河北省鸡泽县第一中学学年高二上学期寒假作.docx
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河北省鸡泽县第一中学学年高二上学期寒假作.docx
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河北省鸡泽县第一中学学年高二上学期寒假作
2017-2018学年寒假作业英语试题(六)
一、阅读理解(共18小题;每小题2分,满分36分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Supposeyou’reinarush,fellingtired,notpayingattentiontoyourscreen,andyousendanemailthatcouldgetyouintrouble.
Realizationwillprobablysetinsecondsafteryou’veclicked“send”.Youfreezeinhorrorsandburnwithshame.
Whattodo?
Herearefourcommonemailaccidents,andhowtorecover.
Clicking“send”toosoon
Don’twasteyourtimetryingtofindoutifthereceivershasreadityet.Writeanotheremailasswiftlyasyoucanandsenditwithabrieftitleexplainingthatthisisthecorrectversionandthepreviousversionshouldbeignored.
Writingthewrongtime
Thesooneryounotice,thebetter.Respondquicklyandbriefly,apologizingforyourmistake.Keepthetonemeasured:
don’thandleittoolightly,aspeoplecanbeoffended,especiallyifyourerrorsuggestsamisunderstandingoftheirculture(i.e.incorrectorderingofChinesenames).
Clicking“replyall”unintentionally
Youaccidentallyreveal(透露)toentirecompanywhatmenuchoicesyouwouldpreferatthestaffChristmasdinner,orwhatholidayyou’dliketotake.Inthisinstance,thebestsolutionistosendaquick,light-heartedapologytoexplainyourawkwardness.Butitcanquicklyrisetosomethingworse,wheneveryonestartshitting“replyall”tojoininalongandunpleasantconversation.Inthisinstance,stepawayfromyourkeyboardtoalloweveryonetocalmdown.
Sendinganoffensivemessagetoitssubject
Themostawkwardemailmistakeisusuallycommittedinanger.Youwriteanunkindmessageaboutsomeone,intendingtosendittoafriend,butaccidentallysendittothepersonyou’rediscussing.Inthatcase,asktospeakinpersonassoonaspossibleandsaysorry.Explainyourfrustrationscalmlyandsensibly—seeitasanopportunitytoclearupanydifficultiesyoumayhavewiththisperson.
1.Afterrealizinganemailaccident,youarelikelytofeel_______.
A.curiousB.tiredC.awfulD.funny
2.Ifyouhavewrittenthewrongnameinanemail,itisbestto________.
A.apologizeinaseriousmanner
B.tellthereceivertoignoretheerror
C.learntowritethenamecorrectly
D.sendashortnoticetoeveryone
3.Whatshouldyoudowhenanunpleasantconversationisstartedbyyour“replyall”email?
A.Tryofferingotherchoices.
B.Avoidfurtherinvolvement.
C.Meetotherstaffmembers.
D.Makealight-heartedapology.
4.Howshouldyoudealwiththeproblemcausedbyanoffensiveemail?
A.Bypromisingnottooffendthereceiveragain.
B.Byseekingsupportfromthereceiver’sfriends.
C.Byaskingthereceivertocontrolhisanger.
D.Bytalkingtothereceiverfacetoface.
5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.Definingemailerrors.
B.Reducingemailmistakes.
C.Handlingemailaccidents.
D.Improvingemailwriting.
B
Fifteenyearsago,ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea,whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees,Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.
Unfortunately,justasItookoutmycamera,awomanapproachedfrombehind,andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme,thiswomanwasheretostop,sighandappreciatetheview.
PatientasIwas,afterabout15minutes,mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake,Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandscape?
Sure,Icouldhaveaaskedher,butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.
Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethephotoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit,Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape,beautifulonitsown,somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.
Thisphoto,withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it,nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉)andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall?
Abedroom,afterall,isaveryprivatespace,inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存).Insomeways,shelivesinmyhouse.
Perhapsweallliveineachothers’spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor:
toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty,thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure,forconnection,forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.
Thatphotoisareminder,acapturedmoment,anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen,separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.
6.Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto?
A.Hercamerastoppedworking.
B.Awomanblockedherview.
C.Someoneaskedhertoleave.
D.Afriendapproachedfrombehind.
7.Accordingtotheauthor,thewomanwasprobably_______.
A.enjoyingherselfB.losingherpatience
C.waitingforthesunsetD.thinkingaboutherpast
8.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmakesthephotosoalive?
A.Therichcolorofthelandscape.
B.Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.
C.Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto.
D.Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.
9.Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand________.
A.theneedtobeclosetonature
B.theimportanceofprivatespace
C.thejoyofthevacationinItaly
D.thesharedpassionforbeauty
10.Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon_______.A.aparticularlifeexperience
B.thepleasureoftraveling
C.theartofphotography
D.alostfriendship
C
Measles(麻疹),whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine(疫苗).Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.
Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.
Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.
That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.
Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.
Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout(决定不参加)ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption(豁免),sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.
Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.
Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?
Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.
11.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat____________.
B.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattention
C.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasons
D.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly
12.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen____________.
A.exemptionsareallowed
B.severalvaccinesareusedtogether
C.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedin
D.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws
13.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?
A.Theoveruseofvaccine.
B.Thelackofmedicalcare.
C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.
D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.
14.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.
B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.
C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.
D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.
D
Hollywood’stheorythatmachineswithevil(邪恶)mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence(AI)maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics(控制论),putitthisway:
“Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere(干预),wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”
Amachinewithaspecificpurposehasanotherquality,onethatweusuallyassociatewithlivingthings:
awishtopreserveitsownexistence.Forthemachine,thisqualityisnotin-born,norisitsomethingintroducedbyhumans;itisalogicalconsequenceofthesimplefactthatthemachinecannotachieveitsoriginalpurposeifitisdead.Soifwesendoutarobotwiththesingleinstructionoffetchingcoffee,itwillhaveastrongdesiretosecuresuccessbydisablingitsownoffswitchorevenkillinganyonewhomightinterferewithitstask.Ifwearenotcareful,then,wecouldfaceakindofglobalchessmatchagainstverydetermined,superintellig
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