考研英语真题答案及详解精编版.docx

考研英语真题答案及详解精编版.docx

《考研英语真题答案及详解精编版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《考研英语真题答案及详解精编版.docx（87页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

考研英语真题答案及详解精编版

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer’spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.

Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning—agradual7—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey’veapparentlylearnediswhento8.

Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?

That’sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe’veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI’veevermet.

Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:

Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsareinconclusive.

1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine

2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened

3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer

4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority

5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward

6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along

7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual

8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think

9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different

10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward

11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs

12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across

13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply

14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance

15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest

16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach

17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with

18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise

19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile

20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine.“Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,”WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword“habit”carriesanegativeconnotation.

Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,”saysDawnaMarkova,authorof“TheOpenMind”andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners.“Butwearetaughtinsteadto‘decide,’justasourpresidentcallshimself‘theDecider.’ ”Sheadds,however,that“todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe’reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:

analytically,procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought.“ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem—thatanyonecandoanything,”explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book“ThisYearIWill...”andMs.Markova’sbusinesspartner.“That’saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou’regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence.”Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.

21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing.

[A]casual[B]familiar[C]mechanical[D]changeable.

22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe.

[A]predicted[B]regulated[C]traced[D]guided

23.“ruts”（inlineone,paragraph3）hasclosestmeaningto.

[A]tracks[B]series[C]characteristics[D]connections

24.Ms.Markova’scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting.

[A]preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed

[B]nolongeremphasizescommonness

[C]maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel

[D]complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem

25.Ryanmostprobablyagreethat.

[A]ideasarebornofarelaxingmind[B]innovativenesscouldbetaught

[C]decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas[D]curiosityactivatescreativeminds

Text2

Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal（fatherly）wisdom–oratleastconfirmthathe’sthekid’sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit（PTK）athislocaldrugstore–andanother$120togettheresults.

Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.

Amongthemostpopular:

paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily’sgeographicroots.

Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.

Butsomeobserversareskeptical,“Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,”saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather’slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.

Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon’trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.

26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK’s______.

[A]easyavailability[B]flexibilityinpricing

[C]successfulpromotion[D]popularitywithhouseholds

27.PTKisusedto_______.

[A]locateone’sbirthplace[B]promotegeneticresearch

[C]identifyparent-childkinship[D]choosechildrenforadoption

28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto______.

[A]tracedistantancestors[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines

[C]fullyusegeneticinformation[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy

29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis__________.

[A]disorganizeddatacollection[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding

[C]excessivesamplecomparison  [D]lackofpatentevaluation.

30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.

[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting[B]DNAtestingandIt’sproblems

[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab[D]liesbehindDNAtesting

Text3

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicd