新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册unit6A教案.docx
- 文档编号:8861643
- 上传时间:2023-02-02
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:13
- 大小:239.79KB
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册unit6A教案.docx
《新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册unit6A教案.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册unit6A教案.docx(13页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第二册unit6A教案
Unit6SectionADoorcloser,areyou?
关门者”,你是吗?
1Thenexttimeyou'redecidingbetweenrivaloptions,onewhichisprimaryandtheotherwhichissecondary,askyourselfthisquestion:
WhatwouldXiangYudo?
1下次你要在两个难于取舍的、主要的和次要的选择之间做决定时,不妨问自己这样一个
1Thenexttimeyou’redecidingbetweenrivaloptions,onewhichisprimaryandtheotherwhichissecondary,askyourselfthisquestion:
WhatwouldXiangYudo?
(Para.1)
Meaning:
Thenexttimewhenyouaretomakeachoicebetweentwocompetingoptions,youhavetodistinguishwhichistheprimaryoneandwhichistheminorone.Tobeenlightened,youcanaskyourselfwhatoptionXiangYuwouldchoose.
Meaningbeyondwords:
ItsuggeststhatXiangYuwasawonderfuldecision-maker.Note:
Thephraserivaloptionsmeansthatbothoptionsseemlikegoodchoices,butonechoiceissomewhatbetterthantheother.Inthiscase,itistheonethatXiangYuchosetoimplement.
2XiangYuwasaChineseimperialgeneralinthethirdcenturyBCwhotookhistroopsacrosstheZhangRiveronaraidintoenemyterritory.(Para.2)
Meaning:
XiangYuwasanancientChinesegeneralinthethirdcenturyBC.HeledhistroopsacrosstheZhangRivertoattacktheenemyinitsterritory.
3Tohistroops’astonishment,heorderedtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned.(Para.2)
Meaningbeyondwords:
Tomakesurehistroopswouldwinthebattlequickly,XiangYuorderedthesoldierstocrushtheircookingpotsandburntheirsailingboatsafterheledhistroopsacrosstheZhangRivertoattacktheenemy.Thisway,heclosedthedoorforretreatingfromtheenemy’sterritoryandsentoutaclearmessagetohismenthatthey
onlyhadtwochoices:
towinthebattleordieinthebattle.However,hisdecisionwasobviouslyagainstnormalpractice,whichgreatlyshockedhistroops.
3
Heexplainedthathewasimposingonthemanecessityforattainingvictoryovertheiropponents.Whathesaidwassurelymotivating,butitwasn'treallyappreciatedbymanyofhisloyalsoldiersastheywatchedtheirvesselsgoupinflames.ButthegeniusofGeneralXiangYu'sconvictionwouldbevalidatedbothonthebattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.GeneralXiang
4Heexplainedthathewasimposingonthemanecessityforattainingvictoryovertheiropponents.(Para.3)
Meaningbeyondwords:
Byhavingtheircookingpotscrushedandtheirsailingshipsburned,XiangYuputhistroopsinsuchadesperateconditionthattheywouldn’thaveanyhopetoescapebutfighttosurviveandeventuallywinthebattle.Inotherwords,XiangYugavehistroopsonlyoneoption.
Usagenote:
rival,opponent
rival和opponent都可以用作名词,都可以表示“对手”,但两者有区别。
1rival指在同一领域中为相同目标相竞争或相匹敌的对手。
例如:
TheUnitedStates’biggestrivalintechnologicaladvancementisJapan.在技术进步方面,美国最大的对手是日本。
2opponent指在某次竞赛或某个场合直接面对的对手。
例如:
He’sthebestopponentI’vecomeacrossthisseason,agreatplayer.他是我本赛季遇到的最出色的对手,一位了不起的运动员。
比较:
TheLosAngelesLakers’biggestrivalistheBostonCeltics.洛杉矶湖人队最大的对手是波士顿凯尔特人队。
(指湖人队一直与凯尔特人队在争高低,其竞争对手多年来一直是凯尔特人队。
)
TheLosAngelesLakers’opponentinthe2010NBAFinalsistheBostonCeltics.洛杉矶湖人队在2010年NBA总决赛中的对手是波士顿凯尔特人队。
(指在2010年NBA决赛中湖人队的竞争对手是凯尔特人队。
)
3opponent不能用作动词,rival可用作动词,表示“竞争;与…相匹敌”。
例如:
Shipscan’trivalaircraftforspeed.轮船在速度方面无法与飞机匹敌。
5Whathesaidwassurelymotivating,butitwasn’treallyappreciatedbymanyofhisloyalsoldiersastheywatchedtheirvesselsgoupinflames.(Para.3)
Meaning:
XiangYu’sorderofcrushingthecookingpotsandburningthesailingshipswasdefinitelyinspiringtohistroops,butitwashardlyvaluedbyhisfaithfulsoldiers,whowatchedtheirboatsburning.
