运营管理复习整理英文review.docx
- 文档编号:8921628
- 上传时间:2023-02-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:52
- 大小:2.48MB
运营管理复习整理英文review.docx
《运营管理复习整理英文review.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《运营管理复习整理英文review.docx(52页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
运营管理复习整理英文review
Chapter1
WhatIsOperationsManagement?
Productionisthecreationofgoodsand
services
Operationsmanagementisthesetof
activitiesthatcreatesvalueintheformof
goodsandservicesbytransforminginputs
intooutputs
Transformations
♦Physical--manufacturing
♦Locational--transportation
♦Exchange--retailing
♦Storage--warehousing
♦Physiological--healthcare
♦Informational--telecommunications
♦E-commerce
TenCriticalDecisions
♦Service,productdesign
♦Qualitymanagement
♦Process,capacitydesign
♦Location
♦Layoutdesign
♦Humanresources,jobdesign
♦Supply-chainmanagement
♦Inventorymanagement
♦Scheduling
♦Maintenance
NewtrendsinOperationsManagement
♦EmphasisonPOMwhichisagatewayto
corporatestrategies
♦Businessprocessreengineering
♦Leanproduction
♦Supplychainmanagement
♦Agilemanagement
Virtualenterprise,win-winsolution
♦Masscustomization
Productivity
♦Measureofprocessimprovement
♦Representsoutputrelativetoinput
Productivity
=
Unitsproduced
Inputused
♦Onlythroughproductivityincreasescanour
standardoflivingimprove
TwoCriticalNotions:
♦Productivity
♦LearnCurve
Learning
♦Learning:
Relativelypermanentchangein
behaviorduetorepetition&rewards
♦Typesoflearning
♦Individual
♦Organizational
♦Resultsin'learningcurveeffect'
♦Firstobservedin1936inairplaneindustry
产品设计
Chapter2
Research&Development(R&D)
♦Organizedeffortstoincreasescientificknowledgeor
productinnovation&mayinvolve:
♦BasicResearchadvancesknowledgeabouta
subjectwithoutnear-termexpectationsof
commercialapplications.
♦AppliedResearchachievescommercial
applications.
♦Developmentconvertsresultsofappliedresearch
intocommercialapplications.
ReverseEngineering
Reverseengineeringisthedismantlingand
inspectingofacompetitor'sproductto
discoverproductimprovements.
Lensreverse
engineering
ProductDevelopmentTechniques
♦QualityFunctionDeployment(QFD)
♦OrganizingforProductDevelopment
♦ManufacturabilityandValueEngineering
♦ReverseEngineering
ValueAnalysis/ValueEngineering
♦Focusesondesignimprovementduring
production
♦Seeksimprovementsleadingeithertoabetter
productoraproductwhichcanbemore
economicallyproduced.
TheBenefitsofManufacturability
andValueEngineering
♦reducedcomplexityofproducts
♦additionalstandardizationofproducts
♦improvedfunctionalaspectsofproduct
♦improvedjobdesignandjobsafety
♦improvedmaintainabilityoftheproduct
MassCustomization
Masscustomization:
♦Astrategyofproducingstandardizedgoodsor
services,butincorporatingsomedegreedegreeof
customization
♦Delayeddifferentiation
♦Modulardesign
FacilityLocationandLayout
Chapter3
MajorMethodsofSolving
LocationProblems
♦Weightedmethodswhich:
♦Assignweightsandpointstovariousfactors
♦Determinetangiblecosts
♦Investigateintangiblecosts
♦CenterofGravityMethod
♦Findbestdistributioncenterlocation
♦Locationbreakevenmethods
♦Specialcaseofbreakevenanalysis
♦Transportationmethod
♦Aspecializedlinearprogrammingmethod
LayoutandItsObjectives
♦Layout:
Locationorarrangementof
everythingwithin&aroundbuildings
♦Objectivesaretomaximize
♦Customersatisfaction
♦Utilizationofspace,equipment,&people
♦Efficientflowofinformation,material,&people
♦Employeemorale&safety
导向布局:
1.以产品为导向的布局:
(洋快餐)专用设备,对材料要求高(挑剔),要求每一环节单位时间产出相当,种类小,效率高,不能产生瓶颈,个性化强。
U型布局:
占地小,空间大。
2.以工艺为导向的布局:
(云大医院)要求相同设备集中摆放,达到少停留,用到通用设备,对原材料不挑剔,整体成品移动时间最短,效率低,个性化弱。
Process,CapacityPlanningand6S
Chapter4
SomeBasicNotionsaboutProcess
♦Processisanorganization'sapproachto
transforminputsintooutputs
♦Inputsandoutputs
♦Networkofactivitiesandbuffers
♦Informationstructure
Flowtime,FlowRateand
InventoryDynamics:
Little'sLaw
AverageInventory(I)=Throughput(R)*AverageFlowTime(T)
Processanalysiscanbeappliedtomanydifferentcontext:
Materialflow
Customerflow
Jobflow
Cashflow
Bottleneck
Flexibility
现场管理的六大目标
♦Productivity
♦Quality
♦Cost
♦Delivery
♦Morale
♦Safety
6S是什么?
5S是日文SEIRI(整理)、SEITON(整顿)、
SEISO(清扫)、SEIKETSU(清洁)、
SHITSUKE(修养)这五个单词,因为五个单
词前面发音都是"S",所以统称为"5S"。
后
来SAFTY(安全)被纳入,称为"6S"管理。
破窗实验与5S--"暗示性"纵容
你知道张瑞敏接手海尔公司最初提出的口号吗?
你知道广州本田接手广州标致后做的第一件事吗?
