北京高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案 精校版.docx
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北京高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案 精校版.docx
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北京高三英语一模阅读理解D篇汇总带答案精校版
2020高三英语一模阅读D篇汇总
2020西城一模
D
TheImpossibleBurgerisentirelyfreeofmeat.Butitlooks,smells,feelsand—mostimportantly—tastessomuchlikerealhamburgerbeef.Infact,plant-basedburgeralternativeshavesetoffastrongresistancefromthebeefindustry.TheCenterforConsumerFreedom,anonprofitthatadvocatesonbehalfofthefastfoodandmeatindustrieshaslaunchedan“informational”campaigntargetingplant-basedmeats.ThecampaignhasincludedTVandonlineads,aswellasprintadsinnewspapers.Theadsseemtoimplythatnotonlyisanartificialburgertooprocessed,butthatitmightbeevenlesshealthythantheaveragebeefburger.
Whileit’struethataplant-basedmeatalternativeisprocessedandit’struethateatingoneis
notashealthyasapileofrawvegetables,it’sbesttotaketheadswithagenerouspinchofsalt.
Forinstance,theadditivesandpreservativesinplant-basedmeathighlightedinoneadsuresoundscary.Whowantssomethingcalledtitaniumdioxide(二氧化钛)intheirmeal?
Butthetruthisthatadditivessuchasthoselistedintheadsareregularlyusedinallsortsofpackagedfoods.Andifmethylcellulose,afoodthickener,soundsunpleasant,it’sreallynothingcomparedwithsalmonella(沙门菌)poisoningyoucangetfromregularmeat.
Also,theadcampaignmissesthebiggerpoint.ChoosinganImpossibleorBeyondburger
isn’tjustabouteatinghealthy.Burgers,whethertheyaremadefromprocessedpeaproteinorprocessedmeat,willneverbeashealthyasorganicrawvegetables.
What’sappealingistheprospectofenjoyingajuicyburgerwithoutthebitteraftertasteofguilt.
Let’sfaceit,therearehugeenvironmentalcoststoeatingcows.Cattleraisingiscontributingtoclimatechange,andnotjustbecausemethane(甲烷)fromcowsandcattleisresponsibleforabout14.5%ofgreenhousegas.Morebroadly,ourglobalfoodproductionsystemreleasesmorethanathirdoftheworld’sgreenhousegases.Yetwecan’tseemtocontrolourmeatappetiteevenknowingthatlargeareasoftheAmazonforesthavebeenruined,andcontinuetobecutdowntomakeroomformorecattletofeedthegrowingdemandforbeef.Humansalsoknowfullwellthatmanyanimalsliveshort,cruellivesinawfulconditionsforthepurposeofbecomingfoodsforhumanstoenjoyatdinner.
Aplant-basedmeatthatsatisfiesmeatdesiresanddeliversproteinbutwithasmallerclimatefootprintisapotentialenvironmentalgamechangerandthereasonImpossibleFoodswasoneofthosereceivingtheU.N.GlobalClimateActionAwardin2019.Nowonderthemeatindustryisonguard.
42.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mostprobablymean?
A.Theseadsdeservelittleconsideration.
B.Weshouldspreadthemessageoftheseads.
C.We’dbetterbecautiouswhenreadingtheseads.
D.Theseadstellpeoplealotaboutplant-basedburgers.
43.Whatdoweknowaboutadditivesandpreservativesinplant-basedburgers?
E.Theyarelikelytocausepoisoning.
F.Theiruseiswithinthenormalrange.
G.Somehavenotbeenusedinhamburgers.
H.Theyareusedtoensureburgerstastegood.
44.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsplant-basedburgers?
A.Supportive.B.Neutral.C.Disapproving.D.Doubtful.
45.Whichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthepassage?
I.
B.
C.D.
I:
IntroductionP:
PointSp:
Sub-point(次要点)C:
Conclusion
答案:
42.C43.B44.A45.D
2020海淀一模
D
Incollege,Iwastaughtaneleganttheoryofchemicalcombinationbasedonexcesselectronsgoingintoholesintheorbitalshellofaneighbouringatom.Butwhataboutdiatomiccompoundslikeoxygengas?
Don'task;studentsaren'treadytoknow.Inphysics,inbiology,inanyotherscienceclasses,studentsfrequentlygetthatanswertoo.
Ifstimetotruststudentstohandledoubtanddiversityinscience.Actually,studentsarestartingtoact.Theyhaveshamedtheirseniorsintoincludingmorediversecontributorsasfacultymembersandrolemodels.Youngscholarsrudelyasktheirsuperiorswhytheyfailtoaddresstheextinctioncrisesclarifiedbytheirresearch.Theinheritedauthoritarianpoliticalstructuresofscienceeducationarebecominglame一butstillremainlargelyunchangedfromtheoldschooldays.
Anarrow,rigideducationdoesnotprepareanyoneforthecomplexitiesofscientificresearch,applicationsandpolicy.Ifwediscouragestudentsfrominquiringintotherealnatureofscientifictruths,orexploringhowsocietyshapesthequestionsthatresearchersask,howcanwepreparethemtomaintainpublictrustinscienceinour"post-truth”world?
Diversityanddoubtproducecreativity;wemustmakeroomforthem,andstopguidingfuturescientistsintonarrowspecialtiesthatvaluetechniqueoverthought.