goupinflames:
suddenlybeginburninginawaythatisdifficulttocontrol突然着火
Thefactorywentupinflameslastnight.昨晚工厂突然着火了。
6ButthegeniusofGeneralXiangYu’sconvictionwouldbevalidatedbothonthebattlefieldandinmodernsocialscienceresearch.(Para.3)
Meaning:
However,thehighlevelofintelligenceexpressedinhisstrongbeliefwouldprovetobecorrectonthebattlefieldaswellasinmodernsocialscienceresearch.
Note:
Thewordbattlefieldisacompoundword,whichisthecombinationoftwonouns:
battleandfield.Therearemoreexamplesofthiskindofcompoundwords:
armchair,bedtime,birdhouse,birthplace,bookstore,etc.Themeaningofmanywordsfromsuchacombinationiseasytoguess:
battlefield—aplacewhereabattleisbeingfoughtorhasbeenfought.Forexample:
Theycarriedthewoundedsoldiersfromthebattlefield.他们把伤员从战场上抬了下来。
7GeneralXiangYuwasarareexceptiontothenorm,aveteranleaderwhowashighlyrespectedforhismanyconquestsandwhoachievedthesummitofsuccess.(Para.3)
Meaning:
WhatXiangYudidwasquitedifferentfromwhatwasusuallypracticed.Asanexperiencedleader,hewasverymuchrespectedbyhissoldiersforhismanyamazingaccomplishments,andhishighestlevelofsuccess.
Note:
Thewordnormmeans“theusualornormalsituation,wayofdoingsth.,etc.”.Hereitreferstoasituationinwhichothercommanderswouldsurelydo:
Keepmoreoptions.anexceptionto:
sth.orsb.thatisnotincludedinageneralstatement,ordoesnotfollowaruleorpattern对…例外
Mostbasketballplayersareverytall,buthe’sanexceptiontothatrule;he’srelatively
short.大多数篮球运动员都非常高大,但他是一个例外,他比较矮。
4HeisfeaturedinDanAriely'senlighteningnewpublication,PredictablyIrrational,afascinatinginvestigationofseeminglyirrationalhumanbehavior,suchasthetendencyforkeepingmultipleoptionsopen.Mostpeoplecan'tmarshalthewillforpainfulchoices,notevenstudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),whereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.
Inanexperimentthatinvestigateddecision-making,hundredsofstudentscouldn'tbeartolettheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.
4丹·阿雷利极富启迪性的新书《可预见的非理性》对项羽作了专题介绍。
这本书对看似非理性的人类行为,譬如人类总想留住多项选择机会的倾向,进行了引人入胜的调查。
大多数人都不能整理自己的思路来做痛苦的选择,麻省理工学院上阿雷利博士行为经济学这门课的学生也不例外。
在调查作决策的一项实验中,几百名学生都不能忍受眼睁睁看着他们
8HeisfeaturedinDanAriely’senlighteningnewpublication,PredictablyIrrational,afascinatinginvestigationofseeminglyirrationalhumanbehavior,suchasthetendencyforkeepingmultipleoptionsopen.(Para.4)
Meaning:
GeneralXiangYu,togetherwithhisboatburningstrategy,wasintroducedinDanAriely’sinspirationalnewpublication,whichexaminesunreasonablehumanbehaviorsuchastheunintentionaldesiretokeepmanyoptionsopen.
