新风尚大学实用英语第四册课后练习答案forUnit 4.docx

新风尚大学实用英语第四册课后练习答案forUnit 4.docx

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新风尚大学实用英语第四册课后练习答案forUnit4

Unit4Careers

PassageAMakingYourJobWorkingforYou

BackgroundKnowledge

1.MariaBartiromo

MariaBartiromo（1967－）isanAmericanbusinessnewsanchorandinterviewer.ShehasworkedforCNBCtelevision,reportedregularlylivefromtheflooroftheNewYorkStockExchangeandquicklybecamepopular.Duringtheboomyearsofthestockmarketinthelate1990s,shewasnicknamedthe“MoneyHoney”aswellasthe“EconoBabe”.Bartiromoisalsoacolumnistandwriterforseveralbusinessandgeneralinterestmagazinesandhasreceivedseveralawardsforherwritingpieces.

2.Globalization

Globalizationisahighlycontroversialconcept.Thistermcameintofashioninthe1980sand1990s.Itisaprocessofcontinuingintegrationofthecountriesintheworldwherenationalmarketsarebecomingincreasinglyinterlinkedandproductionislikelytobeoperatedatagloballevel.Duetotheacceleratingpaceoftechnologicalchangeandtradeliberation,globalizationhasexposednationaleconomiestomuchmorefierceandintensecompetitionbetweencountries.Thereisnodenyingthatglobalizationhasbecomeatrendinthefutureandwillhaveagreatimpactoninternationaltraderate,internationalflowofcapital,internationaldataflow,internationalculturalexchange,internationaltravel,etc.

3.Relatedwebsitesorwebpages

http:

//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Bartiromo

TeachingDesign

1.Thestructureofthetext

Parts

Paragraphs

MainIdeaofEachPart

PartOne

Para.1

Theauthorstatesherviewpoint:

althoughthepayforroutinemanuallabortendstodecline,thevalueforintellectuallaborkeepsgoingup.

PartTwo

Paras.2-5

Globalizationandtechnologicalchangesrequiremorefromtheemployees:

continuallearningandspecialty.

PartThree

Paras.6-9

Itstatesthesignificanceofspecializedtrainingbothforemployeesandemployers.

PartFour

Paras.10-12

Itstatestheimportanceofpersonalperformanceintheevaluationofone’sworkinthefuture.

PartFive

Paras.13

Theauthorrestatesherviewpoint:

nomatterwhatyourageorbackgroundis,thereisamplescopeforthosecapableandskilledtodisplaytheirabilitiesandtalents.

2.Thewritingstyleofthepassage

Thisisanargumentativepieceofwriting,inwhichthewriterquotesmanywordsfrommanyinfluentialfigurestosupportherviewpoint,suchasThomsonfromCitigroup,TomFriedman（aNewYorkTimescolumnist）,TonyMolla（avicepresidentoftheNationalInstituteforAutomotiveServiceExcellence）,MicheleWinn（themanagerforLinderTechnicalServicesinIndianapolis）,etc.Byputtingallthosequotationsinalogicalorder,theauthortriestoconvincereadersthesoundnessofheropinion:

nomatterhowthefutureworkmarketchanges,thevalueofcapableintellectuallaborisstillgoingupandthereisamplescopeforthosecapableandskilledtodisplaytheirabilitiesandtalents.

Astheauthoradoptsmanyquotationsfromotherstosupportheropinion,thesentencestructureisgenerallynotverycomplicated.Butwhatmayconfusereadersiswhatonearththeauthorwantstodemonstratebyquotingwordsfromdifferentpeopleinvariousfieldsineachparagraph.Onlywhenreadershaveawholepictureaboutthelogicaloutlineofthearticlecantheyachievetheirdeepunderstandingofit.

3.SuggestionstoTeachingActivities

Warming-upactivity:

TogetstudentsfamiliarwiththerelatedtopicsofthetextandhavetheirspokenEnglishpracticed,itishelpfultodesignthefollowingtasksforstudentstocomplete.

Step1:

Studentsarerequiredtoviewthefollowingquestionsquickly.

