27语法填空介词1.docx
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27语法填空介词1.docx
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27语法填空介词1
高中英语语法知识词法部分讲解---------介词及练习
一.概念:
介词(preposition)又叫做前置词,一般置于名词之前。
它是一种虚词,一般不重读,在句中不单独作任何句子成分,
只表示其后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系。
介词后面的名词或相当于名词的词语叫做介词宾语。
可作介词宾语的词语通常有:
1)名词或名词性从句:
eg.①Helivesnearourschool.
②Thiswillgivemesomeideaofwhatlifeis.
2)代词:
eg.①Iamangrywithhim.
②Sheisn’tsatisfiedwithme.
3)动名词或动名词短语:
eg.Ihaveanideafrosolvingthisproblem.
4)不定式(只限于介词but和except):
eg.①Icandonothingforthembutjustsitherthereandhope.
②Icandonothingforthemexcepttosendthemmoney.
5)数词:
eg.Fourfromsevenleavesthree.
注意:
英语介词往往相当于汉语的动词。
eg.①Thepolicemanhelpedtheoldwomanacrossthestreet.警察帮助老大娘过马路。
(“过”=across)
②Areyouforitoragainstit?
你赞成还是反对?
(“赞成”=for;“反对”=against)
二、介词的种类:
A.介词按其构成分为1)简单介词(simplepreposition):
eg.at;in;ofsince,before,after等。
2)复合介词(compoundpreposition):
eg.asfor;asto;into;outof等。
3)二重介词(doublepreposition)
eg.fromunder;frombehind;untilafter;exceptin等。
4)短语介词(phrasalpreposition)
eg.accordingto;becauseof;inspiteof;onbehalfof等。
5)分词介词(participlepreposition)
eg.regarding;concerning;including;providing等。
B.介词按其词义分为1)地点介词:
eg.across;among;around;above;after;along;at;before;behind;below
2)时间介词:
eg.about;after;sround;asat;before;behind;between;by;during;for,from..
3)比较介词:
eg.as;like;over;above等。
4)除外介词:
eg.besides;but;except等。
5)反对介词:
eg.against;with等。
6)原因介词:
eg.for;with;from等。
7)结果介词:
eg.for;with;without等。
8)方式介词:
eg.by;in;with等。
9)所属介词:
eg.of;with等。
10)条件介词:
eg.on;without;considering等。
11)让步介词:
eg.inspiteof;despite等。
12)目的介词:
eg.for;to等。
13)根据介词:
eg.on;accordingto等。
三、介词短语及其功用:
介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语(Prepositionalphrase),介词短语在句中可用作:
1)主语:
eg.FromBeijingtoTianjingistwohoursbytrain.
2)表语:
eg.Shelookslikeanactress.
3)宾语:
eg.I’llgiveyouuntiltomorrow.
4)定语:
eg.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.
5)补语:
eg.Theyfoundthemselvesinadarkwood.
6)状语:
eg.Alberthassomuchworktodosothatheisstayinglateattheoffice.
四、相关知识点精讲:
1.表示地点位置介词:
1)at,in,on,to:
at:
(1)表示在小地方;
(2)表示"在……附近,旁边";
eg.①Hearrivedatthestationatten.②Heissittingatthedesk.
(3)表示的位置是某一点;
eg.atthethirdcrossroad/at108BeijingStreet/attheNorthPole
(4)可接集体活动。
eg.ataparty/concert/lecture/meeting…
athome/atthecornerofthestreet/atthefrontofthehall
in:
(1)表示在大地方;
(2)表示"在…范围之内";
(3)表示的位置往往是立体的,有长、宽、高等。
eg.①HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.②JiangsuliesintheeastofChina.
③inthedesk/inthecorneroftheroom/inapicture/inthewall
on:
(1)表示毗邻,接壤;
(2)表示的位置往往是一个平面或一条线。
eg.RussialiesonthenorthofChina./acityontheriver/ahotelonthethisroad
to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤.
eg.FujianistothesouthofJiangsuProvince.
2)above,over,on:
在……上
above:
(1)指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相
eg.①Thebirdisflyingabovemyhead.
