定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx
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定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题.docx
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定语从句关系代词和关系副词的知识和练习题
一、定语:
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
汉语中常用“…的”表示。
定语主要由形容词担任,此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式(短语)、分词也可以做定语。
abeautifulcity;abagfullOfmoney.注意:
汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面,而英语中的定语则不然,
若是一个词时,放在被修饰词的前面,若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面,
thirtywomenteachers;hisfather;thegirlinred;theboyfromAmeriCa
OUrmonitorisalwaysthefirstStUdenttoentertheCIaSSroom.
fallingleaves;fallenleaves;theboyplayingbasketball;thebookboughtbymymother;areadingroom;aSWimmingpool
Heisthemanwhoyouarelookingfor.
二:
定义及相关术语
1.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系
代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等;关系畐H词有When,where,why.
1.1haveanapple.Anappleisred.
Ihaveanapplethat/WhiChisred.
先行词关系代词
2.Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendslikesports.
IIikefriendsWhOIikesports.
先行词关系代词
3.Ilikemusic.Themusicisquiet.
Ilikemusicthat/WhiChisquiet.
先行词关系代词
关系词通常有下列三个作用:
A、引导定语从句,连接主从句;B、代替先行词;
C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
(1)关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在定语从句中做主语。
TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
ThosewhoWanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrowmorning.
YeSterdayIhelpedanoldmanwhohadlosthisway.
ThatistheteacherwhoteachesUSphysics.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略。
Mr.LiUisthePerSon(WhOm)youtalkedaboutonthebus.
LiMingisjusttheboy(WhOm)IWanttosee.
ThePrOfeSSOr(WhOm)youareWaitingforhascome.
Thegirl(WhOm)theteacheroftenPraiSeSisourmonitor.
注意:
关系代词WhOm在口语或非正式文体中常可用WhO来代替,也可省
略。
Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.
3.WhiCh指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
FootballisagameWhiChislikedbymostboys.
HelikestoreadbooksWhiChareWrittenbyforeignwriters.
ThehouseWhiChisbythelakelooksnice.
ThiSisthePen(WhiCh)heboughtyesterday.
Thefilm(WhiCh)theyWenttoSeelastnightWaSnotinterestingatall.。
4.That既可指人,也可指物。
在定语从句中做主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
Thenumberofpeoplethat/whocometoViSitthisCityeachyearreachesonemillion.
Whereisthemanthat/whomISaWthismorning?
ThePerSonthat/whomyouintroducedtomeisVerykind.
TheSeaSonthat/WhiChcomesafterSPringissummer.
YeSterdayIreceivedaIetterthat/WhiChCamefromAustralia.
5.whose既可指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
IViSitedaSCientistwhosenameisknownalloverthecountry.
Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
Ioncelivedinthehousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
注意:
指物时,常用下列结构来代替:
TheClaSSrOOmwhosedoorisbrokenWiIlSOOnberepaired.
TheCIaSSroomthedoorofWhiChisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
DoyoulikethebookthecoverofWhiChisyellow?
(二)限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况
1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing(SOmething除夕卜),all,none,
few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词受every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。
如:
HaVeyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lisaid?
ThereSeemStobenothingthatisimpossibletohimintheworld.
AllthatCanbedonehasbeendone.。
ThereislittlethatICandoforyou.
HeStayedintheIibraryandlookedUPanyinformationthattheyneeded.
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who,女口:
Anymanthat/whohasaSenSeofdutywon'tdoSUChathing.
Allthegueststhat/whoWereinVitedtoherWeddingWereimportantpeople.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时。
女口:
ThefirstplacethattheyViSitedinLondonWaStheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
女口:
ThiSisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverSeen.
4.当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。
如:
ThiSistheVerydictionarythatIWanttobuy.
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldCaristheOnlythingthatheowns.
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可用关系代词who。
女口:
WangHuaistheOnIyPerSOninOurschoolwhowillattendthemeeting.
5.当先行词前面有who,WhiCh等疑问代词时。
女口:
WhoisthemanthatisStandingbythegate?
WhiChistheT-Shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词为人与物时。
女口:
TheytalkedaboutthePerSOnSandthingsthattheyrememberedatschool.
(3)关系副词引导的定语从句
1.When指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
当先行词是表时间的名词,比如time,day,week,month,year等;且定语从句中缺少时间状语时用When.若先行词是表时间的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/WhiCh引导。
IstillrememberthedayWhenIfirstCametothisschool.
ThetimeWhenWegottogetherfinallyarrived.
DoyouremembertheyearsWhenhelivedinthecountrysideWithhis
grandparents?
Doyourememberthedays(that/WhiCh)WeSPenttogetherlastyear?
IwillneverforgetthedaysWhenWeSPentourholidaystogether.
IWillneverforgetthedaysthat/WhiChWeSPenttogether.
2.Where指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
若先行词是表地点的名词,比如park,city,farm,place等;且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where.若先行词是表地点的名词,定语从句中缺主语或宾语时,用that/WhiCh引导。
ShanghaiistheCityWhereIWaSborn.上海是我出生的城市。
ThehouseWhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
IViSitedthefarmWherealotofcowsWereraised.
ShanghaiistheCity(WhiCh/that)IWanttovisit.
IknowaplaceWhereWeCanhaveaPiCnic.
IknowaplaceWhiCh/thatisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalSCenery.
3.Why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语。
若先行词是reason;且定语从句中缺少原因状语时,用Why引导。
若先行词是reason,定语从句中缺主语或宾语,用WhiCh/that引导。
PIeaSetellmethereasonWhyyoumissedtheplane.