No.1Whatarethemaincharacteristicsofglobalization?

No.2Whataretheimpactsofglobalization?

No.3Willyouworkinamultinationalcompanyaftergraduation?

Whyandwhynot?

Listyourreasons.

No.4Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofworkinginamultinationalcompany?

Step2:

Studentsaredividedinto8smallgroups,eachconsistingof4to5members,namingGroupA,B,C,D,E,F,G.,H.GroupA/BareresponsibleforquestionNo.1,GroupC/DforquestionNo.2,GroupE/FforNo.3,GroupG/HforNo.4respectively.Eachgroupmemberssharetheanswerstoaspecificquestionlistedabove.

Step3:

Fourgroups（A,C,E,G）aresupposedtoreporttheirsummarizedanswersoropinions,withonestudentfromeachgroupasthereporter.

Step4:

Theother4groups（GroupB,D,F,H）givecommentsontheanswerspresentedbytheirrespectivepartnergroupjustnow（forexample,groupBcommentonGroupA,groupDcommentonGroupC,etc.）,seeiftheyagreeordisagreewiththeirpartnergroup,oriftheyhavesomethingmoretoadd.

DetailedDiscussionoftheText

1.Withasingleglobalworkforce,manyworkersfearthatU.S.companieswillofferjobstocountrieswithcheaperlabor.（Para.1）

fear:

v.tobeuneasyorapprehensiveabout;toconsiderprobable害怕,担心;认为可能,希望

e.g.

Shefearedthetestresults.她为考试结果担心。

IfearIhavebadnewsforyou.恐怕我有个坏消息给你。

2.Whilerealwagescontinuetodropforroutinejobs…keepsgoingup.（Para.1）

while引导的从句，意思主要:

1）表示“当/在……时候”（注意：

引导的句子谓语动词只能是延续性动词）；2）while=although“尽管”、“虽然”，引导让步状语从句；3）“然而；可是”，常用来表达对比关系。

e.g.

Whilehereadthepaper,Icleanedupthekitchen.

他看报纸的时候，我清理厨房。

Whilethegrandparentslovethechildren,theyarestrictwiththem.

虽然祖父母们都爱他们的孩子，但却对他们要求严格。

Somepeoplelikecoffee,whileothersliketea.

一些人喜欢咖啡，而另外的人喜欢茶。

课文中的句子是属于第二种用法，意思是“尽管；虽然”。

3.Onanationalscale…（Para.2）

scale:

n.

1）arelativelevelordegree规模

e.g.

onabig/largescale大规模地/的onasmallscale小规模地/的

2）aproportionusedindeterminingthedimensionalrelationshipofarepresentationtothatwhichitrepresents比例

e.g.

aworldmapwithascaleof1:

4,560,000一幅比例为1:

4,560,000的世界地图

4.Hearguesthattechnologicaladvanceshavecreatedaflatworldinwhicheveryonecompetesforthesamejobs.（Para.3）

1）toargue:

vt.tomaintainorcontend坚持,主张

e.g.

Thespeakerarguedthatmoreimmigrantsshouldbeadmittedtothecountry.

讲演者举出理由证明应该允许更多的移民入境。

2）flat:

a.oforrelatingtoahorizontallinethatdisplaysnoupsordowns平面的。

文章中指的是技术进步造就了一个“平面的世界”,即所有人都可以在同一个层面（或有相同的机会）竞争同一份工作。

5.Todistinguishyourself,saysFriedman,it’scriticaltohaveaspecialtythat…（Para.3）

1）todistinguish:

v.tocause（oneself）tobeeminentorrecognized使出众；使受人青睐

e.g.

Theyhavedistinguishedthemselvesasdedicatedsocialworkers.

他们作为全心全意的社会工作者而出人头地。

Hedistinguishedhimselfmanytimesinbattle.

他屡建战功。

2）specialty:

n.aspecialpursuit,occupation,aptitude,orskill专业;专长

e.g.

Physicsishisspecialty.

物理学是他的专业/专长。

MakeaspecialtyofEnglish.