对;两物体中间有一定的空间距离。
②Therearelightsabove/overourheads.
(2)与刻度连用时,用above。
③Canyouseetheplaneflyingover/abovethebuilding?
eg.threedegreesabovezero.
④Thewatercameabove/overourknees.
over:
(1)指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体
eg.①Thereisabridgeovertheriver.
有一定的空间,不直接接触.
eg.①There’sathickcloudoverthenorthofChina.
(2)表示“布满”,“盖满”
②Thereisatableclothoverthetable.
(3)表示“穿越”,“越过”,用over或acorss。
eg.Hewalkedover/acrossthebridge./Thereisabridgeover/acrosstheriver.
(4)与数字连用时用over=morethan。
eg.over100people/over800metresabovesealevel
on:
表示某物体上面并与之接触.
eg.Heputhiswatchonthedesk./onthewall
3)below,under:
在……下面
under:
(1)表示在…正下方,有垂直之意。
eg.Thereisacatunderthetable.
(2)接普通数词,under=lessthan
eg.100metresbelowsealevel/childrenundersevenyearsofage/underfifty
below:
(1)表示在……下,不一定在正下方
eg.Pleasewriteyournamebelowtheline.
(2)与刻度连用时,用below。
eg.tendegreesbelowzero
小测试:
1.Mary’s________thegarden.
A.in
B.at
C.on
D.into
2.Don’tworry.She’llfinishtheworkin______twentyminutes.
A.below
B.on
C.above
D.over
3.Fromthebridgewecouldseetheriver__________.
A.belowus
B.belowourselves
C.underus
D.underourselves
4.Theweatherhereis20degrees___________zerotoday.
A.under
B.in
C.below
D.on
5.Hewillbeback__________20minutes.
A.afterbelow
B.inbelow
C.afterunder
D.inunder
6.Whentheylookedup,theysawaplane________thetallbuilding.
A.on
B.over
C.through
D.in
7.Hefinishedhisworkin_________twentyminutes.
A.above
B.below
C.over
D.across
8.Helives____________203HuangheStreet.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.to
2.表示时间介词:
1)in,on,at:
在……时
in:
表示较长时间,如世纪,朝代,时代,年,季节,月及一般(非特指)的早,中,晚等。
eg.inthe20thcentury/inthe1950s/in1989/insummer/inJanuary/inthemorning/inthenight(在夜间)/inone'slife/inone'sthirties等。
on:
表示具体某一天及其早,中,晚。
eg.onMay1st/onMonday/onNewYear'sDay/onacoldnightinJanuary/onafinemorning/onSundayafternoon等。
at:
表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。
eg.at3:
20/atthistimeofyear/atthebeginningof/attheendof…/attheageof…/atChristmas/atnight/atnoon/atthismoment等。
注意:
在last,next,this,that,some,every等词之前一律不用介词.如:
Wemeeteveryday.
2)in,after:
在……之后
in+段时间"表示将来的一段时间以后;
eg.Mymotherwillcomebackinthreeorfourdays.
after+段时间"表示过去的一段时间以后;
eg.Hearrivedafterfivemonths.
after+将来点时间"表示将来的某一时刻以后。
eg.Shewillappearafterfiveo'clockthisafternoon.
3)from,since自从……
from:
仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;
eg.Hestudiedthepianofromtheageofthree.
sinc:
表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻,通常与完成时连用。
eg.Theyhavelivedheresince1978.
4)after,behind:
在……之后
after:
主要用于表示时间;
eg.Weshallleaveafterlunch.
behind:
主要用于表示位置.
eg.Lucyishidingbehindanoldhouse.
5)until/till:
直到…为止。
eg.till/untillastweek/till/untillnow/frommorningtillnight
6)by:
在某时间之前;不晚于……时间。
eg.bytheendoflasyyear
小测试:
1.Weoftengotothepark___________Sundaymorning.
A.on
B.in
C.at
D.from
2.Myaunthasworkedinaclinic___________1949.
A.after
B.before
C.till
D.since
3.HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon__________afewdays.
