GRE老真题9410.docx

GRE老真题9410.docx

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GRE老真题9410

94年10月SECTION2

Time-30minutes

38Questions

1.Thoughenvironmentalistshavetargetedsome

herbicidesaspotentiallydangerous,themanufacturers,totheenvironmentalists'dismay,

------theuseoftheseherbicidesonlawns.

（A）defy

（B）defer

（C）defend

（D）assail

（E）disparage

2.Tobelievethataculture'sachievementcanbemeasuredbythe-------ofitswrittenmaterialrequires

onetoacceptthatapageofjunkmailisas-------

asapageofgreatliterature.

（A）nature..readable

（B）quality..prevalent

（C）timelessness..understandable

（D）applicability..eloquent

（E）volume..valuable

3.Giventhefailureofindependentlaboratoriesto

replicatetheresultsofDr.Johnson'sexperiment,only

themost-------supportersofherhypothesiswouldbe

foolishenoughtoclaimthatithadbeenadequately

-------

（A）fastidious..defined

（B）partisan..verified

（C）vigilant..publicized

（D）enlightened..researched

（E）fervent..undermined

4.Romanhistorianswhostudytheperiod30B.C.to

A.D.180can-------the"Augustanpeace"onlyby

failingtorecognizethatthispeaceinmanyrespects

resembledthatofdeath.

（A）decry

（B）applaud

（C）ridicule

（D）demand

（E）disprove

5.AlthoughTomwasawarethatitwouldbe------to

displayannoyancepubliclyatthesalesconference,he

couldnot--------hisirritationwiththeclient's

unreasonabledemands.

（A）inadvisable..evince

（B）efficacious..suppress

（C）pragmatic..counter

（D）captious..express

（E）impolitic..hide

6.ItisnoaccidentthatmostpeoplefindDavis'book

disturbing,foritis------toundermineanumberof

beliefstheyhavelong-------

（A）calculated..cherished

（B）annotated..assimilated

（C）intended..denied

（D）anxious..misunderstood

（E）reputed..anticipated

7.Onevirusstrainthatmayhelpgenetherapistscure

geneticbraindiseasescanentertheperipheralnervoussystemandtraveltothebrain,-------theneedtoinjectthetherapeuticvirusdirectlyintothe

brain.

（A）suggesting

（B）intensifying

（C）elucidating

（D）satisfying

（E）obviating

8.INDECIPHERABLE:

DECODED:

:

（A）indecisive:

advised

（B）insensitive:

criticized

（C）unlawful:

apprehended

（D）unimaginative:

stimulated

（E）unmanageable:

controlled

9.TWIG:

LIMB:

:

（A）microbe:

slide

（B）galaxy:

star

（C）doggerel:

poetry

（D）plant:

root

（E）brook:

river

10.APATHETIC:

EMOTION:

:

（A）curious:

self-control

（B）chary:

caution

（C）imprudent:

discretion

（D）charming:

affectation

（E）garrulous:

patience

11.OBSERVE:

SCRUTINIZE:

:

（A）sing:

harmonize

（B）question:

grill

（C）glance:

gape

（D）walk:

stroll

（E）speak:

whisper

12.GRATING:

SOUND:

:

（A）dysfunctional:

design

（B）fetid:

smell

（C）piquant:

flavor

（D）asymmetrical:

shape

（E）numb:

sensation

13.HEDONISTIC:

PLEASURE:

:

（A）narcissistic:

self

（B）aesthetic:

love

（C）laconic:

words

（D）democratic:

justice

（E）pragmatic:

intellect

14.TRUMPET:

HORN:

:

（A）note:

scale

（B）pedal:

piano

（C）bow:

violin

（D）tambourine:

drum

（E）instrument:

orchestra

15.SYCOPHANT:

FLATTERY:

:

（A）extortionist:

intimidation

（B）champion:

dispiritedness

（C）arsonist:

retribution

（D）sociopath:

nonconformity

（E）intellectual:

speciousness

16.EPITOMIZE:

BREVITY:

:

（A）propose:

agreement

（B）bicker:

seriousness

（C）tremble:

anxiety

（D）embellish:

ornamentation

（E）store:

surplus

　TheFourteenthAmendmenttothe

　　UnitedStatesConstitution,ratifiedin1868,

　　prohibitsstategovernmentsfromdenying

　　citizensthe"equalprotectionofthe

（5）laws."Althoughpreciselywhattheframers

　　oftheamendmentmeantbythisequal

　　protectionclauseremainsunclear,all

　　interpretersagreethattheframers'

　　immediateobjectivewastoprovidea

（10）constitutionalwarrantfortheCivil

　　RightsActof1866,whichguaranteed

　　thecitizenshipofallpersonsborn

　　intheUnitedStatesandsubjectto

　　UnitedStatesjurisdiction.This

（15）declaration,whichwasechoedinthe

　　textoftheFourteenthAmendment,was

　　designedprimarilytocounterthe

　　SupremeCourt'srulinginDredScottv.

　　SandfordthatBlackpeopleintheUnited

（20）Statescouldbedeniedcitizenship.

　　TheactwasvetoedbyPresidentAndrew

　　Johnson,whoarguedthattheThirteenth

　　Amendment,whichabolishedslavery,did

　　notprovideCongresswiththeauthority

（25）toextendcitizenshipandequalprotection

　　tothefreedslaves.AlthoughCongress

　　promptlyoverrodeJohnson'sveto,

　　supportersoftheactsoughttoensure

　　itsconstitutionalfoundationswiththe

（30）passageoftheFourteenthAmendment.

