人教版高一英语必修一课本基础知识整理.docx
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人教版高一英语必修一课本基础知识整理.docx
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人教版高一英语必修一课本基础知识整理
人教版高一英语必修一课本基础知识整理
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▲calmadj.平静的,镇静的,沉着的
eg.Keepcalm.Afterthestorm,itbecamecalmagain.
▲adj.calm,quiet,still,silent辨析:
calm平静的,沉着的(指无风浪或者人的心情不激动)
quiet安静的,宁静的(指没有声音,不吵闹或者心里没有烦恼,忧虑)
still静止的,不动的(指没有运动或者动作的状态)
silent沉默的,不出声的(指没有声音或者不讲话)
【一言辨异】Whenfacingdanger,youshouldkeepcalm;whentakenphotosof,youshouldkeepstill;whensomeoneelseisasleep,youshouldkeepquiet;inclass,youshouldn’tkeepsilentabouttheteacher’squestions.
1.havegotto不得不,必须=haveto
eg.Ihavegottogotoameeting.
Haveyougottogonow?
Hehasn’tgottocometomorrow.
【说明】:
havegotto很少用于过去时态。
haveto可用于各种时态,而且可与情态动词,助动词连用。
haveto强调客观需要“不得不”;must强调主观愿望“必须”
5.concern
(1)vt.(使)担忧,涉及,关系到
eg.Sheconcernsherselfaboutherson’sfuture.
Thenewsconcernsyourbrother.
▲concern做动词时,更多情况下用过去分词做表语。
搭配:
1beconcernedabout/forsth.为…担心,关心,关注,挂念
②beconcernedwithsth.与…有关,涉及
③as/sofarassb.beconcerned就某人而言
Eg.Thefamilyareallconcernedabouthersafety.
Hewasconcernedwiththematter.
AsfarasIamconcerned,Idon’tagreewithyou.
(2)n.[u]/[c]担心,挂念,关注,利害关系;关心的事
Eg.show/express/feel/haveconcernabout/for…关心…
withconcern关心地
Atthattime,oneofhisconcernswastogotocollege.
6.getloose变松(“get+adj.”构成系表结构,意为“变得…”)
Eg.Itisgettingdarkeranddarkeroutside.
▲“get+过去分词”构成系表结构:
①表示被动。
Eg.getburnt被烫伤gethurt受伤getkilled被杀getcaught被抓
②表示自身发出的动作。
Eg.getchanged换衣服getdressed穿衣服getmarried结婚
getwashed洗脸
▲“get+v-ing”构成系表结构:
(意为“某人/某物开始做…”,表示主动)
Eg.getmoving/working
③getsth.done使某事被做(get做使役动词,“使、叫、让”后接复合宾语)
eg.Whenareyougoingtogetyourhaircut?
Imustgetmyhomeworkfinishedfirstbeforegoingouttoplay.
Hegothisfoothurtwhileplayingfootball.
▲getsb.todosth.让某人做某事eg.Iwillgethimtodothework.
▲getsb./sth.doing…使某人或者某物开始…起来eg.Letmetrynow.Iwillgetthecargoing.
▲get+n.+adj.使…成为某种状态eg.Geteverythingready.
★联想:
havesth.done使某事被做havesb.dosth.让某人做某事
“让某人做某事”的表达方法let/make/havesb.dosth.getsb.todosth.
7.getthrough和gothrough区别
getthrough
1.(工作)完成
Whenyougetthroughwithyourwork,let'sgoout.
你完成工作后,我们出去吧。
2.(测验)合格
Tomgotthrough.
汤姆考试及格了。
3.接通电话
Irangyouseveraltimesbutcouldn'tgetthrough.
我给你打了几次电话,可是没打通。
gothrough
1.经历
Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.
这个国家经历了太多的战争。
2.被通过
Thenewlawdidnotgothrough.
新法案未能通过。
3.讨论
Let'sgothroughtheargumentagain.
让我们再来讨论一下这一论点。
4.举行
Theywentthroughthemarriageservice.
他们举行了婚礼。
8.setdownvt.记下,写下,登记;放下;让某人下车
eg.Youdon’thavetosetdownallthatyourteachersaid.
Pleasesetyourselfdown.请登记。
Setdowntheheavybagsandtakearest.
Pleasesetmedownatthenextcorner.
9.aseriesof(+复数名词)一连串,一系列,一套
eg.aseriesofquestions/books/pictures
▲seriesn.单复数相同,作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于series的单复数。
Eg.Therehasbeenaseriesofcaraccidentsatthecrossing.
