北极光的知识英文版.docx
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北极光的知识英文版.docx
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北极光的知识英文版
SectionAFinlandNorthernLights
TheNorthernLights,alsoknownas“AuroraBorealis(北极光)”orthe“DawnoftheNorth”,neverfailtotakeyourbreathaway.Theauroraborealisisoneofthemostsublime(超群的)andmagnificentnaturalphenomenaonEarth.Beforescientistscracked(侦破)themysteryoftheauroras,menweredrawn(吸引)andfascinated(强烈地吸引住)bythesedancingandmagicallightsthatwereoftenfoundinmythology(神话)andlegends.InRomanMythology,itissaidthattheAuroraisthedeity(神)ofthedawn.InNorthAmerica,theInuits(爱斯基摩人)havemanylegendsthatexplainthemasspiritsofthedead.Theybelievedthatthelightsaretheessences(精华)ofdeer,salmon(鲑鱼),sealsandotheranimalsthattheyhunted.Aristotle(亚里斯多德)thoughtitwasglowingairgushing(喷出)fromcracksinthesky.Theappearanceoftheredaurorainmedieval(中世纪的)timeswasfearedasabadomen(前兆)orasignofGod'sanger.Theybelievedthemanifestation(显现)oftheauroraindicatedfamineorwar.CharlesHall(查尔斯·霍尔),a19th-centurypolarexplorer,exclaimed:
"WhobutGodcanconceive(想出)suchinfinite(无穷的)scenesofglory?
"Oddlyenough,theMaori(毛利人)thoughtthatthedisplayswerejustreflectionsofacampfire(营火)ortorches.
Regardlesswhetheryoubelievethescientificfactsorthelegendsbehinditsexistence,you’llstillbecaptivated(吸住)bythesesupernaturaldisplayoflights,andtherearecountlessdestinationswhereyoucanseethemajesticphenomenon.Finland(芬兰),forexample,shouldbearepresentative.ManyvisitorstoFinlandcomewithhopesofseeingtheFinlandNorthernLights.ThebestplacetoseetheNorthernLightsinFinlandisinthenorthernLaplandregion(拉普兰地区),whichisalmostentirelylocatedwithintherealm(区域)oftheArcticCircle(北极圈).Duringthedarkwintermonthshere,whenthesunrarelypeaks(使达到最高峰)itsheadoverthehorizon,youcanexpecttoseetheFinlandNorthernLightswithregularity,andotherpeak(峰值)seasonsincludeFebruarythroughMarchandSeptemberthroughOctober.Thetimebetween6p.m.and1a.m.isthemostintenseperiodoftheday.Thehighestprobabilitywithinthistimespan(时间间隔)toseetheFinlandNorthernLightsisbetween9p.m.and11:
30p.m.,thoughtheyarecertainlynotrestrictedtothistimeframe.IfyouhaveneverseentheNorthernLightswherevertheycommonlyoccurintheworld,thenyouwillbeamazedthefirsttimewhenyoulayeyesonthem.
TheNorthernLightsaresimilartoasunsetintheskyatnight,butappearoccasionallyinarcs(弧光)orspirals(螺旋形物)usuallyfollowingtheearth'smagnetic(磁性的)field.Theyaremostoftenlightgreenincolorbutoftenhaveahintofpink.Swirling(涡旋形的)shadesofblue,green,andpinkaremostcommonwhenitcomestotheFinlandNorthernLights.Strongeruptionsalsohaveviolet(紫罗兰色的)andwhitecolours.Rednorthernlightsarerare,butcansometimesbeobservedonlowerlatitudes(纬度).
TheFinlandAuroraBorealis,whilebestseeninLapland,canalsobewitnessedasfarsouthasthecapitalcityofHelsinki(赫尔辛基)fromtimetotime,thoughonaverage,thereareonlysometwentydaysoutoftheyearwhenviewingthemispossibleinmostsouthernpartsofthecountry.PartofthereasonwhyitcanbedifficulttoseetheNorthernLightsofFinlandinHelsinkiisbecauseofthefactthatitishardtoescapetodimlylitareas.TherelativelackofcitylightsisjustoneofthereasonswhytheLaplandregionseessome200nightlyoccurrenceseveryyear,andonemustalsoconsidertheregion’snorthernlocation.Thelowerreaches(区域)oftheArcticCircleareidealforviewingtheNorthernLightsacrosstheplanet,whichiswhyCanadaandAlaskaaregooddestinationsintheWesternHemisphere(半球).