　　Thebroadlanguageoftheamendment

　　stronglysuggeststhatitsframerswere

　　proposingtowriteintotheConstitution

　　notalaundrylistofspecificcivil

（35）rightsbutaprincipleofequalcitizen-

　　shipthatforbidsorganizedsocietyfrom

　　treatinganyindividualasamemberof

　　aninferiorclass.Yetforthefirst

　　eightdecadesoftheamendment'sexist-

（40）ence,theSupremeCourt'sinterpretation

　　oftheamendmentbetrayedthisidealof

　　equality.IntheCivilRightsCasesof

　　1883,forexample,theCourtinvented

　　the"stateaction"limitation,which

（45）assertsthat"private"decisionsbyowners　

　　ofpublicaccommodationsandother

　　commercialbusinessestosegregate

　　theirfacilitiesareinsulatedfromthe

　　reachoftheFourteenthAmendment's

（50）guaranteeofequalprotectionunder

　　thelaw.

　　　AftertheSecondWorldWar,ajudicial

　　climatemorehospitabletoequalprotec-

　　tionclaimsculminatedintheSupreme

（55）Court'srulinginBrownv.Boardof

　　Educationthatraciallysegregated

　　schoolsviolatedtheequalprotection

　　clauseoftheFourteenthAmendment.Two

　　doctrinesembracedbytheSupremeCourt

（60）duringthisperiodextendedtheamend-

　　ment'sreach.First,theCourtrequired

　　especiallystrictscrutinyoflegis-

　　lationthatemployeda"suspectclassifi-

　　cation,"meaningdiscriminationagainsta

（65）groupongroundsthatcouldbeconstrued

　　asracial.Thisdoctrinehasbroadened

　　theapplicationoftheFourteenthAmend-

　　menttoother,nonracialformsof

　　discrimination,forwhilesomejustices

（70）haverefusedtofind,anylegislative

　　classificationotherthanracetobe

　　constitutionallydisfavored,mosthave

　　beenreceptivetoargumentsthatat

　　leastsomenonracialdiscriminations.

（75）sexualDiscriminationinparticular,

　　are"suspect"anddeservethisheightened

　　scrutinybythecourts.Second,the

　　Courtrelaxedthestateactionlimitation

　　ontheFourteenthAmendmentbringing

（80）newformsofprivateconductwithinthe

amendment'sreach.

17.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemainideaofthepassage?

（A）Bypresentingalistofspecificrights,framersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereattemptingtoprovideaconstitutionalbasisforbroadjudicialprotectionoftheprincipleofequalcitizenship.

（B）OnlyaftertheSupremeCourtadoptedthesuspectclassificationapproachtoreviewingpotentiallydiscriminatorylegislationwastheapplicabilityoftheFourteenthAmendmentextendedtoincludesexualdiscrimination.

（C）NotuntilaftertheSecondWorldWardidtheSupremeCourtbegintointerprettheFourteenthAmendmentinamannerconsistentwiththeprincipleofequalcitizenshipthatitexpresses.

（D）InterpretersoftheFourteenthAmendmenthaveyettoreachconsensuswithregardtowhatitsframersmeantbytheequalprotectionclause.（C）

（E）AlthoughthereluctanceofjudgestoextendthereachoftheFourteenthAmendmenttononracialdiscriminationhasbetrayedtheprincipleofequalcitizenship,theSupremeCourt’suseofthestateactionlimitationtoinsulateprivateactivityfromtheamendment’sreachhasbeenmoreharmful.

18.Thepassagesuggeststhattheprincipaleffectofthestateactionlimitationwasto

（A）allowsomediscriminatorypracticestocontinueunimpededbytheFourteenthAmendment

（B）influencetheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv,BoardofEducation

（C）provideexpandedguidelinesdescribingprohibitedactions

（D）prohibitstatesfromenactinglawsthatviolatedtheintentoftheCivilRightsActof1866（A）

（E）shifttostategovernmentstheresponsibilityforenforcementoflawsprohibitingdiscriminatorypractices

19.Theauthor’spositionregardingtheintentoftheframersoftheFourteenthAmendmentwouldbemostseriouslyunderminedifwhichofthefollowingweretrue?

（A）Theframershadanticipatedstateactionlimitationsastheyaredescribedinthepassage.

（B）Theframershadmerelysoughttopreventdiscriminatoryactsbyfederalofficials.

（C）TheframerswereconcernedthattheCivilRightsActof1866wouldbeoverturnedbytheSupremeCourt.

（D）Theframerswereawarethatthephrase“equalprotectionofthelaws”hadbroadimplications.（B）

（E）Theframersbelievedthatracialaswellasnon-racialformsofdiscriminationwereunacceptable.

20.Accordingtothepassage,theoriginalproponentsoftheFourteenthAmendmentwereprimarilyconcernedwith

（A）detailingtherightsaffordedbytheprincipleofequalcitizenship

（B）providingsupportintheConstitutionforequalprotectionforallcitizensoftheUnitedStates

（C）closingaloopholethatcouldbeusedtodenyindividualstherighttosueforenforcementoftheircivilrights

（D）assertingthatthecivilrightsprotectedbytheConstitutionincludednonracialdiscriminationaswellasracialdiscrimination（B）

（E）grantingstategovernmentsbroaderdiscretionininterpretingtheCivilRightsActof1866

21.TheauthorimpliesthattheFourteenthAmendmentmightnothavebeenenactedif

（A）Congress’authoritywithregardtolegislatingcivilrightshadnotbeenchallenged

（B）theframershadanticipatedtheSupremeCourt’srulinginBrownv.Boa