商务英语名词解释.docx
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商务英语名词解释.docx
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商务英语名词解释
2. Return —回报thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.
3. Portfolio —证券投资组合theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling
4. Royalty —专利税moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightforpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu.atagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.
5. Patent —专利权aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.
6. Non-tariffbarrier —非贸易壁垒allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.
7. Franchise —经销权anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsinacertainarea.
power —购买力ofpersons,thepublic,havingthemoneytobuygoodsandservices.
9. PPP —购买力平价purchasingpowerparity
10. tariff —关税taxleviedbythecustoms
totrade —贸易壁垒anyactionbyagovernmenttolimitorpreventthefreeflowofgoodsinandoutofitscountry.
commodities —初级产品thosecommoditiesnotprocessed,oronlyslightlyprocessed,usuallyfarmproduceorrawmaterials
—退税dutiespaidonimportedgoodsthatarerefundedwhenre-exported
duties —从量税dutiesleviedonthebasisofquantity,weight,sizeetc.ofthegoods
valoremduties —从价税dutiesleviedonthebasisofthepriceofthegoods
—运费thepriceorcostoftransportation
offer —主动发盘anoffermadeontheinitiativeoftheofferer
parties —缔约方signatoriesofanagreement
majeure —[不可抗力]socialornaturalcalamitiesthattakeplacebeyondthecontrolofacontractingparty
offer —持盘anofferwhosetermsandconditionsarebindingontheoffer
—受要约人thepartytowhomanofferismade
—极度通货膨胀soaringofpricesbeyondcontrol
—通货膨胀riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc.
—贸易保护主义thetheoryofthesystemofdevelopinghomecountriesthroughdutiesandothermeansimposedoncompetitiveimports
—双边的oftwosides
—捆绑式销售theexchangeofgoodsorservicesaretiedtogether
—债权人apersontowhomoneownsmoney
—债务人apersonwhoowesmoney
—违约failtocarryoutanobligation
—汇票anunconditionalordertosomeonetopayasumofmoney
—汇款thesendingofmoneyorthemoneysent
—出票人thepersonwhoissuesadraft,usuallytheexporter
—受票人thepersontowhomadraftisdrawn
—资信beingbelievedoracceptedbyothersasreliableinmakingpayment
ofanL/C —出口信用证theimporterthatgoestoabankfortheestablishmentofanL/C
—受益人thecompanythatcanmakeuseofanL/Ctogetpaidforitsexport
bank —保兑行thebankthataddsitsowncommitmenttoanL/C
—退款paybacktosomebodyfortheexpenseshehasspent
credit —光票信用证acreditthatdoesnotrequireshippingdocumentsforpayment
credit —即期信用证acreditbywhichpaymentcanbemadeuponpresentationofthedraft
—中间商traderthroughwhomgoodspassbetweentheproducerandtheconsumer
—收货人thepartyinthebillofladingtowhomthegoodsareshipped
marks —唛头whatisprintedontheouterpackingofgoodsassymbolforidentificationinthecourseoftransportation
policy —保险单adocumentusedforcoveringpossiblerisks
—抬头righttothepossessionofapositionorproperty
—被保险人apersoncoveredbyaninsurancepolicy
—保险费theamountpaidbyaninsuredforcoverageunderthecontract
loss —潜在损失losswhichispossibletoincur
—索赔apaymentdemandedinaccordancewithaninsurancepolicy
—利润amountabovewhatisestimatedasnecessary
—保险公司apersonwhocarriesoninsuranceasabusiness
—发票adocumentforthegeneraldescriptionofthegoodsandtheprice
—赔偿金somethinggivenorreceivedasanequivalentforloss
—联营acombinationoffundsformedforcommonadvantage
transportation —多式联运transportthatcombinesroad,rail,seaandair
—兑换torepayorpayoff,esp.loanstock,debenturesandpreferencesharesorstock
—结算theactofpayingabill,debt,charge,etc
rate —汇率thepriceatwhichonecurrencycanbeexchangedforanothercurrency
circulation —货币流通moneyinthehandsofthepublicandbeingusedtopayforgoodsandservices
—货币贬值theactofagovernmentinreducingbylawtheexchangevalueofitscurrencyinunitsofgoldorascomparedwithothercurrencies
—储备金moneyheldasidetomeetfuturedemand
—投资theactofputtingmoneytouseinsomethingofferingprofitablereturns
—配额alimitplacedbyagovernmentontheamountofimportsorcommodity
—自动出口限制anagreementbyacountry’sexportersorgovernmenttolimittheirexportsorgovernmenttolimittheirexportstoanothercountry
property —知识产权certainnon-tangibleassetsheld,principallycoveringtheareasofpatentprotection,registeredtrademarksanddesigns,andcopy-right
holiday —免税期aperiodoftimeduringwhichtaxisnotlevied
venture —合资企业abusinesswheretheprovisionofriskcapitalissharedbetweentwoormorefirms
—金边债券stocksissuedbygovernment
—成本效益好producingoptimumresultsfortheexpenditure
—反倾销oneformofactionwhichmaybetakenbyagovernmenttoprotectindustriesfromunfaircompetitionbywhichgoodsaresoldatapricelowerthaninthecountrywheretheyaremanufactured
—授权authoritygiventoperformaduty
party —缔约国acountryorfirmthatsignsalegalagreement
trade有形贸易 :
Theformofcommoditytrade,.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.(includingcashtransaction-bymeansofmoneyandmarket,andcountertrade)
trade无形贸易 :
Theformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.iscalledinvisibletradeorserviceindustries.
