常见英语作文错误.docx
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常见英语作文错误.docx
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常见英语作文错误
英语写作练习中的错误
英语写作练习中的错误大致可分为语言思维方面的错误、语法错误、用词错误、搭配错误、标点符号错误等。
英汉句子结构大体相同,即都是主谓宾顺序,但英语和汉语的主语概念有很大差异。
英语句子非常明确主谓之间的施动与受动的关系。
主语要么施动,用主动语态;要么施动,用被动语态。
而汉语不一样,汉语句子的主谓关系主要表示主题与评论的关系。
W:
TheabilitytospeakEnglish,IthinkIamthebestinourclass.
R:
IthinkIamthebestwhenitcomestotheabilitytospeakEnglish.
我觉得研究生的学习很忙。
W:
Ifeelthestudyofgraduateisverybusy
R:
Ifeelverybusywiththestudyofthegraduatecourses.
你的工作忙吗?
W:
Isyourworkbusy?
R:
Areyoubusywithyourwork?
她的英语说得好。
W:
HerEnglishspeaksgood.
R:
Shespeaksgood/fluentEnglish./ShespeaksEnglishwithfluency.
那里在举行英语晚会。
W:
TherewasholdinganEnglishpartythere.
R:
TheywereholdinganEnglishpartythere.
R:
TherewasanEnglishpartythere.
他带的手表是金子做的。
W:
Hewearsawatchismadeofgold.
R:
Thewatchhewearsismadeofgold.
W:
Youshouldn’tdisappoint
R:
Youshouldn’tbedisappointed
我希望多学到一些知识。
W:
Iwishtostudymoreknowledge
R:
Iwishtoacquire/obtain/gainmoreknowledge.
他教给我们许多知识。
W:
Hehastaughtusalotofknowledge.
R:
Hehastaughtusalotofthings.
R:
Hehasimpartedalotofknowledgetous.
W:
Nowadays,thetrafficinbigcitiesisgettingmoreandmorecrowded.
R:
Nowadays,thetrafficinbigcitiesisgettingheavierandheavier.
W:
Freshaircankeeppeoplehealth.
R:
Freshaircankeeppeoplehealthy.
W:
Helikesplayingbasketball,football,table-tennis.
R:
Helikesplayingbasketball,footballandtable-tennis
W:
OnlyIhaveagoodbaseIcandoeverythingwellinfuture.
R:
OnlywhenIhaveagoodbasecanIdoeverythingwellinfuture.
W:
BecauseIlikefreshair,soIliveinthecountryside.
R:
BecauseIlikefreshair,Iliveinthecountryside.
W:
Iwasreadingamagazine,myclassmatewastalking.
R:
Iwasreadingamagazineandmyclassmatewastalking.
W:
Hespeaksseveralforeignlanguages,suchasEnglish、French、German、Spanish。
R:
Hespeaksseveralforeignlanguages,suchasEnglish,French,GermanandSpanish.
W:
Thenovel《PrideandPrejudice》isveryinteresting.
R:
Thenovel“PrideandPrejudice”isveryinteresting.
W:
PeopletrytoresisttheinfluenceofTVcommercials,butitisoftenuseless.
R:
PeopletrytoresisttheinfluenceofTVcommercials,butthiseffortisoftenuseless.
W:
TVhasinformative,educationalfunction,anditisveryentertaining.
R:
TVhasinformative,educationalandentertainingfunction.
W:
Therearemanywaystoimprovecitytraffic.Forexample,wideningstreets,buildingsubwaysandsoon.
R:
Therearemanywaystoimprovecitytraffic,forexample,wideningstreets,buildingsubwaysandsoon.
R:
Therearemanywaystoimprovecitytraffic.Forexample,wecanwidenstreetsandbuildsubways.
W:
Therearemanywaystoimprovecitytraffic.Suchas,wideningstreets,buildingsubwaysandsoon.
R:
Therearemanywaystoimprovecitytraffic,suchaswideningstreetsandbuildingsubways.
下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析.
一.不一致(Disagreements)
所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致 时态不一致及代词不一 致等.
例1.Whenonehavemoney,hecandowhathewantto.
(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.)
剖析:
one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.
改为:
Onceonehasmoney,hecandowhathewants(todo)
二.修饰语错位(MisplacedModifiers)
英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1.IbelieveIcandoitwellandIwillbetterknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.
剖析:
better位置不当,应置于句末.
三.句子不完整(SentenceFragments)
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是书面语就不同了,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清,这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,笔者又想加些补充说明时发生.
例1.Therearemanywaystoknowthesociety.ForexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.
剖析:
本句后半部分"forexamplebyTV,radio,newspaperandsoon.”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.
改为:
Therearemanywaystoknowsociety,forexample,byTV,radio,andnewspaper.
四.悬垂修饰语(DanglingModifiers)
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:
Attheageoften,mygrandfatherdied.这句中"attheageoften"只点出十岁时,但没有说明”谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是mygrandfather,如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了.
改为:
WhenIwasten,mygrandfatherdied.
例1.Todowellincollege,goodgradesareessential.
剖析:
句中不定式短语“todowellincollege”的逻辑主语不清楚.
改为:
Todowellincollege,astudentneedsgoodgrades.
五.词性误用(MisuseofPartsofSpeech)
“词性误用”常表现为:
介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.
例1.Nonecannegativetheimportanceofmoney.
剖析:
negative系形容词,误作动词。
改为:
Nonecandenytheimportanceofmoney.
六.指代不清(AmbiguousReferenceofPronouns)
指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。
试看下面这一句:
Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedhertobeherbridesmaid.
(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。
)
读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。
如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。
这个句子可改为:
Marywasfriendlytomysisterbecauseshewantedmysistertobeherbridesmaid.