Note:
ThetitleofthebookPredictablyIrrationaldescribesanunreasonableorillogicalbehaviorwhichispredictablebecauseofthenatureofhumanbeings.Ithastodowiththehiddenforcesthatshapepeople’sdecisions.Peoplesometimesmakedecisionsbasedonirrationalthought,andthat’swhyweseehowcertainmistakesaremadeagainandagain.
9Mostpeoplecan’tmarshalthewillforpainfulchoices,notevenstudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT),whereDr.Arielyteachesbehavioraleconomics.(Para.4)
Meaning:
Mostpeople,includingthestudentslearningbehavioraleconomicswithDr.ArielyatMIT,can’tthinklogicallyandmakerationaldecisionswhenfacingpainfulchoices.
10Inanexperimentthatinvestigateddecision-making,hundredsofstudentscouldn’tbeartolettheiroptionsvanish,eventhoughitwascleartheywouldprofitfromdoingso.(Para.4)
Meaning:
Inanexperimentaboutdecision-making,hundredsofstudentscouldn’ttoleratethepainofseeingtheiroptionsdisappear,eventhoughtheyknewthattheywouldbenefitinthelongruniftheyletthemgo.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Thisisaspecificexampleof“predictablyirrational”behaviorofhumanbeingsmentionedearlier.
5Theexperimentrevolvedaroundagamethateliminatedtheexcusesweusuallyhaveforrefusingtoletgo.Intherealworld,wecanalwayssay,"It'sgoodtopreserveouroptions."Wantagoodexample?
Ateenageris
exhaustedfromsoccer,ballet,piano,andChineselessons,butherparentswon'tstopanyoneofthembecausetheymightcomeinhandysomeday!
5实验是围绕着一个游戏展开的,这个游戏排除了我们通常不肯放手的借口。
在现实世界里,我们总会说:
“保留我们的选择机会是对的。
”想要一个好的例子吗?
一个十多岁的女孩被足球、芭蕾舞、钢琴、中文课给累得筋疲力尽,但她的父母不会让她停止任何一项活动,理由是它们有一天可能会派上用场!
11Theexperimentrevolvedaroundagamethateliminatedtheexcusesweusuallyhaveforrefusingtoletgo.(Para.5)
Meaning:
Theexperimentwasfocusedonagamethatrejectedtheexcuseswenormallyhavefornotlettingoptionsgo.
12Intherealworld,wecanalwayssay,“It’sgoodtopreserveouroptions.”(Para.5)Meaningbeyondwords:
Intherealworld,itisalwaysreasonableforpeopletokeepoptionsforthefuture,soitseemedit’snotamistaketokeepdoorsopenintheexperiment.
13Ateenagerisexhaustedfromsoccer,ballet,piano,andChineselessons,butherparentswon’tstopanyoneofthembecausetheymightcomeinhandysomeday!
(Para.5)
Meaning:
Ateenagegirliswornoutfromattendingclassesofsoccer,ballet,piano,andChinese,butherparentswon’tallowhertostopanyoneofthembecausetheymightbeusefuloneday.
Meaningbeyondwords:
Itreflectshumanbeings’nature:
Themore,thebetter,thoughit’snotnecessarilytrueinreallife.
moneythantheothers.Theimportantpartoftherulewaseachdoorswitch,thoughhavingnocashvalue,wouldalsouseuponeofthe100clicks.Therefore,thewinningstrategywastoquicklycheckallthedoorsandkeepclickingontheonewiththeseeminglyhighestrewards.
6在这个实验里,学生要玩一个电脑游戏:
在电脑屏幕上会显示三扇门,每扇门后都会提供一些现金。
该游戏的规则是每个人都只能点击100次,你点击获取的钱越多,你就玩得越好。
学生每点击一次打开一扇门,他们会用掉一个点击数,但却不会得到任何钱。
然而,
随后接着在那扇门上的每次点击都会挣得数额不等的钱,三扇门显示的钱总有一扇比另外两扇多。
这个游戏规则的重点是虽然每次换门没有金钱回报,可还是会用掉一次点击数。
所以,制胜战略是要迅速查看所有的门,然后只点击那扇似乎是钱最多的门。
14Intheexperimentsessions,students
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 新视野 大学 英语 第三 读写 教程 第二 unit6A 教案