英语高中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧及练习题含答案及解析.docx
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英语高中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧及练习题含答案及解析.docx
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英语高中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧及练习题含答案及解析
(英语)高中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattacksotherplants.Exceptforitsflowers,theplantlookslikespaghetti,akindofnoodlesintheshapeoflongthinpiecesthatlooklikestringwhentheyarecooked.It'salmostleafless,thread-likestemshangdownontopofotherplantsthatdodderneedstostayalive.Dodderdoesnotproduceitsownfood.Instead,itstealsfoodfromotherplants.Itfeedsbysuckingjuicesfromtheplantwhichiswrappedaround,oftenmakingitshostveryweakorevenkillingit.
Doddercanfindotherplantsbytheirsmell.Whenayoungdodderplantstartsgrowing,itfollowsthesmellofplantsitprefers,liketomatoplants,potatoplants,orotherfarmcrops.Unlikemostplantsthatusuallygrowinthedirectionoflightorwarmth,adodderplantwillgrowinthedirectionof,forexample,tomatosmell—ifatomatohappenstobegrowingnearby.
However,ayoungdodderplantmustfindahostplantquickly.Itnolongerneedsitsrootonceitisattachedtothehostandwrappedaroundit.Ifitcannotcatchasmellofapotentialhostwithinafewdays,itwilldryupandvanishevenifthereisplentyofwateraround.Onceitfindsahost,theyoungdodderplantwillattachitselftoitandstartgrowingfaster.Atthatpointthedodderplantwilldropitsroot.
Dodderisthusadifficultweedtomanageandarealheadacheforfarmers.Whenitdoesgetoutofhand,doddercangreatlyreduceafarmer'sharvestorevendestroycropscompletely.Beforesowingtheirproduce,especiallyfarmersinwarmpartsoftheworldoftenchecktomakesurenounwanteddodderseedshavemixedwiththeircropseeds.Thisisagoodwaytostopdodderplantsfrommakingtheirwaytoacropfieldsecretly.
(1)Whydoestheauthormentionspaghettiinthefirstparagraph?
A. Toanalyzethecontentofsomefood.
B. Tointroducethetopicofthispassage.
C. Totelltheusageofthedodderplants.
D. Todescribetheshapeofdodderplants.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vanish”inthethirdparagraphmean?
A. invade.
B. grow.
C. escape.
D. disappear.
(3)Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A. Dodderdoesn'tproduceitsownfood.
B. Doddergivesoffsmelltoattractplants.
C. Doddercanaffectfarmers'income.
D. Doddercanonlysurviveintheshade.
(4)Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?
A. Tointroduceanewvarietyoffarmcrops.
B. Tointroduceplantsthatareharmfultohumans.
C. Tointroducethespecialabilitiesofadangerousplant.
D. Tointroducerecentimprovementsinfarmingmethods.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)D
(3)C
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一种有特殊生长习性,危害农作物生长的攀附植物——菟丝子。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Exceptforitsflowers,theplantlookslikespaghetti,akindofnoodlesintheshapeoflongthinpiecesthatlooklikestringwhentheyarecooked.”可推断,作者把菟丝子和意大利面条相比是用人们熟悉的东西来说明它的形状,故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第三段中的“Ifitcannotcatchasmellofapotentialhostwithinafewdays,itwilldryup”可知,菟丝子如果不能很快找到可以寄生的植物,它就会变干,因此推断即使周围有许多水它也会消失死亡。
故画线词“vanish”与D项disappear“消失”意义相近。
故选D。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“Whenitdoesgetoutofhand,doddercangreatlyreduceafarmer'sharvestorevendestroycropscompletely.”可知,当菟丝子失去控制,也就是疯狂的生长,菟丝子可以极大减少农民的收成,甚至完全摧毁庄稼。
因此推断菟丝子会影响农民们的收入。
故选C。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“Dodderisanunusualandunwantedplantthatattacksotherplants.”和下文对菟丝子特殊的生长习性和危害的叙述可知,文章的写作目的是主要介绍这种特殊又有危害的植物——菟丝子。
故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital(婚姻的)status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu(印度教的)religion.ThedotgoesbydifferentnamesindifferentHindidialects,and“bindi"istheonethatismostcommonlyknown.Traditionally,thedotcarriesnogenderrestrictionMenaswellaswomenwearit.However,thetraditionofmenwearingithasfadedinrecenttimes,sonowadaysweseealotmorewomenthanmenwearingone.
Thepositionofthebindiisstandardcenteroftheforehead,closetotheeyebrows.Itrepresentsathird,orinnereye.HindutraditionholdsthatallpeoplehavethreeeyesThetwoouteronesareusedforseeingtheoutsideworld,andthethirdoneistheretofocusinwardtowardGod.Assuch,thedotmeanspiety(虔诚)andservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts.