专门研究英语。

6.Youhavetothinkofyourselfcompetingwithotherindividualsallovertheworld,…（Para.4）

tothinkof:

1）totakeintoaccount;consider考虑到

e.g.

Dobecareful-thinkoftherisksyou’retaking.

务必要小心——要考虑你们所承担的风险。

It’saniceidea,butthinkofthecost.

这是一个好主意，但是要考虑一下费用。

2）tohaveasanopinionabout表示对问题的看法或考虑某件事

e.g.

Whatdoyouthinkof/aboutthegovernment’slatestoffertotheteachers?

你对政府最近提出的教师待遇方案有什么想法？

3）

todreamof想到

e.g.

Ineverthought/dreamedofhappinesslikethis.

我过去做梦也没想到像这样幸福。

Mydaughterneverthought/dreamedofreceivingaletterfromagirlofherownageinHolland.

我的女儿过去做梦也没想到会收到与她年龄的一位荷兰姑娘的来信。

7.Intheknowledge-basedworkplaceFriedmandescribes,winnerswillbepeoplewithagility,skillsandtraining.（Para.5）

1）knowledge-basedworkplace:

workplaceinwhichknowledgeisthecentreandplaysaveryimportantrole

2）base:

v.touseasabasisfor;foundon设立;以…为基地

e.g.

tobasethenewcompanyinPortland在波特兰设立公司

basesth.on/uponsth.else:

tomakesth.byusingsth.elseasthestartingpoint以……为基础/根据

e.g.

tobaseherconclusionsonthereport根据报告得出她的结论

afilmbasedonabest-sellingnovel一部以畅销小说为题材的影片

C.F.base与basis的区别：

base常指有形的基础，侧重指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。

而basis常指无形的基础，主要用作抽象或引申意义；

militarybase是指军事基地;economicbasisandsuperstructure是指经济基础和上层建筑。

8.Butthey’llalsotouchtheskilledtrades…（Para.5）

trade:

1）n.theskilledpracticeofapracticaloccupation职业,行业

e.g.

Thebuildingtradesincludecarpentry,masonry,plumbing,andelectricalinstallation.

建筑行业包括木工、石匠、管道工及电线配线工

2）v.tobuyandsellgoods交易,买卖,经商

e.g.

Shebuiltupherwealthbytradingwithcustomersfromothercountries.

她靠同别国的客户做生意积累了财富。

tradeon:

toputtocalculatedandoftenunscrupulousadvantage;exploit（不公正地）

利用

e.g.

Hetradesonhisfather’sreputation.他用他父亲的名誉牟利。

9.Automotiveserviceshasbecomeaparticularlyhotcareer.（Para.6）

particularly:

ad.toagreatdegree;especially很大程度上地；特别地

e.g.

Hisbehaviorisnotparticularlyadult.

他的举止行为还不太成熟。

Heisn'tparticularlysmart.

他并不特别聪明。

10.Youraverageautotechniciangoesthroughatrainingprocessthatisverymuchlikeanengineeringcourse…（Para.6）

1）average:

a.usualorordinaryinkindorcharacter一般的，通常的，平均的

e.g.

averageeyesight中等视力

Theaverageageoftheboysinthisclassisfifteen.

本班男生的平均年龄是十五岁。

Tom’sworkatschoolisabove/belowtheaverage.

汤姆的功课是中上/下。

2）gothrough:

toexperience经历

Wewentthroughhellwhileworkingonthisproject.

执行这一计划时我们经历了许多困难

11.Atopskilledmechaniccanmakeupto$100,000ayear.（Para.6）

1）top:

a）n.inapositionofpreeminence杰出的;处于极突出位置的

e.g.

thetophistorianinthedepartment部门中最杰出的历史学家topstudent最优秀的学生

b）v.tobeattheheadof处于…的最前头

e.g.

Shetoppedherclass.

她在她们班排名第一

2）upto:

asmany（much/long…）as多至……;长至……

e.g.

Allowthestudentsuptotwohourstofinishthetest.

允许学生有两个小时来完成考试。

Seedyieldsupto300kilogramperacre.

种子每英亩能产300千克。

12.Boredwith