雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析.docx

雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析.docx

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雅思真题剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析

【雅思真题】剑6Test1阅读Passage1真题及解析

READINGPASSAGE1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13,whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.

AUSTRALIA'SSPORTINGSUCCESS

ATheyplayhard,theyplayoften,andtheyplaytowin.Australiansportsteamswinmorethantheirfairshareoftitles,demolishingrivalswithseemingease.Howdotheydoit?

Abigpartofthesecretisanextensiveandexpensivenetworkofsportingacademiesunderpinnedbyscienceandmedicine.AttheAustralianInstituteofSport（AIS）,hundredsofyoungstersandprosliveandtrainundertheeyesofcoaches.Anotherbody,theAustralianSportsCommission（ASC）,financesprogrammesofexcellenceinatotalof96sportsforthousandsofsportsmenandwomen.Bothprovideintensivecoaching,trainingfacilitiesandnutritionaladvice.

BInsidetheacademies,sciencetakescentrestage.TheAISemploysmorethan100sportsscientistsanddoctors,andcollaborateswithscoresofothersinuniversitiesandresearchcentres.AISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinone-suchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolfers-toothers,suchasswimmingandsquash.Theyarebackedupbytechnicianswhodesigninstrumentstocollectdatafromathletes.Theyallfocusononeaim:

winning.‘Wecan'twasteourtimelookingatetherealscientificquestionsthatdon'thelpthecoachworkwithanathleteandimproveperformance,'saysPeterFricker,chiefofscienceatAIS.

CAlotoftheirworkcomesdowntomeasurement-everythingfromtheexactangleofaswimmer’sdivetothesecond-by-secondpoweroutputofacyclist.Thisdataisusedtowringimprovementsoutofathletes.Thefocusisonindividuals,tweakingperformancestosqueezeanextrahundredthofasecondhere,anextramillimetrethere.Nogainistooslighttobotherwith.It’sthetiny,gradualimprovementsthatadduptoworld-beatingresults.Todemonstratehowthesystemworks,BruceMasonatAISshowsofftheprototypeofa3Danalysistoolforstudyingswimmers.Awire-framemodelofachampionswimmerslicesthroughthewater,herarmsmovinginslowmotion.Lookingside-on,Masonmeasuresthedistancebetweenstrokes.Fromabove,heanalyseshowherspineswivels.Whenfullydeveloped,thissystemwillenablehimtobuildabiomechanicalprofileforcoachestousetohelpbuddingswimmers.Mason'scontributiontosportalsoincludesthedevelopmentoftheSWAN（SWimmingANalysis）systemnowusedinAustraliannationalcompetitions.Itcollectsimagesfromdigitalcamerasrunningat50framesasecondandbreaksdowneachpartofaswimmer'sperformanceintofactorsthatcanbeanalysedindividually-strokelength,strokefrequency,averagedurationofeachstroke,velocity,start,lapandfinishtimes,andsoon.Attheendofeachrace,SWANspitsoutdataoneachswimmer

D‘Takealook,'saysMason,pullingoutasheetofdata.Hepointsoutthedataontheswimmersinsecondandthirdplace,whichshowsthattheonewhofinishedthirdactuallyswamfaster.Sowhydidhefinish35hundredthsofaseconddown?

‘Histurntimeswere44hundredthsofasecondbehindtheotherguy,'saysMason.‘Ifhecanimproveonhisturns,hecandomuchbetter’ThisisthekindofaccuracythatAISscientists'researchisbringingtoarangeofsports.

