中国的监狱制度.docx
- 文档编号:8876046
- 上传时间:2023-02-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:5
- 大小:18.78KB
中国的监狱制度.docx
《中国的监狱制度.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《中国的监狱制度.docx(5页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
中国的监狱制度
中国的监狱制度
JailSystem
ThePrisonLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasadoptedandwentintoforceonDecember20,xxatthe11thmeetingoftheStandingCommitteeoftheEighthNationalPeople'sCongress.
RegulatoryAuthorities
ThePrisonLawprovidesthattheStateCounciljudicialadministration(MinistryofJustice)supervisesallprisonsacrossthecountry.TheMinistryofJusticehasaBureauofPrisonAdministrationthatsupervisesallprisonsinthecountry.Intheprovinces(municipalitiesdirectlyunderthecentralgovernmentandautonomousregions),officesofjusticeareresponsibleformanagingprisonsintheirownjurisdictionthroughtheirprisonadministrationarms.
PrisonsinChinaaredividedintotwocategories:
Prisonsincarceratinginmateswhohavebeencondemnedbycourtstoafixed-termsentence,lifesentenceordeathpenaltywithtwoyearsreprieve.Maleandfemaleinmatesarewardedseparately,withfemalewardsmanagedbyfemalelawenforcementpersonnel.Prisonsmayalsobedividedintowardsforfelonsandcriminalsofmisdemeanor.
Penitentiariesforjuveniledelinquents,criminalsofminoragewhohavebeencondemnedbycourtstoafixed-termsentence,lifesentenceordeathpenaltywithtwoyearsreprieve.Specialprotectionisextendedtojuveniledelinquents,withcustomizedproceduresinplacetocatertotheirneeds.
PrisonSetupandStaffing
ThePrisonLawprovidesthattheStateCounciljudicialadministrationapprovestheestablishment,eliminationandrelocationofprisonsinlinewithhistorical,economicandnaturalfactors.Thisprovisionisdesignedtooptimizethedistributionofprisonsandensuretheunified,effectiveandaccurateexecutionofpenalties.
Prisonsusuallyhaveonewardenandseveraldeputywardensandvariousadministrativedepartmentsandstaff.Inadditiontoadministrativeofficesandcommercialinstitutions,prisonsalsohavesanitaryandeducationfacilities.
ThePrisonLawprovidesthatthemanagerialpersonnelofprisonsaremembersofthepoliceforcewhoenjoythesamelegalstatusaspublicsecurityandtrafficpolice.
FinancialSystemofPrisons
ThePrisonLawstatesthatthestateensuresfundingforprisonsinreforminginmates.Expensesrelatedtoprisonpolice,reformationofprisoners,dailylifeofinmates,maintenanceofprisonfacilitiesandotheritemsarebudgetedforinthecentralgovernment'splanning.Thestateprovidesproductionfacilitiesandfundingneededforprisonlabor.Land,mineralresourcesandothernaturalresourceslegallyemployedbyprisons,aswellasthepropertyofprisonsareprotectedbylaw;noentityorindividualcantrespassordamagethoseproperties.
FundamentalPrinciples
Article3ofthePrisonLawstatesthatprisonsshouldfollowtheprincipleofcombiningpenaltywithreform,educationwithlabor,inabidtoreformprisonersintolaw-abidingcitizens.
1.TransformationThroughPunishment
Prisonspunishcriminalsbecause,withoutpunishment,itisdifficultforcriminalstocometogripswiththeircrimesandbegintheirlifeanew.Whilepunishmentfocusesonenforcement,reformfocusesontransformation.Punishmentisthemeans,whiletransformationistheend.Thepurposeofpunishmentistotransformcriminalsintolaw-abidingcitizens.Thisispreciselywhatcriminalpenaltiesarefor.Prisonsdonotpunishcriminalsforpunishment'ssake.
2.CombiningEducationwithLabor
Toeffectivelyreformprisoners,itisalsonecessarytocombineeducationwithlabor.Educationcanbemultifaceted:
ideological,cultural,vocationalandtechnical.
ExecutionofPenalties
Lawenforcementauthoritiesimplementcriminalrulingsandjudgmentspassedbyjudicialauthoritiesthathavealreadytakeneffect,inaccordancewithlegalprocedures.Chineseprisonsexecutethefollowingtypesofpenalties:
1.Committal,i.e.commitmenttoimprisonmentofconvictswhohavebeencondemnedtodeathpenaltywithtwoyearsreprieve,lifesentenceorafixed-termsentence.Committalmeansthebeginningoftheexecutionofpenalty,aseriouslawenforcementactivity.Therefore,itmustbeconductedinstrictcompliancewithlegalprocedures.
Publicsecurityauthoritiesthatincarceratecriminalsthathavebeencondemnedtodeathpenaltywithtwoyearsreprieve,lifesentenceorafixed-termsentencemusttransferthecriminalstoprisonsforexecutionofpenaltywithinonemonthofreceiptoftheexecutionnoticeorruling.Whiletransferringthecriminalstotheprison,courtsmustpresentrelevantlegaldocumentsincludingcopiesoftheprosecutionstatementpreparedbytheprocuratorate,therulingbythecourt,noticeofexecutionandformofregistrationforclosureofcase.Prisonauthoritiesmayrejectcriminalsifthesedocumentsarenotreceived.Ifthesedocumentsarenotcompleteorcontainerrors,thecourtthatissuestherulingineffecthastoamendorcorrectthedocumentsinatimelyfashion;thosethatmayleadtomistakenimprisonmentmaynotbeaccepted.
