八年级上英语知识要点.docx
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八年级上英语知识要点.docx
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八年级上英语知识要点
八年级(上)知识要点
Unit1Howoftendoyouexercise?
1.频率副词:
always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>hardly(ever)>never
1)含义:
always=allthetime“一直,总是”,无间断,100%Shealwayshelpsothers.
usually“通常”,习惯性动作
Weusuallygotoschooltogether.
③often“经常,时常”,中间有间断
Weoftengotoplayfootballafterschool.
④sometimes=attimes“有时,偶尔”SometimesIgotoschoolonfoot.
⑤seldom“很少”(否定含义)
Heisseldomlate,ishe?
⑥hardly(ever)“几乎不(曾)”(否定含义)
Hehardly(ever)goesouttoplaywithothers.
never“从来不”,完全否定
Hisfatherisneverlateforwork.(…,ishe?
)
2)位置:
频率副词常位于连系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,实义动词之前;
有例外,如sometimes可放句首或句末,usually有时置于句首,often常受程度adv.修饰,如veryoften常处于句末。
3)频率副词常与一般现在时态连用;
而always可用于进行时态连用,表示
“做……”,转达喜爱或厌恶的情绪;
ever,never常用于现在完成时态。
HeoftenwatchesTVonweekends./
JimisalwayssurfingtheInternet.
Sheisalwaysworkinghard.
Wehaveever/neverbeentoDalian.
4)seldom,hardly,never在反意疑问句中的考点
5)hardly与hard(=difficult,heavy,heavily)
(opp.soft,easy,easily)
hardadj.&adv.困难的,坚硬的,艰辛的,艰苦的,猛烈的;猛烈地,努力地,艰难地
2.次数的表达:
1)一次:
once
两次:
twice
三次及以上:
three/基数词times
一两次onceortwice
两三次twoorthreetimes
三四次threeorfourtimes
2)time(u)n.时间(c)n.次数,倍数
3)用次数表频率:
次数+a+单位时间onceamonth
比较:
Katrinagoesskateboardingthreetimesaweek.HowoftendoesKatrinagoskateboarding?
Katrinagoesskateboardingthreetimesaweek.HowmanytimesdoesKatrinagoskateboardingaweek?
3.every短语:
1)every+(c)n.单数“每……”
everyweek/day/month
2)every+基数词+n.“每隔……”
everyeighthours每隔八小时
everyfourmeters每隔四米
3)every与each
every与each修饰(c)n.单数时,常可互换
every强调全体,个个如此,所有的;
each强调个体,每一个、各个
③every只作adj.,必须修饰n.;
each可作pron.&adv.,以下两个句子只能用each.
Eachofthemdoeswellinplayingvolleyball.
=Theyeachdowellinplayingvolleyball.
(=Everyoneofthemdoeswellinplayingvolleyball.)
4.---Howoftendoyougotothemovies?
---Twiceaweek./Everytwoweeks.
1)howoften“多久一次”,问动作发生的频率
频率副词、次数+a+时间n.、every短语答
2)关于how
①Howareyou?
How’syourmother?
问身体健康状况;
②Howdoyoudo?
你好!
(第一次见面问候语)
③How’sitgoing?
④Howwasyourweekend/thebeach?
⑤How’stheweather?
(=What’stheweatherlike?
)
⑥HowdoyoulikeChina/yourclassteacher?
(=Whatdoyouthinkof…?
)
⑦对交通方式或做事的步骤、方式提问
Howdoeshegotowork?
Howdoesyourmothercookthedishes?
⑧howmany+(c)n.pl.
Howmanydaysdoesayear?
⑨howmuch+(u)n./问价格
Howmuchmeatdoyouusuallyeataweek?
Howmuchdidtheshoescost?
Howmuchisthedress?
=What’sthepriceofthedress?
⑨howold
Howoldisyourgrandpa?
(=What’syourgrandpa’sage?
)
⑩howabout(=whatabout)
I’mgoingtoTibetonvacation.Howaboutyou?
(=Andyou?
)
Howaboutshopping?
(=Let’sshop./Whynotshop?
…提建议)
11howlong
Howlongdoyouspendonyourhomeworkeveryday?
12howfar
HowfarisitfromyourhometoRongxian?