例1.Andwecanalsoknowthesocietybyservingityourself.
剖析:
句中人称代词we和反身代词yourself指代不一致。
改为:
Wecanalsoknowsocietybyservingitourselves.
七.不间断句子(Run-onSentences)
什么叫run-onsentence?
请看下面的例句。
例1.Therearemanywayswegettoknowtheoutsideworld.
剖析:
这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:
“Therearemanyways.”以及“Wegettoknowtheoutsideworld.”。
简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为:
Therearemanywaysforustolearnabouttheoutsideworld.或:
Therearemanywaysthroughwhichwecanbecomeacquaintedwiththeoutside
world
八.措词毛病(TroublesinDiction)
Diction是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,囿于教学时间紧迫,教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。
他们往往随心所欲,拿来就用。
所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。
例1.Theincreasinguseofchemicalobstaclesinagriculturealsomakespollution.
(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。
)
剖析:
显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。
另外“theincreasinguse(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusiveuse(滥用)”。
改为:
Theabusiveuseofchemicalsubstancesinagriculturealsocauses/leadstopollution.
九.累赘(Redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。
写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。
能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。
如:
Inspiteofthefactthatheislazy,Ilikehim.
本句的“thefactthatheislazy”系同谓语从句,我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为:
Inspiteofhislaziness,Ilikehim.
例1.Forthepeoplewhoarediligentandkind,moneyisjustthethingtobeusedtobuythethingtheyneed.
剖析:
整个句子可以大大简化。
改为:
Diligent,caringpeopleusemoneyonlytobuywhattheyneed.
十.不连贯(Incoherence)
不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语,或是结构上不畅通。
这也是考生常犯的毛病。
例1.Thefreshwater,itisthemostimportantthingsoftheearth.
剖析:
Thefreshwater与逗号后的it不连贯。
It与things在数方面不一致。
改为:
Freshwateristhemostimportantthingintheworld.
十一.综合性语言错误(ComprehensiveMisusage)
所谓“综合性语言错误”,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。
例1.Today,Moneytoeverybodyisveryimportance,our’seat,cloth,live,go
ItPaystobeHonest
1.Didthisnotonlyhasdeceivedteacher,washasdeceivedown.
2.Withsociety’sdevelopmentallappearedthepartialpeopledishonestphenomenonineachaspect.
3.Thepeopleofnothonestmaycheatthemselvesanditmakestheresultisverybadofserious.
4.Whenwewereveryyoung,wehaveknownthatweshouldhavetobehonest
5.Manypublicofficialsoftenskullduggeryinordertobecommend.
6.Andmanycorporationmakesshamproducttodeceiveourconsumer.
7.Iflosthonesty,wecommunitywillbackup.
8.Manystudentsstolealookatothers’papers.Eventhattheyletsb.takeplaceofthemselves.Wemustrecognizethatit’sveryfoolishthing.Ithurtsnotonlyothersbutalsoyourself.
9.Thosewhogainfortunes,notbyhardlabor,theyaredishonestandtheirreputationwillbecomepoor.
10.Nowadays,alargeamountofpeoplethinkthesay“itpaystobehonest”wasout-of-date.
11.Finally,theywillbepunishedfortheirdishonest.
12.Peopleincontactwithpeopleishonestly.
13.Atpresentsocietyhavemanyphenomenonofunhonest.
14.Butinthepast20yearsofmylife,Ifoundmanydishonestphenomenon.
15.…andtheywillmustgetanevilconsequence..
16.honestbenefitsourselfandbenefitsthemselves.
17.Honestisakindofvirtue.
18.Nowinsociety,productsbecomemoreandmore,andtheadvertisementswhichintroducedthemarealsobecomemoreandmore.
19.WhenIwasbeingachild,myparentsteachmetobeahonestchild.
20.Honestyisagoodcustom.
21.Peoplearewillingtoassociatewithahonestman.
22.Ifeverybodyarehonest,wecantrustallwordsandabandonthesuspiciousandjealous.
23.Ifeverybodylikethis,wecan’timaginehowwillthesocietyintobeing.
24.Theylackofhonesty.
25.Fakegoodsdamagedtopeople’shealth.
26.Parentseducatedusthatapersonshouldhonestsinceweisstillababy,becausehonestisavirtue,butthedishonest’sphenomenonisstillexistinthesociety.
27.Ifapersonishonest.Hewillbewelcomedwithothers.Otherswillbewillingtoassociatewithhim.
28.Asapersonwhoshouldbehonest.
29.Asweallknown,itpaystobehonest.
30.Inmyopinion,thehonestisveryimportant.WhenIwasachildren,myfatherwastoldmewillbeahonestman
31.Infact,ifamandoesn’thavehonest,it’sbadforhimorher.
32.Friendshipbaseonthehonest
33.Pleasetreatotherswhatyouwanttobetreated
34.Honestisbenefitforeveryone.
35.Ifhetellthetruth,hewillbescold.
36.Asacollegestudenthonestymeansalotofthingstome.
37.Peoplebedishonestformanyreasons
38.Certainly,therearestillmanypeoplekeeptobehonest.
39.AsfarasIconcerned,honestisaessentialhumancharacter.
40.Beinghonestonecangetwhathewant.
41.Peoplelookdownuponthosewhoalwaystellinglies.
42.Intheotherway(相反地),thosewhoarenothonestareunbelievedbypeople.
Corrections:
1.Doingthis/Thisacthasdeceivedtheteacherandthestudenthimself
OR:
Doingthis/Thisacthasnotonlydeceivedtheteacherbutalsofooledthethestudenthimself
2.Withthedevelopmentofsociety,somepeoplearebecomingdishonest./Withthedevelopmentofsociety,thereappearphenomenaofsomepeoplebeingdishonest.
3.Dishonestpeoplemay
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