美国大学英语写作课后习题答案.docx
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美国大学英语写作课后习题答案.docx
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美国大学英语写作课后习题答案
SuggestedAnswersfor“TheYellowRibbon”—byPeteHamill(P.210)
1.Vingoreturnedfromprisontofindthathiswifestilllovedhimandwantedhimback.
2.b
3.a
4.B
5.Twoexamples:
Vingotellshisstoryslowlyandpainfullyandwithgreathesitation.
Vingotellshisstory“slowlyandpainfullyandwithgreathesitation.”
6.ExamplesofVingo’sbeinghonorable:
Hedoesn’texpressanyself-pityaboutbeinginjail.
Heownsuptohiscrime.Heoffershiswifeherfreedom.
7.Placenames:
FortLauderdale,NewJersey,Washington,Jacksonville,the34thStreet
Othertransition:
TerminalinNewYork,Philadelphia,Brunswick
8.Butifshedidn’t...
9.MaybetheauthorHamillaskedoneoftheyoungpeopleinthestoryabouthertravelingexperience.
10.TheauthorendsthisessaybydescribinghowtheyoungpeopleshoutedexcitedlywhentheysawtheyellowribbonsontheoaktreeandhowVingorosefromhisseatandmadehiswaytothefrontofthebustogohomenervously.
WemayexpectthatVingowouldreceiveanamazingandwarmwelcomewhenhewalksintohishome.
Theauthorjustwantstoleavessomespaceforthereaderstothinkandimaginefreely.
theAngerMonster:
byAnneDavidson
1.d
2.Angerhasbecomeanincreasinglycommonprobleminoursociety.
3.“AccordingtoCarolTavris,authorofAnger:
TheMisunderstoodEmotion,thekeystodealingwithangerarecommonsenseandpatience.”
4.Effect:
AnepidemicofangerThreecauses:
Lackoftime,technology,tension
6.B
7.
8.TobeginwithTechnologyisalsoTension,thethirdmajorculprit
9.D
10.Thefirstparagraphpresentsastoryaboutapersonwithangerproblems.Thelastparagraphshowshowthatstorywassuccessfullyresolved.
toBeDifferent?
:
byCamilleLewis
c2.a3.D
4.Shelistsaseriesofexampleswherethe“empathizing”mindsetisevident:
female-dominatedcareers,femalereadingmatter,andfemalerelationships
5.Brainanatomy
Waysofinteractingwiththeworld
Waysofproblemsolving
6.Lewispresentsheressaypointbypoint.Thefirstpointisaboutbrainanatomy,the
secondisaboutinteractingwiththeworld,andthethirdisaboutproblemsolving.
Foreachpoint,shediscusseswomenandthenmen.
7.
8.Ontheotherhand(7)
Incontrast(9)
But(11)
9.d10a
Answersfor“Shame”—DickGregory
Note:
Thenumbersinparenthesesrefertorelevantparagraphsintheselection.
ReadingComprehensionQuestions,584-585
1.A2.D3.bAnswersa,c,anddaretoonarrow.
4.aAnswersb,c,anddaretoonarrow.5.cSeeParagraph6
6.TrueSeeParagraph237.aSeeParagraph5
8.B.TheentireincidentwiththeCommunityChestFundshowsRichard’spride
9.bRichard’steacherignoreshisproblemsandhumiliateshiminfrontoftheentireclass;seeparagraphs5through26.
10.bHelenecriesoverRichard’shumiliation;seeparagraph23.
StructureandTechnique,585
1.Inparagraphs1and2,GregorymentionsseveralstepshetooktoimpressHeleneTucker.Whatwerethey?
Whydoesheincludetheminhisessay?
Answer:
InordertoimpressHelene,Gregorybrushedhishair,gotahandkerchief,washedhissocksandshirteverynight,shoveledthesnowoffherwalk,triedtomakefriendswithhermotherandaunts,andleftmoneyonherstoop.Hedescribesthosestepsindetailbecause,besidesdemonstratinghisdevotiontoHelene,theygiveaclearpictureofGregory’spoverty.
2.Ametaphorisasuggestedcomparison.WhatmetaphordoesGregoryuseinparagraph5,andwhatisitspurpose?
Whatmetaphordoesheuseinthesecondsentenceofparagraph7,andwhatdoesitmean?
Answer:
Inparagraph5,Gregoryusesthemetaphorthathewaspregnanttosuggesttheeffectsofpovertyonhim—itgavehimstrangetastes,whichpregnantpeopleget.Italsofilledhim(aspregnancyfillssomeone),butwithnegativethings:
poverty,dirt,“smellsthatmadepeopleturnaway,”andsoon.
Inthesecondsentenceofparagraph7,Gregoryusesthemetaphorofaflyingeagletorepresentthemovementofmoney.(Apictureofaneagleisengravedononesideofaquarter).
3.Innarratingtheincidentsintheclassroomandintherestaurant,Gregorychoosestoprovideactualdialogueratherthanmerelytotellwhathappened.Why?
Answer:
ByusingtheexactwordsspokenbyHelene,theteacher,andhimself,Gregorygivesaveryclearpictureofwhathappenedbyallowingthereaderto“experience”it,ratherthansimplyhearageneralsummary.ThedialoguebetweenHeleneandtheteachershowsHeleneasanideallittlestudentwhoreceivedapprovalfromtheteacher.ThedialoguebetweenGregoryandtheteacher,however,clearlydemonstratesGregory’seagernesstoimpressHeleneandhisunsuccessful,embarrassingattempttogaintheteacher’sapproval.IfGregoryhadmerelydescribedwhathadhappened,wewouldhaveamuchlessvividimpressionofthecharactersinvolved.