5.onweekends在周末(泛指)
许多表示时间的名词用其复数形式来泛指非特定的时间,onWednesdays在(每个)星期三
6.分开、合拢不一样:
1)sometimes,sometimes,sometime,sometime
sometimes=attimes“有时,偶尔”,频率副
词,表示动作发生的不经常性,(howoften)
常用于一般现在时态,偶用于一般过去时态
SometimesIplayfootballontheground.
②sometimes一个短语、两个单词,time为(c)n.,“好几次,好几倍”(howmanytimes)
IhavebeentoShanghaisometimes.
③sometime时间adv.“在某时,有朝一日”常指过去或将来的某个不确定的时间。
(when)
NextweekI’mgoingtovisityousometime.
IsawhimsometimeinMay.
④sometime一个短语、两个单词,time为(u)n.,“一些时间,一段时间”常与prep.“for”连用,(howlong)
Iwaitedforyouforsometime.
Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.
2)everyday,everyday
everyday一个短语、两个单词,“每天,天天”,作状语Hegoestoschoolbybikeeveryday.
②everydayadj.“日常的”只能与n.连用,放在n.前作定语
SpeakeverydayEnglisheveryday.
Heiswearingeverydayclothes.
Thestoresellseverydaythings.
3)maybe,maybe
maybe一个短语、两个单词,“情态v.+v.原”,“可能是”,作谓语,可表把握性不大的肯定推测。
Thebabyiscrying.Hemaybehungry.
(=Maybeheishungry.)
②maybeadv.“大概,也许”=perhaps,possibly作状语
MaybethatmanisMr.Smith.
(=ThatmaybeMr.Smith)
Maybeyoucangotherealone.
7.一词多性:
1)exercise
v.“锻炼、运动”Howoftendoyouexercise?
Somegirlsaregoingtoexercisemoretokeepfit.
②(u)n.“锻炼、运动”
do(take,get)(lotsof/much/more)exercise
(c)n.“练习、训练、体操”
domorning/eyeexercises
amathexercise,manyexercises
2)shop
n.商店=storeagift/clothing/clothesshop
②v.购物Ican’tstandshopping
=dosomeshopping/goshopping
3)about
prep.关于=on
Iwanttoknowabouttheillness.
②adv.大约=around
It’saboutsixo’clock.
4)when
adv.“何时,什么时候”问时间
Whendidshecomeback?
②conj.“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句(用一般现在时态表将来)
Whenhewas3,hecouldplaytennis.
③prep.“当……的时候”+n./pron./v.ing
You’llfindtheanswerwhenarrivingthere.
5)sleep
n.睡眠Weneedalotofsleep.
②v.睡觉Wecansleepninehours.
(work,like,look…)
8.go+Ving(户外的体育或娱乐或休闲活动)
goskating/skateboarding/surfing/swimming…
9.surftheInternet
10.all“所有的,全部(的)”
adj.allstudents
②pron.Allofthestudentshavetodohomework.
Allofthejunkfoodisbadforhealth.
③adv.位于be,助动词,情态动词之后,实义动词之前Weareallhere.Theyalllikemath.
④notall是表部分否定(notevery…同)
完全否定用none(>=3noneof…)
⑤都:
both=2,all>=3
⑥allthe+(数词)+n.=thewhole+(数词)+n.
alltheday=thewholeday
alltheyear=thewholeyear
allthethreehours=thewholethreehours
11.many/much–more-most
good/well–better-best
12.no=nota/an+(c)n.单数/
not+any+(c)n.pl./(u)n.
Thereisn’tanEnglishbook.
=ThereisnoEnglishbook.
Idon’thaveanymoney(time)toexercise.
=Ihavenomoney(time)toexercise.
Hedidn’teatanyeggs.=Heatenoeggs.
13.Herearetheresultsofastudentsurvey…
倒装句
②theresultsof………的结果
theresultsfor…关于……的结果
14.beactive积极的(activity)
takepartin…参加…
takeanpartin…积极参加…
15.asfor+n./pron./ving至于、就而言(句首)
16.add…to…把……加到……上
Addsomehoneytothecake.
17.pretty
adj.=beautiful,一般用于修饰小姑娘的俊俏
Whataprettygirl!
②adv.“很,相当”=very/quiet+adj./adv.
I’mpretty(very/quite)tiredafterawholeday’swork.
③quitea/an+adj.+n.=avery+adj.+n.
Isawquiteaninterestingmovie.
=Isawaveryinterestingmovie.