☆☆安全安全((SAFTY)
航天发射五条安全标准
♦定位准确
♦机理清楚
♦故障复现
♦措施有效
♦举一反三
ProjectManagement
Chapter5
ProjectDefined
Project
Aseriesofrelatedjobsusuallydirectedtowardsomemajor
outputandrequiringasignificantperiodoftimetoperform.
♦Webster'sDictionary:
Alargeorimportant,oftenpublic
undertaking
ProjectSchedulingTechniques
♦Ganttchart
♦CriticalPathMethod(CPM)
♦ProgramEvaluation&Review
Technique(PERT)
TheSixStepsCommontoPERT&CPM
1.Definetheprojectandpreparetheworkbreakdown
structure,
2.Developrelationshipsamongtheactivities.(Decidewhich
activitiesmustprecedeandwhichmustfollowothers.)
3.Drawthenetworkconnectingalloftheactivities
4.Assigntimeand/orcostestimatestoeachactivity
5.Computethelongesttimepaththroughthenetwork.Thisiscalledthecriticalpath
6.Usethenetworktohelpplan,schedule,monitor,and
controltheproject
采用双代号网络图法(Activity-On-Arrow,AOA)
左大右小
VariabilityinActivityTimes
;CPMassumesweknowafixedtimeestimatefor
eachactivityandthereisnovariabilityinactivity
times
;PERTusesaprobabilitydistributionforactivity
timestoallowforvariability
X=u+δZX代表存货量,u代表期望,δ是标准差,Z是服务率
LimitationsofPERT/CPM
♦Assumesclearlydefined,independent,&stableactivities
♦Specifiedprecedencerelationships
♦Activitytimes(PERT)follow
betadistribution
♦Subjectivetimeestimates
♦Over-emphasisoncriticalpath
AggregatePlanning
TermSchedulingrmScheduling
Chapter6
ThePlanningProcess
确定是否外包
SchedulingIssues
;Schedulingdealswiththetimingof
operations
;Thetaskistheallocationand
prioritizationofdemanditi
;Significantissuesare
;Thetypeofscheduling,forwardor
backward
;Thecriteriaforpriorities
6-23
AssignmentMethod
;Aspecialclassoflinear
programmingmodelsthatassign
tasksorjobstoresources
;Objectiveistominimizecostor
time
;Onlyonejob(orworker)is
assignedtoonemachine(or
project)
若最少工序在第一道工序排第一位
若最少工序在第一道工序排最后一位
ThePsychologyofWaitingLines
"Waitingisfrustrating,demoralizing,
agonizing,aggravating,annoying,time
consumingandincrediblyexpensive"
FedEx'sAdvertisementAdvertisement
Twolawsaboutwaiting:
Occupiedtimefeelsshorterthanunoccupiedtimee____^_㿱
"Awatchedpotneverboiled."
S=PS=P--EE
SomeTipsaboutQueuing
;Unoccupiedtimefeellongerthanoccupiedtime
;Preprocesse--processwaitsfeellongerthaninprocesstime
;Anxietymakeswaitsseemlonger
;Uncertainwaitsarelongerlongerthanknown,finitewaits
;Unexplainedwaitsarelongerthanexplainedwaits
;Unfairwaitsarelongerthanequitablewaits
;Themorevaluabletheservice,thelongerthe
customerwillwait
;Solowaitsfeellongerthangroupwaits
InventoryManagement
Chapter7
InventoryandInventorySystem
•Inventoryisthestockofanyitemorresource
usedinanorganization.Theseitemsor
resourcescaninclude:
rawmaterials,finished
products,componentparts,supplies,andwork-
in-process.
•Aninventorysystemisthesetofpoliciesand
controlsthatmonitorlevelsofinventoryand
determineswhatlevelsshouldbemaintained,
whenstockshouldbereplenished,andhowlarge
ordersshouldbe.
TheFunctionsofInventory
♦Toserveasabuffertoagainstvariationinoperations
andtosmoothproductionrequirements
♦Toprovideastockofgoodsthatwillprovidea
"selection"forcustomers
♦Toprotectagainststockout
♦Totakeadvantageofquantitydiscountstohedge
againstpriceincreases
InventoryandProfit
Theaveragecostofinventoryacrossall
manufacturingintheUnitedStatesis30to35
percentofitsvalue,whileinretailcyclethe
inventorycostofanitemcanbeequalto25
percentofitsvalueannually,therefore,a
reductionofinventoryisanincreaseofprofit.
TypesofInventory
♦Rawmaterial&purchasedparts
♦Work-in-progress(Partiallycompletedgoods)
♦Maintenance/repair/operatingsupply
♦Finishedgoods
♦Goods-in-transittowarehousesorcustomers
Runtime:
Jobisatmachineandbeingworkedonsetuptime:
Jobisatworkstation,andtheworkstationisbeingsetup.
"
Queuetime:
Jobiswhereitshouldbe,butisnotbeingprocessed
becauseotherworkprecedesit.
Movetime:
Thetimeajobspendsintransit
Waittime:
Whenoneprocessisfinished,butthejobiswaitingtobe
movedtothenextworkarea.
Other:
"Just-in-case"inventory.
CycleCounting
♦Physicallycountingasampleoftotalinventoryon
aregularbasis
♦UsedoftenwithABCclassification
♦Aitemscountedmostoften(e.g.,daily)
AdvantagesofCycleCounting
♦Eliminatesshutdownandinterruptionofproduction
necessaryforannualphysicalinventories
♦Eliminatesannualinventoryadjustments
♦Providestrainedpersonneltoaudittheaccuracyof
inventory
♦Allowsthecauseoferrorstobeidentifiedandremedial
actiontobetaken
♦Maintainsaccurateinventoryrecords
Independentversus
DependentDemand
♦Independentdemand-demandforitemis
independentof
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 运营 管理 复习 整理 英文 review