ForthosewhoarewonderingwhatcausestheNorthernLightsinFinland,solarflares(耀斑)arelargelyresponsible.Theseflareseffectivelycausesolarwindsandsolarstorms,whichcreatelingering(游移的)atmosphericparticlesormatter.TheAuroraBorealisisjustcausedbythesecharged(带电的)particles(粒子)ejected(喷出)fromthesun.Whentheseparticlesreachtheearth,theycollide(碰撞)withgasatomsintheearth'satmospherecausingthemtoenergise( 释放出能量)whichresultsinaspectacularmulti-colouredlightshow.Assuch(因此),scientistscanoftenaccuratelypredictwhenthebesttimesareforviewingtheNorthernLightsinFinlandbykeepinganeyeoutfor(留心)solarflares.(757words)
NewWords
aurora[ɔ:
'rɔ:
rə]n.曙光[C];极光[C];【罗神】(大写)奥罗拉(即曙光女神)
sublime[sə'blaɪm]a.雄伟的;卓越的;壮丽的;超群的
crack[kræk]v.敲破;破(案);破解
drawv.吸引(注意等)
fascinatev.强烈地吸引住
mythology[mi'θɔlədʒi]n.神话
deity['di:
iti]n.神
essence['esns]n.精髓,精华
salmon['sæmən]n.鲑,大麻哈鱼
gush[gʌʃ]v.涌出,喷出
medieval[medi'i:
vəl]a.中世纪的,中古(时代)的;原始的
omen['əumən]n.前兆,预兆,兆头
manifestation[,mænifes'teiʃən]n.显现
conceive[kən'si:
v]v.想像;想出
infinite['infinit]a.无穷的,广大无边的
campfire['kæmp,faiə]n.营火,篝火
captivate['kæptiveit]v.吸住;迷惑住
realm[relm]n.区域,范围
peakvt.使达到最高峰n.最大量;巅值,峰值
timespann.时间间隔
arc[ɑ:
k]n.弧;弧光
spiral['spairəl]n.螺旋形物
magnetic[mæg'netik]a.磁(性)的
swirling[swə:
l]v.(使)打旋;盘绕
violet['vaiəlit]a.紫罗兰色的
latitude['lætitju:
d]n.纬度
reachn.区域,领域,范围
hemisphere['hemisfiə]n.半球
flare[flɛə]n.(太阳的)耀斑,色球爆发
lingering['liŋgəriŋ]a.逗留不去的;游移的
chargev.充(电)
particle['pɑ:
tikl]n.颗粒,微粒;粒子
eject[i'dʒekt]v.喷出
collide[kə'laid]v.(车等)碰撞(with);(意志等)冲突,抵触(with)
energise['enədʒaiz]=energize(美)vt. 供给...能量,使精力充沛vi. 释放出能量
UsefulExpressions
takeone’sbreathaway屏息凝神
withregularity经常地
berestrictedto局限于
layeyeson看到,看见
ahintof一丁点儿
collidewith(车等)碰撞;(意志等)冲突,抵触
assuch这样;因此
keepaneyeoutfor留心
ProperNames
AuroraBorealis北极光
theInuit因纽特人;爱斯基摩人
Aristotle亚里斯多德
CharlesHall查尔斯霍尔
Maori毛利人;毛利语
Finland芬兰
Laplandregion拉普兰地区
ArcticCircle北极圈(北纬66度33分以北区域)
Helsinki赫尔辛基(芬兰首都)
Notes
1.AuroraBorealis:
北极光---"北端的光"
由太阳风和地球磁场及上层大气交互作用产生。
与南极光(auroraaustralis)一起,统称为极光。
auroraborealis这个词是由一个法国的科学家PierreGassendi命名的。
2.Aurora:
古希腊曙光女神
古希腊女神奥罗拉(也叫厄俄斯)是曙光女神,她在将光明带往人间的时候,爱上了忧郁的特洛伊王子梯托诺斯,并将王子带回了奥林匹斯山。
月亮女神阿尔忒弥斯帮助她将王子藏了起来,并告诉他去宙斯的神殿祈求王子得到长寿。
奥罗拉向宙斯祈求了王子的长寿,却忘记了祈求他的永葆青春。
于是王子迅速地老去,并被奥罗拉嫌弃,扔回了人间。
但是奥罗拉为他生下了孩子,想把孩子留在奥林匹斯,可是宙斯不同意。
趁奥罗拉不在,宙斯把孩子带回了人间,奥罗拉悲痛欲绝,却毫无办法。
因为女神的悲伤,世界失去了光明。
最后奥罗拉被宙斯劝说,继续为人间带来光明。
3.Borealis:
是指北部地区
Borealis与Australis相对,Australis是指南部地区。
起源:
这个词是由希腊语Boreas而来,就是北风的意思。
在希腊语中,各个方向的的风都有属于自己的名字:
Notus南风;Zephyrus西风;Euro东风。
4.Finland:
芬兰
芬兰位于欧洲北部,与瑞典、挪威、俄罗斯接壤,有“千湖之国”之称。
芬兰最早的居民为拉普人,故芬兰又称拉普兰。
5.Laplandregion:
拉普兰
拉普兰是芬兰最大、同时也是最北端的省份。
拉普兰的旅游景点非常有特色,且野生动物资源丰富,因此吸引了全球各地的人们前来观光。
拉普兰有着芬兰最富有盛名的国家公园,如圣诞村。
此外,它还是观测北极光的最佳地点之一。
到此一游堪称是旅游的最高境界,终极追求。
6.Helsinki:
(芬兰首都)赫尔辛基赫尔辛基不仅是芬兰首都,同时也是这个国家的最大城市。
SectionBAuroraBorealis