Redisthetraditionalcolorofthedot.Itissaidthatinancienttimesamanwouldplaceadropofbloodbetweenhiswife'seyestosealtheirmarriage.AccordingtoHindubeliefs,thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple.Today,peoplegowithdifferentcolorsdependingupontheirpreferences.Womenoftenweardotsthatmatchthecoloroftheirclothes.Decorativeofstickerbindiscomeinallsizes,colorsandvariations,andcanbewornbyyoungandold,marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike.Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.
(1)WhydidpeopleinIndiastartwearingareddotontheirforehead?
A.Tostresstheirfamilybackground.
B.Toindicatetheirsocialrank.
C.Toshowtheirreligiousbelief.
D.Todisplaytheirfinancialstatus.
(2)WhatisthefunctionofthethirdeyeinHindutradition?
A.Tohelptheothereyesseebetter.
B.Tolooktothedistance.
C.Toseetheoutsideworld.
D.TopayrespecttoGod.
(3)Whywasredchosenastheoriginalcolorofthebindi?
A.Theword"bindi"means"red"insomeHindidialects.
B.Redwasbelievedtobealuckycolorforhusbandandwife.
C.ThereddotrepresentedthebloodofGod.
D.Redstoodforawife'sloveforherhusband.
(4)Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutbindistoday?
A.Bindisarenowusedtomakepeoplelookbetter.
B.Bindisarewornanywhereonthefacenow.
C.MostIndianwomendonotwearbindisanymore.
D.MorementhanwomenwearbindisinIndia.
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点,这种做法主要与印度教有关,它代表的是第三只眼,可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。
现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital(婚姻的)status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu(印度教的)religion.”在印度,大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红点。
虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标,但这种做法主要与印度教有关。
可知这种做法主要与印度教有关,所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段可知,印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。
以及“Assuch,thedotservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts.”因此,点作为一个持续的提醒,以保持神在信徒的思想面前。
所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性是要尊重上帝。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“AccordingtoHindubeliefs,thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple.”可知,根据印度教的信仰,红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。
故选B。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Decorativeorstickerbindiscomeinallsizes,colorsandvariations,andcanbewornbyyoungandold,marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike.Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.”装饰物或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化,年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。
佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗,不如说是一种时尚宣言。
可知,眉心红点现在更多的被用作装饰品。
故选A.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
VisitorstothegroundsofNewCollegeatEngland'sOxfordUniversitypassunderanirongatewiththeadvice:
Mannersmaketheman.Evenafteranappropriateupdateto:
Mannersmaketheperson,it'sthought-provoking(引人深思的)—especiallytotoday'sAmericans.
Whenwethinkaboutwhatmakestheperson—it'smorelikelythedegree,thejob,thesalary.Sincewhendowecountmannersasameasureofsuccess?
Wedoknowthatthesewouldmakelifenicer,ifmoretolerable.However,weforgetoroverlookourmanners.So,itseems,doeseveryoneelse—including,unluckily,ourchildren.
Asauniversitypresident,oneofmygreatjoysistovisitourcampusesandseeourstudents,thoughwe'reseparatedbydifferentgenerations,interests,and,ofcoursedressing,eachstudenttellsmesomethingwithinthefirstfewminutesthatwemeet:
whetherheorshehasbeentaughtmanners.Isensethisindifferentways:
throughherwordsorhergestures,inthewayshelistensorhowhereferstofriendsandfaculty,howshegreetsandsaysgoodbye,howherespondswhenanelderlypersonenterstheroom.
Intheabsenceofmanners,however,Imakesomeallowances.Forinstance,themanyethnic(种族的)groupsthatstudentsrepresentoftenhavedifferentexplanationsofwhatmakesupgoodmanners.Inothercases,somestudentsmayrejectwhatthey'velearnedtobreakfromtheirparentsandbeacceptedbyotherstudents.Whetherstudentsarebeingdifferentoropenlyopposing,arecentexperienceIhadwiththemtellsmethatthere'ssomehopeforrevivingandgoodmanners.
Goodmannersdon'tjustguaranteeacceptance.Goodmannersopendoorstodeeperconnectionsandmoremeaningfulrolesinoursociety.Goodmannersaregentlesignalsthatshowwecareaboutoneanotherandallowustorelatetoanotherpersoninathoughtfulwaybutatarespectabledistance.
(1)Whichofthefollowingisseldomamarkofsuccesstopeopletoday?
A. Handsomeincome.
B. Anacademicdegree.
C. Highranksintheoffice
D. Politebehavior.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“makesomeallowances”inParagraph4probablymean?
A. treattheabsenceofmannersdifferently
B. rejecttheabsenceofmanners
C. opposebadmannerssomehow
D. partlypermitbeingintheabsenceofmanners
(3)Whichofthefollowingisthebenefitbygoodmanners?
A. Goodmannersmakespeoplethoughtful
B. Goodmannershelpdeeperconnectionswith
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