考研英语一真题答案解析0.docx
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考研英语一真题答案解析0.docx
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考研英语一真题答案解析0
2005考研英语一真题答案解析
2005年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案SectionⅠUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1(10points)
Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare3toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,6wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.
Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,9othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend11tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell12cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toitoftenenough.
Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot17oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarandemergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.
1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[D]while
2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding[D]besides
3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated[D]confined
4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[C]missing[D]tracking
5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[D]therefore
6.[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[D]asif
7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[C]determining[D]detecting
8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[D]diffused
9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas
10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[D]typical
11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[D]impulses
12.[A]atfirst[B]atall[C]atlarg[D]attimes
13.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[D]exposed
14.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient[D]insufficient
15.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[D]create
16.[A]still[B]also[C]otherwise[D]nevertheless
17.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[D]tired
18.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice
19.[A]availabe[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable
1
上一页下一页20.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom
SectionⅡReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)Text1
Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman”,withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitalltoomonkey,aswell.
Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodtardily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'sandDr.dewaal's;study.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbecamemarkedlydifferent.
Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods(andmuchpreferabletocucumbers)Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedto;acceptthesliceofcucumberIndeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber(withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit)wasenoughtoreduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.
Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareaco-operative,grouplivingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone,RefusingalesserD.explainingaphenomenon.
22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”(Lastline,paragraphl)impliesthat
A.monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.
B.resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'nature.
C.monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.
D.noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.
23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare
A.moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.
B.attentivetoresearchers'instructions.
C.niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.
D.moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions
24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys
A.prefergrapestocucumbers.
B.canbetaughttoexchangethings.
C.willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.
D.areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.
25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.
B.Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.
C.Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.
D.Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.
Text2
Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'tknowforsure?
Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?
Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?
LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.
Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth'satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointinteprefacetothepanel'srepor“ScienceneverhalltheanswersButsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatoutnationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.”
Justasonsmokingvoicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'sOktokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.thisisadangerousgame:
bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudent
3
上一页下一页peoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow.
Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'sadvisersstilldon'ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”.
Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearchButresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'ttakethelegislativeinitiative,CongressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasuresAbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.
26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat
A.therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.
B.thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.
C.peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.
D.antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.
27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas
A.aprotector.
B.ajudge.
C.acritic.
D.aguide.
28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”(Lastline,paragraph4)
A.Endlessstudieskillaction.
B.Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.
C.prudentplanninghinders.
D.Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.
29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoabout
A.Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.
B.Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.
C.Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.
D.Takesomelegislativemeasures.
30.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause
A.theybothsufferedfromthegovernment'snegligence.
B.alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer.
C.theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer.
D.bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse.
Text3
Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight'ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworl
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