Theauroraisawidespreadcurtain-likecolouredglowintheupperatmosphere.IntheArcticcircle,theauroraappearsasaring-shapedglow,likeahalo(晕圈),overthenorthernpointofScandinavia,theSiberiancoast,Alaska,northernCanada,andthesoutherntipofGreenland.
Thisglowiscausedbyhigh-energyelectronscollidingwithoxygenatomsandnitrogen(氮)molecules.Thebasicprocessisthesameasthatofaneonsign(广告霓虹灯),whichinvolvesavacuum(真空)andahighvoltage(电压)electricaldischarge(放电).
Theelectricpowerisgeneratedbyacombinationofthesolarwind,ahotionized(电离)gasblowingoutfromthesun,andtheEarth'smagneticfield.Scientifically,theAuroraoccurswhentheEarth’smagneticfieldcollideswiththesolarwindcomingfromtheSun,causingatransferofenergythatcreatesthenorthernhemispheretoglow,specificallyaroundthePoles.Thisproducesmorethan1,000timestheelectricalpoweroftheworld'slargestpowerplant.
Theeruptionsarelooselytiedtothesolaractivitycycle,whichlastsabout11years.Thelargestterrestrial(地球上的)effectstendtohappenwhenactivityisatitsmaximumandintheyearsfollowingmaximums.However,largedisturbancescanhappenatanypartofthecycle.
Inaddition,theoccurrenceofaurorasstilldependsonthelatitudeoftheobserver.TheAuroraLightsformanovalbandaroundthemagneticpolesoftheearth.Atadistanceabout2500kmfromthesepoles,theprobabilityforseeingaurorasisalmost100%.
TheNorthernLightshaveseveralcolourfulvariations(变差).Thecombinationofyellows,pinksandgreensarecreatedbyoxygenmoleculesthatarefound60milesabovetheearth’satmosphere,whilsttheblueandthecombinationofblueandpurpleisproducedbynitrogen,andtherarestofallauroras,thered,isaproductofhigh-altitudeoxygenfound200milesaboveEarth’satmosphere.
Oneofthemostwondrous(奇妙的)featuresoftheauroraisitsspectacularmovement,asitswirls(弯曲盘旋)rapidlyoverthewholesky.Thisphenomenoniscalledtheauroralsubstorm(磁层亚暴).Themovementiscausedbychangesinboththeelectricandmagneticfieldsinthespacearoundtheearth.Changesinthefieldsarecausedbysolareruptionscalledsolarflares.Wearestillfarfromunderstandingthechainofprocessesthatleadtotheauroralsubstorm.
Thepredictionoftheoccurrenceofaurorasisdifficultbutwedohavesomesuccess.TherearetwokindsofNorthernLightsprediction:
statisticalandreal-timeones.TheformerisbasedonalargeamountofobservationsofNorthernLightsatdifferentlatitudesduringseveralyears.FromthesestatisticswecansaywhatistheprobabilityoftheoccurrenceofNorthernLightsduringthecourseofyear.
Accordingtothestatisticscompiled(搜集)bytheFinnishMeteorological(气象的)Institute,fournightsoutoffiveareilluminated(照亮)byNorthernLightsinNorthernLapland,providingthattheskyisfreeenoughfromclouds.OnthecoastoftheArcticOceaninNorthNorwayonecanseeNorthernLightsalmosteverynight.EveninSouthFinland,sayHelsinki,onecanseethem
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