Idon'bknthereasonWhyhelooksUnhappytoday.
Ididn'tbelievethereason(that/WhiCh)heexplainedtome
注意:
关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
来表示。
如:
FromtheyearsWhen/inWhiChheWaSgoingtoPrimaryschoolinthe
COUntryhehadknownWhatheWantedtobeWhenhegrewup.
GreatChangesaretakingplaceintheCityWhere/inWhiChtheylive.
ThereasonWhy/forWhiChherefusedtheinVitationisquiteclear.
(四)介词+关系代词WhiCh/whom”引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,从句常常由介词+关系代词”引出。
TheSChOOl(WhiCh/that)heOnCeStudiedinisVeryfamous.
TheschoolinWhiChheOnCeStUdiedisVeryfamous.
TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazine(WhiCh/that)youaskedfor.
TomorrowI'llbringherethemagazinforWhiChyouasked.
ThiSistheboy(whom/who/that)IPIayedtennisWithyesterday.
ThiSistheboyWithwhomIPIayedtennisWithyesterday.
We'llgotohearthefamousSinger(whom/who/that)Wehaveoftentalkedabout.
We'llgotohearthefamousSingeraboutwhomWehaveoftentalked.
ThemanagerwhosecompanyIworkinPaySmuchattentionto
improVingourworkingconditions.
ThemanagerinwhosecompanyIworkPaySmuchattentionto
improVingourworkingconditions.
注意:
1.含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。
女口:
lookfor,lookafter,takeCareof等。
ThiSistheWatCh(WhiCh/that)Iamlookingfor.(正)
ThiSistheWatChforWhiChIamlooking.(误)
Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareVeryhealthy.
(正)
(误)
ThebabiesafterWhOmthenurseisIOOkingareVeryhealthy.
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时,只可用whom,不可用who,that;关系代词指物时只可用WhiCh,不可用that。
ThemanWithwhomyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(正)
ThemanWiththat/whoyoutalkedjustnowismyneighbor.(误)
TheplaneinWhiChWeflewtoCanadaWaSreallycomfortable.(正)
TheplaneinthatWeflewtoCanadaWaSreallycomfortable.(误)
3.介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词。
如:
HeloveshisParentsdeeply,bothofwhomareVerykindtohim.
Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofWhiChhavegonebad.
TherearefortyStUdentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
UPtonow,hehasWrittentenstories,threeofWhiChareaboutCOUntrylife.
注意事项:
如何判断关系代词和关系副词
方法一:
用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
不及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词+关系代词;而及物动词后接宾语,则要求用关系代词。
例女口:
ThiSisthemountainvillageWhereIStayedlastyear.
I'llneverforgetthedaysWhenIWOrkedtogetherWithyou.
判断改错(注:
先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。
)
(错)ThiSisthemountainVilIageWhereIViSitedIaStyear.
(错)IwillneverforgetthedaysWhenISPentintheCOuntryside.
(对)ThiSisthemountainvillage(WhiCh)IViSitedlastyear.
(对)∏lneverforgetthedays(WhiCh)ISPentinthecountryside.
方法二:
准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正
确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.ISthismuseumyouViSitedafewdaysago?
A.WhereB.thatC.onWhiChD.theone
例2.ISthisthemuseumtheexhibitionWaSheld?
A.WhereB.thatC.onWhiChD.theone
答案:
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾
语时,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,WhOSe);
先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词(Where地点状语,When时间状语,Why原因状语)。
(五)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句
形式上:
不用逗号“,与主句隔开。
意义上:
是先行词不可缺少的定语,如删除,主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
译法上:
译成先行词的定语•的”
关系词的使用上:
A.作宾语时可省略B.可用thatC.可用who代替
WhOm
非限制性定语从句
形式上:
用逗号“,与主句隔开。
意义上:
只是对先行词的补充说明,如删除,主句仍能表达完整的意思。
译法上:
通常译成主句的并列句。
关系词的使用上:
A.不可省略B.不用thatC.不可用who代替whom
限制性定语从句举例:
TheteachertoldmethatTomWaStheonIyPerSonthatIcoulddepend
on.
ChinaisaCOuntryWhiChhasalonghistory.
IntheStreetISaWamanwhoWaSfromAfriCa.
HiSmother,wholoveshimVerymuch,isStriCtWithhim.
China,WhiChWaSfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
LaStSUmmerIViSitedthePeopleSGreatHall,inWhiChmanyimportantmeetingsareheldeveryyear.
(六)关系代词as和WhiCh引导的定语从句
as和WhiCh引导非限制性定语从句时,其用法有相同之处,也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.as和WhiCh都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语,代表前面整个句子。
女口:
Hemarriedher,as/WhiChWaSnatural.他跟她结婚了,这是很自然的
Heishonest,as/WhiChWeCansee.他很诚实,这一点我们看得出来。
2.as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后,甚至还可以分割
主句。
WhiCh引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。
另外,as常常有
正如、正像”的含义。
女口:
ASisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
Heisfromthesouth,asWeCanknowfromhisaccent.
John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
ZhangHuahasbeentoPariSmorethantentimes,WhiChIdon't
注意:
当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时,关系词往往只用WhiCh。
如:
TomWaSlateforschoolagainandagain,WhiChmadehisteacherVery
angry.
TheSetablesaremadeofmetal,WhiChmadethemVeryheavy.
3.当先行词受such,so,theSame修饰时,关系词常用as。
女口:
I'VeneverheardSUChStOrieSashetells.
HeisnotSUChafoolashelooks.
ThiSistheSamedictionaryasIlostlastweek.
注意:
当先行词受theSame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但与as引导
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