BBC wild Chrina 解说词.docx
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BBC wild Chrina 解说词.docx
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BBCwildChrina解说词
【BBC】WildChina解说词一
默认分类 2008-12-1318:
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大大 中中 小小
WildChina
Thelasthiddenworld——China.
Forcenturies,travelerstoChinahavetoldtalesof magicallandscapesandsurprisingcreatures.Chinesecivilizationistheworld'soldestandtoday,it’slargest,withwelloverabillionpeople.It'shometomorethan50distinctethnicgroupsandawiderangeoftraditionallifestyles,ofteninclosepartnershipwithnature.WeknowthatChinafacesimmensesocialandenvironmentalproblems.Butthereisgreatbeautyhere,too.
Chinaishometotheworld'shighestmountains,vastdesertsrangingfromsearinghottomind-numbingcold,Steamingforestsharboringrarecreatures,grassyplainsbeneathvasthorizonsandrichtropicalseas.Nowforthefirsttimeever,wecanexplorethewholeofthisgreatcountry,meetsomeofthesurprisingandexoticcreaturesthatlivehereandconsidertherelationshipofthepeopleandwildlifeofChinatotheremarkablelandscapeinwhichtheylive.
ThisisWildChina.
HeartoftheDragon
OurexplorationofChinabeginsinthewarm,subtropicalsouth.
OntheLiRiver,fishermenandbirdsperchonbamboorafts,apartnershipthatgoesbackmorethanathousandyears.Thissceneryisknownthroughouttheworld,arecurringmotifinChinesepaintingsandamajortouristattraction.ThesouthofChinaisavastarea,eighttimeslargerthantheUK.It'salandscapeofhillsbutalsoofwater.Itrainshereforupto250daysayear,andstandingwateriseverywhere.InthefloodplainoftheYangtzeRiver,black-tailedgodwitsprobethemudinsearchofworms.Butisn'tjustwildlifethatthrivesinthisenvironment.Theswampygroundprovidesidealconditionsforaremarkablememberofthegrassfamily.
Rice!
TheChinesehavebeencultivatingriceforatleast8,000years.Ithastransformedthelandscape.LatewinterinsouthernYunnanisabusytimeforlocalfarmersastheypreparetheage-oldpaddyfieldsreadyforthecomingspring.
ThesehillslopesoftheYuanyangCountyplungenearly2,000meterstotheflooroftheRedRivervalley.Eachcontainsliterallythousandsofstackedterracescarvedoutbyhandusingbasicdiggingtools.Yunnan'sriceterracesareamongtheoldesthumanstructuresinChina,stillploughed,astheyalwayshavebeen,bydomesticatedwaterbuffaloes,whoseancestorsoriginatedintheseveryvalleys.
Thisman-madelandscapeisoneofthemostamazingengineeringfeatsofpre-industrialChina.Itseemsasifeverysquareinchoflandhasbeenpressedintocultivation.
Aseveningapproaches,anage-oldritualunfolds.It'sthematingseasonandmalepaddyfrogsarecompetingfortheattentionofthefemales.Butitdoesn'talwayspaytodrawtoomuchattentiontoyourself.TheChinesepondheronisapitilesspredator.Eveninthemiddleofaploughedpaddyfield,natureisredinbeakandclaw.Thismaylooklikeaslaughterbutaseachheroncanswallowonlyonefrogatatime,thevastmajoritywillescapetocroakanotherday.
TerracedpaddieslikethoseoftheYuanyangCountyarefoundacrossmuchofsouthernChina.Thiswholevastlandscapeisdominatedbyricecultivation.
InhillyGuizhouProvince,theMiaominorityhavedevelopedaremarkablericeculture.Witheveryinchoffertilelandgivenovertoricecultivation,theMiaobuildtheirwoodenhousesonthesteepestandleastproductivehillsides.InChineserurallife,everythinghasause.Driedinthesun,manurefromthecowshedswillbeusedascookingfuel.
It'smidday,andtheSongfamilyaretuckingintoalunchofriceandvegetables.Oblivioustothedomesticchit-chat,GranddadGuYongXiuhasseriousmattersonhismind.Springisthestartofthericegrowingseason.Thesuccessofthecropwilldeterminehowwellthefamilywilleatnextyear,soplantingattherighttimeiscritical.Theidealdatedependsonwhattheweatherwilldothisyear,nevereasytopredict.Butthereissomesurprisinghelpathand.
OntheceilingoftheSongs'livingroom,apairofred-rumpedswallows,newlyarrivedfromtheirwintermigration,isbusyfixinguplastyear'snest.
InChina,animalsarevaluedasmuchfortheirsymbolicmeaningasforanygoodtheymaydo.Miaopeoplebelievethatswallowpairsremainfaithfulforlife,sotheirpresenceisafavorandablessing,bringinghappinesstoamarriageandgoodlucktoahome.LikemostMiaodwellings,theSongs'livingroomwindowslookoutoverthepaddyfields.Fromearlyspring,oneofthesewindowsisalwaysleftopentolettheswallowscomeandgofreely.Eachyear,granddadGunotestheexactdaytheswallowsreturn.Miaopeoplebelievethebirds'arrivalpredictsthetimingoftheseasonahead.Thisyear,theywerelate.SoGuandtheothercommunityeldershaveagreedthatriceplantingshouldbedelayedaccordingly.
