高考英语江苏卷阅读完型.docx
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高考英语江苏卷阅读完型.docx
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高考英语江苏卷阅读完型
绝密★启封前
2016普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)
英语
第二部分阅读理解(满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
E-learning:
AnAlternativeLearningOpportunity
DayschoolProgram
SecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard(TDSB)areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.
Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovativerelevantandinteractiveLearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation
Theseon-linecourses
aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers
arepartoftheTDSBStudent’stimetable;and
appearontheStudent’sreportuponcompletion
Benefitsofe-Learning
Include:
AccesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool
Usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation:
and.
assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts
Ise-LearningforYou
Studentswhoaresuccessfulinon-linecourseareusually;
abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;
capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner;and,
abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess
Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.
56.E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.
A.theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachers.
B.theyarenotonthedayschooltimetable.
C.theyarenotincludedonstudents’reports.
D.theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses.
57.Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-learningcourses
A.Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.
B.Todotheirassignmentsindependently.
C.Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.
D.Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.
B
Chimps(黑猩猩)willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct(本能)tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.
Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreateffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpullatrandom---hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.
Humanchildren,ontheotherhandareextremelycorporative.Fromtheearliestages,theydecidetohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateaachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexpensivewithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanworriedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.
Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught.butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligence.Develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills,at least when compared with chimps..In tests conducted by Tomtasell, the children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests, but were considerably better at understanding the social world
Thecureofwhatchildren’smindshaveandchimps’don’tinwhatTomasellocallswhat.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.
58.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps
A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.
C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.
59.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey____.
A.havetheinstincttohelpothersB.knowhowtoofferhelptoadults
C.knowtheworldbetterthanchimpsD.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull
60.Thepassageismainlyabout____.
A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildrenB.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionality
C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannatureD.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren
C
ElNifio,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanshonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.
Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNifio,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNifioin1997helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesingrowththanthefallinpoorones.
ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.
ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.
Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.
61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1
A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.
B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.
C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.
D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.
62.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected
A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.
B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.
C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.
D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.
63.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat_________.
A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaid
C.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensationD.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst
64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage
A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin.B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.
C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino.D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.
D
Notsolongago,mostpeopledidn’tknowwhoShellyAnnFrancisPrycewasgoingtobecome.Shewasjustanaveragehighschoolathlete.TherewaseveryindicationthatshewasjustanotherAmericanteenagerwithoutmuchofafuture.However,onepersonwantstochangethis.StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteen-year-oldShellyAnnasatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningoftruegreatness.Hertimewerenotexactlyimpressive,butevenso,heseemedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundherlacking.HedecidedtoofferShellyAnnaplaceinhisverystricttrainingseasons.Theircooperationquicklyproducedresults,andafewyearlateratJamaica’sOlympicgamesinearly2008,ShellyAnn,whoatthattimeonlyrankednumber70intheworld,beatJamaica’sunchallengedqueenofthesprint(短跑).
“Wheredidshecomefrom”askedanastonishedsprintingworld,beforeconcludingthatshemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappearagainwithoutsigns.ButShellyAnnwastoprovethatshewasanythingbutaone-hitwonder.AttheBeijingOlympicshesweptawayanydoubtsaboutherabilitytoperformconsistentlybybecomingthefirstJamaicanwomanevertowinthe100metersOlympicgold.ShediditagainoneyearonattheWorldChampionshipinBriton,becomingworldchampionwithatimeofthefourthrecordever.
Shelly-Annisalittlewomanwithabigsmile.Shehasamentaltoughnessthatdidnotcomeaboutbychance.Herjourneytobecomingthefastestwomanonearthhasbeenanythingbutsmoothandeffortless.ShegrewupinoneofJamaica’stoughestinner
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