A.since
B.on
C.in
D.to
4.Ithappenedtobeverycold_____themorningofoursportsmeet.
A.at
B.of
C.on
D.with
5.Hedecidedtovisitthefactory_________Fridaynight.
A.at
B.in
C.on
D.over
6.Hesuddenlyreturned__________arainynight.
A.on
B.at
C.in
D.during
7.Thedoctorwillbefree__________.
A.10minuteslater
B.after10minutes
C.in10minutes
D.10minutesafter
8.“Howlonghashisbookshopbeeninbusiness?
”“_______1982.”
A.After
B.In
C.From
D.Since
9.Thetrainleavesat6:
00p.m..SoIhavetobeatthestation________5:
40atthelatest.
A.untilB.afterC.by
D.around
10.“CanIstay________theweekend?
”
A.by;until
B.until;around
C.till;by
D.at;on
“Yes,butyou’llhavetoleave_________Mondaymiddyatthelatest.”
11.Theyhavebeeninthestore__________.A.foralongtimeago
B.fornineo’clockC.sincetwohoursD.sicnetwohoursago
12.Ihavebeenplayingchess________manyyears,butI’mhardlyaexpert.A.inB.withC.sinceD.for
3.表示方式介词:
(1)by:
+接人或方式等。
eg.madebyhim/bythismeans
eg.bydoingthis/bycar/bus/train/bike/us/comeinbythedoor
(2)in:
+接语言/衣物等。
eg.inthisway
eg.inthe(this/that)way/inahigh(low)voice/inpen/ink/English/therain
(3)with:
+接工具性的名词或其他名词。
eg.withthismethod
eg.withahammer/apen(pencil)
(4)on:
+接人体名词和TV等词。
eg.lieonone’sback/tolearnEnglishonTV/ontheradio
(5)to:
+接乐器或乐曲名词。
eg.tosingtothepiano(guitar)/todancetomusic
注意:
1.byweight(volume):
按重/体积2.byheight:
按高度
3.byfax/radio/telephone:
靠传真、无线电、电话
4.bytheweek/thehour/theyear按周/按小时/按年
5.bythepound按英镑
小测试:
1.Heworkedouttheproblem_________thatmeans.
A.in
B.with
C.by
D.on
2.Pleaseanswermyquestion_________aloudenoughvoice.
A.by
B.at
C.with
D.in
3.Thisisthecar___________hecamehere.
A.bywhich
B.bythat
C.inwhich
D.withwhich
4.Helay_________hisback,hiseyes_________upward.
A.with;looked
B.to;looking
C.on;looking
D.on;looked
5.Heoftenwrote________apen,butnowheiswriting______pencil.
A.in;with
B.with;in
C.with;with
D.in;in
6.Hebuiltatelescope____________withhecouldstudytheskies.
A.by
B.through
C.on
D.with
7.Heoftensleeps___________thewindow___________.
A.by;open
B.when;opened
C.while;opening
D.with;open
8.Howbeautifulthegirllooks___________hernewclothes.
A.on
B.in
C.with
D.for
9.HeoftenlearnsEnglish__________TVafterwrok.
A.by
B.from
C.on
D.in
10.Theyoftendance_____________onSundaynights.
A.bymusic
B.bythemusic
C.tomusic
D.tothemusic
11.Thetallbuildingwasdestroyed___________abigfire.
A.with
B.in
C.by
D.on
12.Theyoungmanoftenwritesmusic___________
A.todance
B.todanceby
C.todancewith
D.todanceto
13.Themanagerkeepsintouchwithme___________.
A.withfax
B.tofax
C.byfax
D.byhefax
14.Hewascaught__________theheavyrain.
A.by
B.on
C.in
D.through
4.表示除外介词:
除外介词有:
besides;but;except和apartfrom。
(1)besides:
除外……之外(还包括……)。
eg.Weneedfifteenmorepeoplebesidesyourgroup.
besides+doingsth.
eg.Whatelsedidyoudobesideswritingaletter?
注意:
♣besides:
adv.而且;再说
eg.Idon’treallywa
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