Criminalsthathavebeentakeninshouldgothroughphysical,corporalandpersonal-effectexaminations.Criminalscondemnedtolifeimprisonmentorfixed-termsentencewhohavebeenfound,duringthephysicalexamination,tohavecontractedseriousillnessneedingmedicaltreatmentonbailorfemalecriminalswhoarepregnantorbreast-feedingtheirnewbornmaybeexemptedfromimprisonmenttemporarily.Thatprovision,howeverdoesnotincludecriminalscondemnedtodeathpenaltywithatwoyearsreprieve.Theprisonshouldnotifythecourtoftheresultofthephysicalexaminationandthecourt,inturn,shoulddecidewhetherthecriminalsshouldbeallowedtoseekmedicaltreatmentonparole.Personaleffectsthathavebeenfoundtobeincompatiblewithregulationsshouldbeconfiscated;non-essentialsshould,uponapprovaloftheinmate,beturnedintotheprisonauthoritiesforsafekeepingorreturnedtotherelativesoftheinmate.Femaleinmatesshouldbeexaminedbyfemalepoliceofficers.Criminalsshouldnotbringtheirchildrenwiththemtotheprison.
Uponadmissionintotheprison,theprisonauthoritiesshouldnotifythefamilyoftheinmate;thenoticeshouldbeissuedwithinfivedaysofadmission.
2.HandlingofPetitions,AccusationsandReportingbyInmates
Duringtheexecutionofpenalty,petitionsfiledbyinmatesshouldbereferredwithoutdelaytoprocuratoratesorcourts.Prisonsshouldsetupacomplaintsboxanddesignateaspecialindividualtoopentheboxinordertofacilitategrievanceredress.Theprocuratoratesorthecourtsshouldnotifytheprisonwithinsixdaysofreceiptofaletterofsuggestionssubmittedbytheprison.
Inmateshavetherighttobringachargeagainstorreportprisonpoliceandotherpersonnelfortheirillegalacts.Theprisonauthoritiesshouldprocessthesubmittedmaterialsandgetthematterresolvedifitfallswithintheirjurisdiction;ifitisnotwithintheirjurisdiction,thenitshouldbetransferredwithoutdelaytoprocuratoratesorcourts.
3.ServingaSentenceOutsidethePrison
Thisisasystemthatallowscriminalswhomeetprescribedconditionstoservetheirsentenceoutsidetheprisontemporarily.Thisisdoneintwoways.First,uponannouncementoftheruling,iftheconvictisseriouslyillwarrantingmedicaltreatmentonbail,orispregnantorbreast-feedingherbaby,thecourtmaydecidethattheconvictcanservehisorhersentenceoutsidetheprison.Second,whileservingaterm,aninmatemaybepermittedtoservetheremainderofthesentenceoutsidetheprisonthroughmeetingthefollowingconditions:
seriouslyillandindangerofdeathintheshortterm;seriouschronicillnessforwhichmedicaltreatmentisnoteffective;over60yearsofage,inpoorphysicalconditionsandunlikelytoendangersocietyanymore;physicallyhandicappedandunabletowork.Insuchcases,theprisonauthoritiesshouldprepareawrittenproposalandsubmitittoprisonadministrationauthoritiesoftheprovinces(municipalitiesandautonomousregions)。
Oncethecircumstancespermittingatemporaryservingofasentenceoutsidetheprisonarenolongerthere,prisonersshouldbereadmittedandcontinuetoservetheirsentence.Ifthedecisionwasmadebyacourt,theprisonershouldbehandedoverbythepublicsecurityhandlertotheprisonauthorities;ifthedecisionwasmadebytheprisonauthorities,thepublicsecurityauthoritiesthathandlethecaseshouldnotifytheprisonauthoritiesinatimelyfashion.Thosethathavealreadyservedtheirsentenceoutsidetheprisonshouldcompletereleaseformalitiesattheoriginaladmissionprison.Forthosethatdiedwhileservingtheirsentenceoutsidetheprison,publicsecurityauthoritiesshouldnotifytheoriginaladmissionprisonofthedeath.
4.CommutationofSentenceandParole
Commutationmeansanabatementofsentenceinaccordancewithlegalrequirementsandprocedures.Prisonsareresponsibleforfilingapplicationstocourtsforprisonerswhomeetrequirementsforcommutation.Thecourtshouldreviewanapplicationandadjudicatewithinonemonthofreceiptofproposal.Forcomplicatedorextraordinarycases,thatdeadlinemaybeextendedforonemoremonth.
5.ReleaseandPlacement
Uponcompletionoftheirterm,prisonersshouldbereleasedandissuedacertificateofrelease.Theprisonershouldprovideawrittenevaluationoftheprisoner'sperformanceinprisonandhanditoveralongwithacopyoftherulingtothepublicsecurityoutletthathandlestheregistrationofpermanentresidenceoftheformerprisoner.
Thereleasedpersonshouldapplyforregistrationofpermanentresidencewiththelocalpublicsecurityauthoritieswiththecertificateofreleaseandtheyshouldenjoyequalrightsasothercitizens.
PrisonAdministration
Prisonadministrationincludes
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 中国 监狱 制度