Inscience,evenfoundationalbuildingblockscanbequestioned.Theunifyingpatternsoftheperiodictablearenowquestionedundercloserexamination.Somescientistsnowwonderwhethertheconceptofbiological"species"contributesmoreconfusionthaninsight,andwhetheritshouldthereforebeabandoned.However,suchadecisionwouldaffectconservationpolicy,inwhichidentificationofendangeredspeciesiscrucial---soitisnotjustanissueforbasicscience.
Sciencestudentsgenerallyremainunawarethatconceptssuchaselementsandspeciesarecontestedorareevencontestable.Inschool,collegeandbeyond,curriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.Publicargumentsamongscientistsoftenpresumethateveryproblemhasjustonesolution.
Nonetheless,uncertainadviceoncomplexissuesshouldbeawarningthat,fromafutureperspective,today'stotalscientificconsensusonsomepolicyissuemighthavebeentheresultofstubbornness,aconflictofinterestorworse.Justasahealthydemocracyaccommodatesdissentanddissonance,thecollectiveconsciousnessofsciencewoulddowelltoembracedoubtanddiversity.Thiscouldstartwithteachingscienceasagreat,flawed,ongoinghumanachievement,ratherthanasacollectionofcut-and-driedeternal(永久的)truths.
Irecallalegendarychemistryprofessorwhowasnotskilfulatgettingclassroomdemonstrationstowork--butdiscussingwhatwentwronghelpedhisstudentstothrive.Amathematicianfriendletpupilsdiscusseverystatementinthetextbookuntilallweresatisfied.Theydidwellinexams,andtaughtthemselveswhenhewasabsent.Treatingpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers,whoseaskingteachesusall,isthekeytotacklingthechallengestoscienceinthepost-trustage.
42.Theproblemofcurrentsciencetrainingisthat.
A.studentscannotbecomespecialists
B.itgoesagainstestablishedscienceeducation
C.studentslosetrustintheirteachersandprofessors
D.itfailstoprovidestudentswithwhattheyneedinfuture
43.Theperiodictableismentionedtoprovethat.
A.eventhewidelyacceptedcanbechallenged
B.studentsaregenerallyignorantofscience
C.mostpreviousresearchesareoutofdate
D.sciencehasbeendevelopingwithtime
44.Itcanbelearntfromthepassagethat.
A.studentsmaybemoreinnovativeiftheyareallowedtodoubt
B.sciencestudentsdonotcontestelementsorspecies
C.studentsshouldnottrustestablishedscience
D.diversitypreventsprogressinscience
45.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsthewriter’sopinion?
A.Ourcurriculahighlightthetechnicalandhidethereflective.
B.Scienceshouldbeacollectionofcut-and-driedeternaltruths.
C.Teachersshouldtreatpeopleatalllevelsascommittedthinkers.
D.Theconceptofbiologicalspeciesbringsmoreconfusionthaninsight.
答案:
42.D43.A44.A45.C
2020朝阳一模
D
FactorFiction?
Non-fictioncanbebrokendownintomanycategories.Onecategoryisliterarynon-fiction,whichisstillbasedinfactbutemployssomeofthestorytellingelementsthatfictionuses.Literarynon-fictionincludesatypeofautobiography(自传)calledmemoir.Memoirmostoftenfocusesonacertainperiodoftheauthor’slife.Itis,bydefinition,rootedintruth.Still,peoplesometimesquestionwhethermemoirshouldbecategorizedasnon-fictionatall.
Asnon-fiction,memoirisintendedtobefactual.Isthisreallythecase,though,consideringmemoirreliesonhumanmemory?
Oneclassicstudy,ledbypsychologistElizabethLoftus,showedhoweasilyaninterviewer’schoiceofwordingcaninfluenceaneyewitness’saccountofatrafficaccident.Itisthereforereasonabletowonderwhethermemoirshouldcontinuetobebrandedasnon-fiction.
Certainly,humanmemorycanbeunreliable.However,amemoirauthorisundoubtedlywritingaboutsignificantandimpactfullifeevents.Memoriesofsucheventsareactuallymore
reliablethanothers.Studiesshowthatthemoreinfluentialaneventis,themoreaccuratelypeoplerecallthedetails.Asanemotionallychargedeventunfolds,thebrainactivitychangesinawaythatamplifiessmalldetails.Thisactivityhelpsbuildamorepreciseandaccuratememory.
Ofcoursethebrainisnotacamerathatcan“save”anymemorywithperfectaccuracy.Butifmemoirisquestionableduetotheimperfectionsofthehumanmind,thencriticswillhavetotacklenon-fictionmorebroadly.Allwritersareusingtheirmemorieswhentheycreate,andmoreover,theyarerelyingonthememoriesofothers.Journalistsconductinterviewstotellanewsstoryandhistorywritersdependontheaccuracyofaccountsfromlongago.Yettheyallrightfullyfallundertheumbrellaofnon-fiction.
Somepeoplemaydoubtmemoirnotbecausetheymistrusthumanmemory,butbecausetheymistrusttheauthor’smorality.Criticsmaysuspectanauthorofmakingupevents.However,thereisnoreasontobesuspiciousofmemoirauthor’sintentions.Writingafactualmemoirthatappealstoreadershas
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