WiththeCooperativeResearchCentreforMicroTechnologyinMelbourne,theyaredevelopingunobtrusivesensorsthatwillbeembeddedinanathlete'sclothesorrunningshoestomonitorheartrate,sweating,heatproductionoranyotherfactorthatmighthaveanimpactonanathlete'sabilitytorun.There'smoretoitthansimplymeasuringperformance.Frickergivestheexampleofathleteswhomaybedownwithcoughsandcolds11or12timesayear.Afteryearsofexperimentation,AlSandtheUniversityofNewcastleinNewSouthWalesdevelopedatestthatmeasureshowmuchoftheimmune-systemproteinimmunoglobulinAispresentinathletes'saliva.IfIgAlevelssuddenlyfallbelowacertainlevel,trainingiseasedordroppedaltogether.Soon,IgAlevelsstartrisingagain,andthedangerpasses.Sincethetestswereintroduced,AISathletesinallsportshavebeenremarkablysuccessfulatstayinghealthy.

EUsingdataisacomplexbusiness.Wellbeforeachampionship,sportsscientistsandcoachesstarttopreparetheathletebydevelopinga‘competitionmodel',basedonwhattheyexpectwillbethewinningtimes.‘Youdesignthemodeltomakethattime,'saysMason.‘Astartofthismuch,eachfree-swimmingperiodhastobethisfast,withacertainstrokefrequencyandstrokelength,withturnsdoneinthesetimes.'Allthetrainingisthengearedtowardsmakingtheathletehitthosetargets,bothoverallandforeachsegmentoftherace.TechniqueslikethesehavetransformedAustraliaintoarguablytheworld'smostsuccessfulsportingnation.

FOfcourse,there'snothingtostopothercountriescopying-andmanyhavetried.Someyearsago,theAISunveiledcoolant-linedjacketsforenduranceathletes.AttheAtlantaOlympicGamesin1996,theseslicedasmuchastwopercentoffcyclists'androwers'times.Noweveryoneusesthem.Thesamehashappenedtothe‘altitudetent',developedbyAIStoreplicatetheeffectofaltitudetrainingatsealevel.ButAustralia'ssuccessstoryisaboutmorethaneasilycopiedtechnologicalfixes,anduptonownonationhasreplicateditsall-encompassingsystem.

Questions1-7

ReadingPassage1hassixparagraphs,A-F.

Whichparagraphcontainsthefollowinginformation?

Writethecorrectletter,A-F,inboxes1-7onyouranswersheet.

NBYoumayuseanylettermorethanonce.

1areferencetotheexchangeofexpertisebetweendifferentsports

2anexplanationofhowvisualimagingisemployedininvestigations

3areasonfornarrowingthescopeofresearchactivity

4howsomeAISideashavebeenreproduced

5howobstaclestooptimumachievementcanbeinvestigated

6anoverviewofthefundedsupportofathletes

7howperformancerequirementsarecalculatedbeforeanevent

Questions8-11

Classifythefollowingtechniquesaccordingtowhetherthewriterstatesthey

AarecurrentlyexclusivelyusedbyAustralians

BwillbeusedinthefuturebyAustralians

CarecurrentlyusedbybothAustraliansandtheirrivals

Writethecorrectletter,A,BorC,inboxes8-11onyouranswersheet.

8cameras

9sensors

10proteintests

11altitudetents

Questions12and13

Answerthequestionsbelow.

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes12and13onyouranswersheet.

12Whatisproducedtohelpanathleteplantheirperformanceinanevent?

13Byhowmuchdidsomecyclists'performanceimproveatthe1996OlympicGames?