4.Attheendoftheessay,Gregoryshiftshisfocusfromtheclassroomtothesceneinvolvingthewinoattherestaurant.Whatistheconnectionbetweenthisclosingsceneandtherestoftheessay?
Answer:
Inthebodyoftheessay,Gregoryisnarratingatimethathewasshamedpubliclyandnoonecametohisdefense.Intheclosingscene,Gregoryrealizesthathehasdonethesamething—thathe,too,haswitnessedapersonbeingshamedwithoutassistinghim.Hefeelsanewkindof“shame,”thatofhavingfailedtohelpanothermaninneed.
CriticalReadingandDiscussion,586
1.WhenGregorywrites,“Ineverlearnedhateathome,orshame.Ihadtogotoschoolforthat”(paragraph1),heisusingirony—aninconsistencybetweenwhatisexpectedandwhatactuallyoccurs.Whatdoeshemeanbythesetwostatements?
Whatistheeffectofhisirony?
Answer:
Gregorymeansthatalthoughhishomelifewasoneofpovertyandwant,hishomewasnotaplaceofinhumanevalues,suchashatredandshame.Butatschool,whichonitssurfacewasamorepositiveplace,hewasmadetofeelhatredandshame.TheironicstatementintriguesthereaderandmakeshimorherwanttoknowmoreaboutwhatGregorymeans.
2.WhatareGregory’sfeelingsabouthisteacher?
Whatwereyourfeelingsaboutherasyoureadthisessay?
WhatcouldtheteacherhavedoneorsaidthatwouldnothavemadeGregoryfeelashamed?
Answer:
Gregoryseemssadandresentfulthattheteacherdidnotunderstandwhyhemisbehavedinclassandthatsheassumedhewasstupidandatroublemaker.Buthealsowantedherapprovalbadly,asseenbytheCommunityChestincidentandthefactthathegota“bigthrill”outofbeingchosentocleantheblackboard.Students’suggestionsabouttheteacherwillvary.Onepossibility:
ShecouldhavemerelythankedGregoryinclassandthenspokentohimprivatelylaterifshedoubtedthathecouldcontributetoCommunityChest.
3.Gregoryshowshowachildhoodincidenttaughthimshame.WhatotherimportantlessonsdoesGregorylearninthisessay?
Explain.
Answer:
Fromparagraph3,inwhichGregorytalksabouthisaccomplishmentslaterinlife,wecanconcludethathelearnedhecouldboosthisself-esteemthroughhisownefforts.Paragraph5showsthatfromhisownexperiences,helearnedthatchildrenwhoarehungryandpoormayfeelinvisibleandsobehaveinwaysthatattractattention.Fromhisexperiencewiththewino,helearnedthatinordertofeelgoodabouthimself,hewouldhavetostartstandingupforotherpeoplewhowereshamed.
4.Attheendofhisessay,Gregorysays,“Iwaitedtoolongtohelpanotherman.”Whydoyouthinkhewaitedsolongtoassistthewino?
Whataresomereasonspeopledonotalwayshelpotherswhoareinneed(forexample,ignoringahomelesspersonseatedonthesidewalk)?
Answer:
Gregoryprobablyhadmanyreasonsfornothelpingthewinosooner:
embarrassmentatdrawingattentiontohimself,reluctancetopartwithhishard-earnedmoney,notwantingtogetintroublewithMr.Williams,notknowingthewinoandthusfeelingtheaffairwasn’thisbusiness,etc.Peoplehavesimilarreasonsfornothelpingothersinneed.Inaddition,peoplewhoignoreahomelessmanmayfeelthattheman’sproblems—maybeincludingsubstanceabuseormentalillness—aresobiganddeep-rootedthattheyarenotqualifiedtohelphiminanyeffectiveway.
Thesis-and-SupportOutline
Thesis:
Livingpoorwas,fortheauthor,ahumiliatingexperience.
1.Hewasembarrassedinfrontofhisclassmatesand,worse,infrontofHeleneTucker(7-23).
2.Everybodyknewhewasa“worthyboy”whohadnoDadandnomoney(28).
3.Hisself-pitypreventedhimfromhelpinganotherpoorman,thewino(29-37).
SuggestedAnswersfor“PropagandaTechniquesinToday’sAdvertising”byAnnMcClintock
Note:
Thenumbersinparenthesesrefertorelevantparagraphsintheselection.
ReadingComprehensionQuestions,648-649
1.b
2.d
3.bAnsweraistoobroad;answerscanddaretoonarrow.
4.cAnswersaandbaretoonarrow;answerdistoobroad.
5.bParagraph9
6.dParagraphs18-19
7.cParagraph16
8.cParagraph23
9.b
10.a
StructureandTechnique,649-650
1.Inparagraph1,McClintock’schoiceofwordsrevealsherattitudestowardbothpropagandistsandthepublic.Whatspecificwordsrevealherattitudes,andwhatattitudesdotheyrepresent?
Answer:
McClintockdescribespropagandistsas“seducers”and“brainwashers.”Shereferstotheir“alluringimages,”their“tricks,”andtheir“charm.”Shedescribesthepublicas“content”and“eager...victims.”Herchoiceofwordsmakesitclearthatshethinkspropagandistsareuntrustworthyandinterestedintakingunfairadvantageofatoo-trustingpublic.
2.WhatkeytermdoesMcClintockdefineinparagraph2?
Whydoesshedefineithere?
Whereelseintheessaydoessheusethetechniqueofdefinition?
Answer:
Shedef
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