________(process)thefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.
(1)做状语:
表目的、出乎意料的结果或形容词后做状语,用不定式;
表伴随、时间或条件等要用现在分词/过去分词;
表自然而然的结果用现在分词。
(2)作补语:
根据具体结构用(to)do/doing/done.牢记5种用法:
不定式做宾补:
allow,expect,advise,ask,beg,permit,tell,wish,forbid,persuade,invite,encourage,command,request等+sb.todosth.
感官动词see/watch/observe/notice/lookat/hear/listento/feel...sb.dosth(五看,两听,一感觉);
“三使”:
使役动词let/have/makesb.dosth使某人做某事;
have+宾语+宾语补足语:
1)havesb.dosth.让某人做某事;2)havesb./sth.doingsth.使某人/物一直做某事;3)havesth.done请人做某事,使...遭受,遭遇
主语+系动词+形容词(easy,hard,difficult,impossible,important等)+todo.
too+adj./adv.+todo或adj./adv.+enough+todo
考法3:
非谓语动词作定语—关系分析法
13.(2019全国Ⅱ卷·65)Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene declaredshehadnoplans __________ (retire)fromher36-year-oldbusiness.
14.(2019全国Ⅱ卷·68)Whenwegotacall _________ (say)shewass
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