Threeseriesofpapersarehandedouttothestudents.
10.onpurpose故意地(反义词组为bychance/byaccident偶然地)
Eg.Everybodycanseethatshediditonpurpose.
▲with/forthepurposeof为了…的目的eg.Hedoesitwiththepurposeofmakingmoney.
11.inordertodosth.(做目的状语,可放在句首或者句中)=soastodosth.(只能放在句中)
Eg.Hestartedearlyinordernottobelate.
Inordertogetupearly,hehadtosethisclockatsix.
12.atdusk在黄昏时刻atdawn在黎明atnight在夜里atmidnight在午夜atnoon在中午
13.inone’spower在某人控制下eg.Hiswifehashiminherpoewr.她妻子控制着他。
14.facetoface面对面地(在句中做状语)eg.Thetwomenstoodfacetoface.
▲face-to-faceadj.面对面的(做定语)eg.aface-to-faceinterview一次面对面的采访
▲联想:
arminarm臂挽臂handinhand手拉手
sidebyside肩并肩shouldertoshoulder肩并肩
hearttoheart心贴心backtoback背靠背
15.nolonger=not…anylonger不再
Eg.Theynolongerlivehere.
Heisnolongerateacher.
Ican’twaitanylonger.
16.settle
(1).vi.安家,定居,停留
eg.ThefamilyhassettledinCanada.
Thebutterflysettledontheflower.
(2).vt.使定居,安排,解决
Eg.Theoldcouplesettledthemselvesinthecountryside.
Theproblemhasbeensettled.
▲settledownvi.定居下来;vt./vi.(使)平静下来
eg.Whenareyougoingtogetmarriedandsettledown?
Theteachertriedtosettlethestudentsdown.
Imustsettledownthismorningandfinishthetermpaper(论文)
17.suffervt./vi.遭受,忍受,经历
(1).vt.遭受(令人不愉快的事情)(其宾语常是:
pain,loss,defeat,punishment,disappointment,hardship,damage等)
Eg.Duringthewar,hesufferedmuchpain.
Thecountrysufferedaheavylossintheflood.
SichuanProvincesufferedseriousdamagecausedbytheearthquake.
(2).vi.常用sufferfrom结构,意为“遭受…之苦,患某种疾病”
Eg.Theoldmansuffersfromlossofmemory.
Heissufferingfromabadcold.
18.lonelyadj.(定语或者表语)孤独的,寂寞的(指感情上);荒凉的(指地方)
aloneadj./adv.单独的(地),独自的(地)
19.recovervt/vi.痊愈,恢复,重新获得
eg.Heisseriouslyillandunlikelytorecover.
Thepatientrecoveredhishealthquicklyaftertheoperation.(recoverone’shealth恢复健康)Heisstillrecoveringfromhisoperation.(recoverfrom从…中恢复)
Sheseemedupsetbutquicklyrecoveredherself.(recoveroneself恢复过来,清醒过来)Irecoveredmylostbike.
20.get/betiredof对…厌烦
betiredwith/from因…而疲倦
betiredout疲惫不堪
eg.ThoughIamoftentiredfrommyjob,Iamnevertiredofit.Infact,Ilikeit.
Weweretiredoutafteralongwalk.
21.packvt./vi.困扎,包装,打行李
eg.Hepackedhisclothesintoasuitcase.=Hepackedasuitcasewithhisclothes.(packAintoB=packBwithA把…装入)
▲pack(sth.)up将(东西)装箱打包
eg.Doyouneedmetohelpyoupackup?
Hepackedhisthingsupandleft.
22.getalong/onwithsb./sth.与某人相处;进展
eg.-----HowareyougettingalongwithyourEnglishstudy?
------Verywell/nicely/badly.
Doyougetalongwellwithyouraunt?
23.fallinlovewith相爱,爱上(表示动作,不延续,不能与时间段状语连用)
beinlovewith与…相爱(表示状态)
eg.Theyfellinlovewitheachotheratfirstsight.
Shefellinlovewithmusicwhenshewasachild.
Theyhavebeeninlovewitheachotherfortenyears.
24.disagreevi.不同意
(1).disagreewithsb.about/on/oversth.在某方面与某人意见不同
Eg.Idisagreewithyouaboutthismatter.
(2).disagreewith(指事物)与…不一致,不符合
Eg.Hisstorydisagreeswiththefacts.
