直接引语变间接引语及其注意事项.docx
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直接引语变间接引语及其注意事项.docx
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直接引语变间接引语及其注意事项
直接引语变间接引语
(一)人称的转变
1. 直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如:
He said,“I am very sorry. ”
He said that he was very sorry.
2. 直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如:
“You should be more careful next time, ”my father told me.
My father told me that I should be more
careful the next time.
3. 直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称。
如:
She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ”
She said to her son that she would check
his homework that night.
4. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:
He asked me, “Will you go to the station
with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?
”
He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his
that afternoon.
总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。
(二)时态的转换
直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求),变化如下:
一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般将来时 过去将来时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
过去进行时 不变
如:
1.“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.
She said she was very glad to visit our
school.
2.Tom said, “We are listening to the pop
music. ”
Tom said that they were listening to the pop music.
3.Mother asked, “Have you finished your
homework before you watch TV?
”
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
4.He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get
off to change to a No. 3 bus?
”
He asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.
5.“Why did she refuse to go there?
”the teacher asked.
The teacher asked why she had refused to
go there.
6.Mother asked me, “Had you finished your
homework before you watched TV?
”
Mother asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.
7.Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday. ”
Tom said that they were having a football
match that time the day before.
8.He said,“I haven't heard from my parents these days. ”
He said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.
(三)时间状语、地点状语的变化
1.直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等,主句尽管是过去时态,变成间接引语时,时态仍然用一般现在时态。
例如:
Theytoldtheirson,“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”→Theytoldtheirsonthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
2.直接引语变间接引语时,指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、动词等要作相应的变化。
如:
直接引语
间接引语
this
that
these
those
now
then
today
thatday
yesterday
thedaybefore
lastyear
theyearbefore
last week(month)
the week(month)before
ago
before
next year
the year before
here
there
come
go
tomorrow
the next(following)day
two days ago
two days before
bring
take
thedaybeforeyesterday
two days before
等。
例如:
1.Hesaid,“Ihaven’tseenthemtoday.”
Hesaidthathehadn’tseenthemthatday.
2.She said, “I won't go there any more.”
She said she wouldn't come here any more.
3.He said, “This will be finished tomorrow.”
He said that would be finished the next day.
4.Paul said, “I visited China last year.”
Paul said he had visited China the year
before.
但是,如果转述时对话人双方就在原来的地方,或在说话的当天,就不必改变相应的时间状语、地点状语等。
总之,对这些变化不能机械理解,应根据实际情况来决定所作的变化。
3.间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序,即主、谓、宾的顺序。
例如:
1.HeaskedLucy,“Wheredidyougo?
”
HeaskedLucywhereshewent.
2.Tomsaid,"Whatdoyouwant,Ann?
"
TomaskedAnnwhatshewanted.
(四)直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变的情况
1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如:
He always says, “I am tired out. ”
He always says that he is tired out.
2. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如:
He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you. ”
He will say that he will try his best to help me.
3. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:
He said, “I went to college in 1994. ”
He told us that he went to college in 1994.
4. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:
He said,“When I was a child, I usually played
football after school. ”
He said that when he was a child, he
usually played football after school.
5. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如:
Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster
than sound. ”
Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6. 当引语是谚语、格言时,如:
He said,“Practice makes perfect. ”
He said that practice makes perfect.
7当直接引语中有情态动词
should, would, could, had better, would rather,
might, must, ought to, used to, need时,如:
1.The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty
of water. ”
The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of
water.
2.He said, “She must be a teacher.”
He said that she must be a teacher.
3.He said, “She ought to have arrived her
office by now. ”
He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.
4.The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today. ”
The teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/
didn't have to hand in our compositions.
5.She asked, “Must I take the medicine?
”
She asked if she had to take the medicine.
[注]:
此处用had to代替must更好
8. 此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。
如:
Teacher:
You may have the ball g
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