18.comehomefromschool
19.eatinghabits
thehabitofdoingsth.thehabitofsmoking
20.tryv.&n.
tryone’sbest=doone’sbest(todosth.)
尽最大努力(做……)
TryyourbesttoimproveyourEnglish.
②tryon试穿(V.+adv.:
V.+pron.+adv.)
MayItryiton?
③haveatry=wantago试一试
④trytodosth.企图/尽量做……(做事本身是目的)
Youshouldtrytoeatmorevegetables.
trydoingsth.试着做……(做事后的结果是目的)
21.ofcourse当然
(=certainly/sure/OK/Allright)
22.…soyousee(插入语)
Letmesee.让我想想。
see=understand理解、明白/think想、思考
23.lookafter=takecareof(sb./sth.)
Youshouldlookafteryourparentswell.
=Youshouldtakegoodcareofyourparents.
24.junkfood
25.Whynot+V.原…?
=Whydon’tyou+V.原…?
=How/Whatabout+ving…?
Whynotaskyourteacherforhelp?
=Whydon’tyouaskyourteacherforhelp?
=How(What)aboutaskingyourteacherforhelp?
26.bethesame(as)与……一样
lookthesame看起来一样
bedifferentfrom与……不同
difference(s)between…(and…)……之间的差异
27.health–healthy(healthiest)--unhealthy—healthily
be(keep/stay)healthy保持健康
=be(stay/keep)ingoodhealth
28.keep+O.+O.C.使……保持……(状态)
(sb./sth.)(adj./ving)
Pleasekeepyoureyesclosed.Keepthedooropen.
I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforalongtime.
29.make+O.(sb./sth.)+O.C(adj./V.原)
使……(人/物)……(怎样/做某事)
Itmademyshoesdirty.
HemakesmegetinterestedinEnglish.
30.although=though“虽然”+让步状语从句从属conj.,而but是并列conj.,两者不连用。
(because,so同理)
Althoughit’sverycold,wegotoschoolearly.
It’sraining,butwestillhavetodomorningexercises.
Becauseitrained,wedidn’tdomorningexercises.
Weworkhard,sowegetgoodgrades.
31.getgoodgrades
32.for+sometime(一段时间)
常用于现在完成时态,=since+一段时间+ago
对它提问用howlong(延续性动词)
--Howlongareyougoingtostaythere?
--Justforfourdays.
Hejoinsthearmyfortwoandahalfyears.(×)
Heisinthearmyfortwoandahalfyears.(√)
33.dear亲爱的,哎呀、天哪,昂贵的
(expensive—opp.cheap)
Review:
1.goodwell
2.–ed与-ing形容词之别
3.improve
4.help
1)(u)n.Thanksforyourhelp.
v.Thanksforhelpingme
②help(sb.)todosht./dosth.
Childrenshouldhelpparents(to)dohousework.
③help(sb.)withsth,/withdoingsth.
Ihelpedmyparentswithhousework./withdoinghousework.
④helponeself(tosth.)随便吃(……)
Helpyourselves(toapples).
⑤can’thelp+ving情不自禁(忍不住)做……
Wecouldn’thelplaughingwhenweheardthefunnystory.
5.readEnglishbooks/anEnglishbook.
1)read,watch,look,see
2)(c)n表类别
6.gotothemovies=seeafilm
7.What+be+one’s+favorite+n.?
=What+do/does+S.likebest?
8.play
9.good,well
10.some,any
11.do(one’s)homework
12.interest,interested,interesting
surprise,surprised,surprising
excite,excited,exciting
13.improve
14.ask
15.have,eat,drink,take
16.want/wouldlikesb.todosth.
17.begood+for(bebadfor)/at(=dowellindoingsth.)/tosb.(=befriendly/kindto)/with(=geton/alongwellwith
18.alotof=lotsof=many/anumberof(+(c)n.pl.)=much(+(u)n.)
alot
learnalot
②Ilikeitalot/verymuch.
Thanksalot.=Manythanks.=Thankyouverymuch.
19.名词性物主代词:
主格人称代词:
宾格人称代词
形容词性物主代词
20.kindn.adj.&adv.
21.like/love(dislike/hate)+todo/doingsth.
22.enjoysth./sb./doingsth./oneself
23.can’tstand+doingsth./minddoing/finishdoing
24.too(=aswell),also,either
25.Ithelpsmegetgoodgradesandstudybetter.
and并列结构
Unit2What’sth
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