(3).disagreewith(食物,气候)不适合某人
Eg.Theclimateheredisagreeswithme.
25.复习agree一词的用法:
agreevt./vi.同意,赞同
(1).agreetodosth.
Eg.Weallagreedtostartatonce.
(2).agree+that从句
Eg.Weagreedthattheplanwasagoodone.
(3).agreetosth.同意某事
Eg.Heagreedtoourplan.
(4).agreeonsth.指双方就某事取得一致意见或者达成协议
Eg.Thetwosideshaveagreedonthedateforthenextmeeting.
(5).agreewith
①赞同(后接sb.或者what从句或者表示“意见,看法,观点”的词,eg.opinion,view,idea)
Eg.Iagreewithyou.
Iagreewithwhatyousay.
Iagreewithyouridea.
②(事物)与…一致eg.Hisstoryagreeswiththefacts.
③(食物、气候)适合某人Eg.Ilovestrawberries,buttheydon’tagreewithme.
26.begrateful/thankfultosb.forsth.eg.I’mgratefultoalltheteachersfortheirhelp.
27.辨析:
join,joinin,joinsb.in(doing)sth.,takepartin,attend
①joinsth.指参加某个组织或团体,并成为其中一员。
Eg.jointheparty/army
2joininsth.指参加某项活动。
(也可不带宾语)Eg.MayIjoininyourconversation?
3joinsb.in(doing)sth.加入某人一起做某事Eg.MayIjoinyouin(playing)thegame?
4takepartin指参加群体性活动,并在其中发挥一定作用。
Eg.Doyoualwaystakeanactivepartinschoolactivities?
5⑤attendvt.出席,参加(正式用语,指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、典礼、葬礼以及上课、上学、听报告等)
Eg.Hewillattendanimportantmeetingtomorrow.
attendclasses上课attendschool上学attendalecture听报告
课堂练习:
一.单项选择:
1.Peasantsarelivingacomfortablelifebecauseof________goodharvests
A.aseriesofB.apairofC.asetofD.apieceof
2.Wearelivinga_____lifeinthecountry.
A.stillB.quietC.calmD.silent
3.Thevillageis______whatitlookedlikewhentheysettledtheirhomesthere20yearsago.
A.notanylongerB.nolongerC.nomoreD.notanymore
4.Iraqhas__________toomanywarssince1990,makinghispeople__________alot.
A.gotthrough;payB.lookedthrough;face
C.gonethrough;sufferD.passedthrough;destroy
5.Itisnotaseriousillness.Iguessshewill______soon.
A.removeB.recoverC.replaceD.reduce
6.-Haveyoufinishedyourexperimentreport,Jane?
-Oh,myGod.I’ve_______forgottenallaboutthat.
A.stronglyB.extremelyC.entirelyD.freely
7.-Father,youpromised!
-Well,_______.Butitwasyouwhodidn’tkeepyourwordsfirst.(2005年,湖北)
A.sowasIB.sodidIC.soIwasD.soIdid
8.Thereisno______swimming-poolinthisschoolandthestudentsoftengotoswim______.
A.indoors;outdoorsB.indoor;outdoorC.indoor;outdoorsD.indoor;indoors
9.While____thedog,youshouldtakecarenotto____.Otherwise,itmaybedangeroustostrangers.
A.walking;getlooseB.walk;beloose
C.walkingfor;getitlooseD.training;getitrun
10.She___________thevaseonthetableandwentout.
A.setoutB.setupC.setdownD.seton
二.根据所给单词的首字母,完成下列句子5分
11.Theboyfeltu________becausehedidn’tdowellintheexam.
12.It’s________(正好,确切)twelveo’clock.
13.Herhusbandhasgoneabroadonbusiness.Sheisquite______(牵挂)abouthim.
14.Thehotlinehelpsmanyt________whoaregrowingup.
15.Partsofthecityhadp________cutsyesterdaybecauseofthebigfirefromtherestaurant.
三.选用列词组的正确形式填空。
onpurpose;nolonger;hideaway;setdown;inorderto;facetoface
1.Idon'tknowwhytheyhadto___________forsuchalongtime.
2.YoumakeitsoundasifIdidit___________!
3.Ithinkitis___________asecret.Itisbeingtalkedeverywhereinthetown.
4.WhydareyounotspeaktoHarry______________?
5.Youneedn't__________everythingthattheteachersaysinclass.
6.____
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