READINGPASSAGE1真题解析：

篇章结构

体裁说明文

主题澳大利亚的体育成就

结构A段：

澳大利亚体育成绩斐然B段：

科技是第一生产力

C段：

精确测量和数据分析D段：

精确测量和数据分析的实例

E段：

数据的实际应用F段：

不可复制的成功

必背词汇

A段

fairadj.合理的pron.职业运动员

demolishv.击败；破坏，毁坏undertheeyeof在……的注意下

rivaln.竞争者，对手bodyn.团体，机构

seemingadj.表面上的（通常事实并非如此）financev.给……提供经费

easen.不费力，轻松excellencen.优秀，卓越

extensiveadj.广泛的，涉及面广的intensiveadj.强化的

underpinv.以……为稳固基础nutritionaladj.营养的

B段

centrestage中心地位squashn.壁球

collaboratev.合作instrumentn.仪器，器械

golfern.打高尔夫球的人etherealadj.飘渺的，引申为不切实际的

C段

comedownto（sth.）可归结为wire-frameadj.线框的

second-by-second每秒的slicev.划开；切开

outputn.输出slowmotion慢动作

wring…outof原义为扭，榨取，此处引申为从……中（经过努力）获得side-on从侧面

stroken.划动，划水

tweakv.扭，用力拉spinen.脊柱

world-beatingadj.举世瞩目的swivelv.旋转

prototypen.原型biomechanicaladj.生物力（学）的

profilen.原义为轮廓、外形，此处意为模型velocityn.速度，速率

lapn.一圈

buddingadj.发展中的spitout原义是吐出，此处引申为显示出、分析出

framen.帧，画面

D段

turntime转身时间immunoglobulinn.免疫球蛋白

unobtrusiveadj.不显眼的，不醒目的presentadj.存在的

sensorn.传感器salivan.唾液

embedv.使插入；使嵌入easev.减轻，减弱

sweatv.出汗，发汗remarkablyadv.显著地，引人注目地；非常地

experimentationn.实验，试验

immune-system免疫系统的

E段

complexadj.复杂的transformv.转换，转变，改变

championshipn.冠军赛arguablyadv.可论证地（可辩论地），有理由说地

gearv.调整，（使）适合

segmentn.部分

F段

unveilv.展示（新产品）；揭开altitudetent高原帐篷

coolant-lined流线型散热replicatev.复制

endurancen.耐力；忍耐力encompassv.包含或包括某事物

slicev.减少，降低

难句解析

1.Alotoftheirworkcomesdowntomeasurement—everythingfromtheexactangleofaswimmer'sdivetothesecond-by-secondpoweroutputofacyclist.

参考译文：

许多工作都涉及具体测量，测量内容包括从游泳运动员潜水的精确角度到自行车运动员每秒功率输出的所有数据。

语言点：

comedownto：

归结为；涉及Ifacomplicatedsituationorproblemcomesdowntosomething,thatisthesinglemostimportantthing

Itallcomesdowntomoneyintheend.归根到底，一切都是因为钱。

2.Nogainistooslighttobotherwith.

参考译文：

无论多么微小的收获都值得为之努力。

语言点：

（1）too…to的用法：

表示否定的含义，译为“太……以致于不能”。

本句话虽然短，却因为有no否定词和too…to句型而出现了肯定的意思，因此要格外注意。

可以根据“负负得正”的原则直接将原句翻译成肯定的意思，便于理解。

（2）gainn.获得

①[C]anadvantageorimprovement,especiallyoneachievedbyplanningoreffort

②[U&C]anincreaseintheamountorlevelofsomething

③[U]financialprofit,especiallywhenthisseemstobetheonlythingsomeoneisinterestedinThepartymadeconsiderablegainsatlocalelections.该党派在地方选举中获得许多利益。

（3）botherv.努力做:

tomaketheefforttodosomething

①（not）bothertodosomething

Hedidn'tbothertoanswerthequestion.

②（not）botherabout/with

Hedidn'tbotherwithareply.

③（not）botherdoingsomething

Manyyoungpeopledidn'tbothervoting.

don't/didn't/won'tetc.bother

‘Doyouwantmetowaitforyou?

’‘No,don'tbother.’

Whybothertogoabroadwhentherearesomanyniceplaceshere?

3.YoudesignthemodeltomakethattimeAstartofthismuch,eachfree-swimmingperiodhastobethisfast,withacertainstrokefrequencyandstrokelength,withturnsdoneinthesetimes.

参考译文：

人们设计一种模式以达到预期的速度，该模式规定了出发时间的长短、每次划水的速率、一定的划频和划距、转身所需的时间等等。

注意：

代词this和that，these等所指代的东西，需要通过上下文理解掌握。

本句话中代词指的是“竞赛模式”下所预期的时间、速度等。

语言点：

（1）stroke（划船，游泳等）一划

bu