AstheMiaopreparetheirfieldsforplanting,theswallowscollectmudtorepairtheirnestsandchaseafterinsectsacrossthenewlyploughedpaddies.
Finally,afterweeksofpreparation,theordainedtimeforplantinghasarrived.Butfirsttheseedlingsmustbeuprootedfromthenurserybedsandbundledupreadytobetransportedtotheirnewpaddyhigherupthehillside.AlltheSongs'neighborshaveturnedouttohelpwiththetransplanting.It'showthecommunityhasalwaysworked.Whenthetimecomes,theSongswillreturnthefavor.Whilethefarmersarebusyinthefields,theswallowsflybackandforthwithmaterialfortheirnest.
Manyhandsmakelightwork.Plantingthenewpaddytakeslittlemorethananhour.
Jobdone,thevillagerscanrelax,atleastuntiltomorrow.Butforthenestingswallows,theworkofraisingafamilyhasonlyjustbegun.
Inthenewlyplantedfields,littleegretshuntforfood.Thericepaddiesharbortadpoles,fishandinsectsandtheegretshavechickstofeed.
ThiscolonyinChongqingProvincewasestablishedin1996,whenafewdozenbirdsbuiltnestsinthebamboogrovebehindYangGuangvillage.Believingtheywereasignofluck,localpeopleinitiallyprotectedtheegretsandthecolonygrew.Buttheirattitudechangedwhentheheadofthevillagefellill.Theyblamedthebirdsandwereallsettodestroytheirnests,whenthelocalgovernmentsteppedintoprotectthem.
Bendybamboomaynotbethesafestnestingplace,butatleastthisyoungsterwon'tendupassomeone'sdinner.Thesechickshavejusthadaneeldeliveredbytheirmum,quiteachallengeforlittlebeaks.Providingtheircoloniesareprotected,wadingbirdslikeegretsareamongthefewwildcreatureswhichbenefitdirectlyfromintensivericecultivation.
Growingriceneedslotsofwater.Butevenintherainysouth,therearelandscapeswherewaterissurprisinglyscarce.ThisvastareaofsouthwestChina,thesizeofFranceandSpaincombined,isfamousforitsclustersofconicalhills,likegiantupturnedeggcartons,separatedbydryemptyvalleys.Thisisthekarst,alimestoneterrainwhichhasbecomethedefiningimageofsouthernChina.Karstlandscapesareoftenstuddedwithrockyoutcrops,forcinglocalfarmerstocultivatetinyfields.ThepeoplewholivehereareamongthepoorestinChina.
InneighboringYunnanProvince,limestonerockshavetakenoverentirely.ThisisthefamousStoneForest,theproductofcountlessyearsoferosion,producingamazeofdeepgulliesandsharp-edgedpinnacles.Limestonehasthestrangepropertythatitdissolvesinrainwater.Overmanythousandsofyearswaterhascorrodeditswaydeepintotheheartofthebedrockitself.Thisnaturalwonderisafamoustouristspot,receivingclosetotwomillionvisitorseachyear.TheChinesearefondofcuriously-shapedrocksandmanyhavebeengivenfancifulnames.Noprizesforguessingwhatthisoneiscalled!
Butthere'smoretothislandscapethanmeetstheeye.Chinahasliterallythousandsofmysteriouscavernsconcealedbeneaththevisiblelandscapeofthekarst.Muchofthishiddenworldhasneverbeenseenbyhumaneyesandisonlyjustnowbeingexplored.
ForagrowingbandofintrepidyoungChineseexplorers,cavesrepresenttheultimateadventure.Exploringacaveisliketakingajourneythroughtime,ajourneywhichendlessraindropswillhavefollowedovercountlesscenturies.Fedbycountlessdripsandtrickles,thesubterraneanrivercarveseverdeeperintotherock.Thecaveriver'scourseischanneledbythebedsoflimestone.Aweaknessintherockcanallowtherivertoincreaseitsgradientandflow-rate,providingarealchallengeforthecaveexplorers.Thedownwardrushishaltedwhenthewatertableisreached.
Heretheslow-flowingrivercarvestunnelswithamoreroundedprofile.Thistranquilworldishometospecializedcavefishes,liketheeyelessgoldenbarb.Chinamayhavemoreuniquekindsofcave-evolvedfishesthananywhereelseonearth.Abovethewatertable,ancientcavernsabandonedbytheriverslowlyfillupwithstalactitesandstalagmites.Stalactitesformastricklingwaterdepositstinyquantitiesofrockoverhundredsorthousandsofyears.Stalagmitesgrowupwherelime-ladendripshitthecavefloor.
Sofar,onlyafractionofChina'scaveshavebeenthoroughlyprospectedandcaversareconstantlydiscoveringnewsubterraneanmarvels,manyofwhicharesubsequentlydevelopedintocommercialshowcaves.Finallyescapingthedarkness,thecaveriveranditshumanexplorersemergeinavalleyfarfromwheretheirjourneybegan.Fornow,theadventureisover.
Riverswhichissuefromcavesarethekeytosurvivalinthekarstcountry.ThisverticalgorgeinGuizhouProvinceisafocalpointfortheregion'swildlife.
Thisisoneoftheworld'srarestprimates,Francois'slangur.InChinatheysurviveinjusttwosouthernprovinces,GuizhouandGuangxi,alwaysinruggedlimestonete
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