(foreigndirectinvestments) ismadeofreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedinahostcountry.
investment证券投资 :
Purchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.
债券:
Thepapersissuedbyagovernmentorafirmwithpromisetopaybackthemoneylentorinvestedtogetherwithinterest.
许可经营 :
Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.Theychooselicensingbecausetheydonothavetomakecashpaymentstostatbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.
特许经营 :
afirmcalledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandnames,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
特许方 :
Afirmwhoprovidesthefranchiseewithtrademarks,brandnames,logosandoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.
被特许方 :
Afirmisallowedtooperateinthenameofanother.
国民生产总值 :
GrossnationalProduct.Themarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.
国内生产总值 :
GrossDomesticProduct.Themarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.
capitaGDP人均国内生产总值 :
ItiscalculatedbydividingitstotalGDPbyitspopulation,whichrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers.
distribution收入分布 :
Theproportionsofitsrich,middleincomeandpoorpeople.
tradearea自由贸易区 :
Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselveswhilestilladoptseachownexternalpolicy
union关税同盟 :
Themembersremovebarrierstotradeamongthemselvesandadoptthesameexternalpolicy
market共同市场 :
Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproductionandadoptthesameexternalpolicy.
Union(EU)经济同盟 :
Themembersremovebarriersnotonlytotradebutalsotofactorsofproduction,adoptthesameexternalpolicyandharmonizetheirtaxation,governmentexpenditure,industrypoliciesandusethesamecurrency.
MNCheadquarter跨国公司母公司,总部 istheoriginalinvestingmultinationalcorporation.ItisalsotheinternationalheadquartersoftheMNE.
county母国 :
Thecountrywheretheheadquarteroftheinvestorislocated.
country东道国 :
Thehostcountryisaforeigncountrywheretheinvestoroperates.
advantage绝对利益 :
Itholdsthatacommoditywillbeproducedinthecountrywhereitcostsleastintermsofresources(capital,landandlabor)
advantage比较利益 :
Evenifacountryislessefficientthananotherintheproductionofbothcommodities,thereisstillabasisformutuallybeneficialtrade.
1..Internationaltrade国际贸易 :
Theexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinonecountrywiththoseproducedinanothersufficient.
duties进口关税 :
Tariffsleviedongoodsenteringanarea
duties出口关税 :
Taxesleviedongoodsleavinganarea
(MFN)treatment最惠国待遇 :
Atarifftreatmentunderwhichacountryisrequiredtoextendtoallsignatoriesanytariffconcessionsgrantedtoanyparticipatingcountry
/enquiry询盘、询价 :
Itismadebythebuyerstogetinformationaboutthegoodstobeorderedsuchasquantity,specifications,prices,timeofshipmentandotherterms.
报盘 :
Estimateofhowmuchsomethingwillcost
offer还盘:
Newoffermadebytheoriginaloffereetotheoriginalofferer
:
Riseinpricesbroughtaboutbytheexcessdemand,expansionofmoneysupply,creditetc
易货贸易:
Thedirectexchangeofgoodsandservices,whichiscompletedinashortperiodoftime.
purchase反向购买、互购贸易:
Theassumptionbyanexporterofatransferableobligationthroughseparatebutlinkedcontracttoacceptasfullorpartialpaymentgoodsandservicesfromtheimporterorimportingcountry.
回购贸易:
Anagreementbyanexporterofplantandequipmenttotakebackinthefuturepartoftheoutputproducedbythesegoodsasfullorpartialpayment.
汇付:
Thismethodisalwaysemployedbythepartieswhoarefamiliarwithandtrusteachother
draft跟单汇票:
Thedraftisaccompaniedbyther
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- 商务英语 名词解释